Safe Handling of Radioactive Isotopes |
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Page 6
... measured in air ( i . e . , without back- scatter ) . According to present knowledge , this general ex- posure to gamma radiation is believed to be safe as far as any bodily injury is concerned , when there is no other type of radiation ...
... measured in air ( i . e . , without back- scatter ) . According to present knowledge , this general ex- posure to gamma radiation is believed to be safe as far as any bodily injury is concerned , when there is no other type of radiation ...
Page 9
... measured , or when the pos- sible exposure is restricted to one isotope , this should be chemically separated from the urine . Examination of the feces may be required when the predominant elimination is by feces . Special tests for ...
... measured , or when the pos- sible exposure is restricted to one isotope , this should be chemically separated from the urine . Examination of the feces may be required when the predominant elimination is by feces . Special tests for ...
Page 15
... measurement of radiation transmitted through shields , or in other cases where it is necessary to evaluate the potential radiation exposure . When properly designed , the response of these chambers is independent of the wavelength of ...
... measurement of radiation transmitted through shields , or in other cases where it is necessary to evaluate the potential radiation exposure . When properly designed , the response of these chambers is independent of the wavelength of ...
Page 17
... measurements . Combines many of the advan- tages of the C. P. , Zeuto , and Zeus . Rugged and reliable general pur- pose instrument . Not entirely free from wavelength depend- ence , but this is not a critical defect . High sensitivity ...
... measurements . Combines many of the advan- tages of the C. P. , Zeuto , and Zeus . Rugged and reliable general pur- pose instrument . Not entirely free from wavelength depend- ence , but this is not a critical defect . High sensitivity ...
Page 18
... measured on standard laboratory counting equipment . Complications are introduced when the half- life of the collected material is short or comparable with the collection time . The electrostatic precipitation method per- mits the ...
... measured on standard laboratory counting equipment . Complications are introduced when the half- life of the collected material is short or comparable with the collection time . The electrostatic precipitation method per- mits the ...
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Common terms and phrases
absorbent absorption active materials active solutions Alloy studies Appendix beta radiation blood count body Bone Bureau of Explosives Bureau of Standards chairman Chem chemistry Committee conditions normally incident corpuscular CURIE decontamination deposition disintegrations dose dust electrically charged electrostatic precipitation elimination equipment Feces Urine film badges fission products gamma radiation gamma rays filtered Geiger counter half-life HANDLING OF RADIOACTIVE hands hazard hr/day inch of lead incident to transportation ingestion inhalation inspection instrument Interstate Commerce Commission ion chamber irradiation laboratory Liver lungs MDDC ment millicurie milliroentgens monitoring mr/hr National Bureau Neutron Radiation nominal maximum Nucleonics organizations package packed particles permissible personnel pocket chambers polonium r/hr radiation protection radioactive contamination radioactive isotopes radioactive materials radioactive substances radioisotopes radiotoxicity radium gamma rays range regulations shielding SHIPMENT OF RADIOACTIVE shipping container significant alpha sorbed specifically strontium Subcommittee suitable inside containers surface contamination survey meter tests thickness tion waste disposal X-ray Zeuto
Popular passages
Page 26 - Radioactive materials that present special hazards due to their tendency to remain fixed In the human body for long periods of time (ie, radium, Plutonium, and radioactive strontium, etc.) must, in addition to the packing...
Page 26 - All outside shipping containers must be of such design that the gamma radiation will not exceed 200 mr/hr or equivalent at any point of readily accessible surface. Containers must be equipped with handles and protective devices when necessary in order to satisfy this requirement...
Page 6 - It represents that dose which produces energy absorption of 93 ergs/gram of tissue. The actual energy absorption in tissue per roentgen is a function of the tissue composition and of the wavelength of the radiation. It ranges between 60 and 100 ergs/gram. For calculations of permissible exposure this variation is ignored, and a beta-ray LH Gray's "energy-unit".
Page 26 - Radioactive materials Group I, liquid, solid, or gaseous, must be packed in suitable inside containers completely surrounded by a shield of lead or other suitable material of such thickness that at any time during transportation the gamma radiation at one meter (39.3 inches) from any point on the radioactive source will not exceed 10 milliroentgens per hour. The shield must be so designed that it will not open or break under conditions incident to transportation. The minimum shielding must be sufficient...
Page iii - At a meeting of this committee in December 1946, the representatives of the various participating organizations agreed that the problems in radiation protection had become so manifold that the committee should enlarge its scope and membership and should appropriately change its title to be more inclusive. Accordingly, at that time the name of the committee was changed to the National Committee on Radiation Protection. At the same time, the number of participating organizations was increased and the...
Page 26 - The package must be such that no significant alpha, beta, or neutron radiation is emitted from the exterior of the package and the gamma radiation at any surface of the package must be less than 10 milliroentgens for 24 hours.
Page 27 - The inside containers must be surrounded on all sides by an absorbent material sufficient to absorb the entire liquid contents and of such nature that its efficiency will not be impaired by chemical reaction with the contents.
Page iv - With the increasing use of radioactive isotopes by industry, the medical profession, and research laboratories, it is essential that certain minimal precautions be taken to protect the users and the public. The recommendations contained in this Handbook represent what is believed to be the best available opinions on the subject as of this date. As our experience with radioisotopes broadens, we will undoubtedly be able to improve and strengthen the recommendations for their safe handling, utilization,...
Page iii - In order to distribute the work load, eight working subcommittees were established as noted below. Each of these committees is charged with the responsibility of preparing protection recommendations in its particular field. The reports of the subcommittees are approved by the main committee before promulgation.
Page 12 - RADIOACTIVE". Liquid waste that is too active for disposal through the drains should be collected in carboys. It is advisable to connect two of these in series in order to avoid the possibility of overflow. g. Special equipment Special equipment suitable for the type and level of activity being used should be provided for each type of operation. This should include handling tools such as tongs, forceps, trays, and mechanical holders. Long-handled tools provide adequate protection by distance where...