the Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake. Liquid oxygen is used by aviators for breathing while operating their aircraft at high altitudes. A liquid oxygen shop is a small, fireproof building, containing clean space for oxygen storage tanks, oxygen transfer equipment, oxygen regulation equipment repair shop, a shelter for ready issue trailer storage and maintenance, office and storage. Existing facilities are inadequate, lacking the necessary safety features. At Chase Field the two shops now used are operated under waivers because of their temporary flammable wood construction. The China Lake facility contains no space for storage and maintenance of gaseous oxygen tanks and related equipment.

OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER (2)

The next group of repetitive type line items consist of two operations control center items, one each at the Headquarters, Commander Alaskan Sea Frontier, Kodiak, and the Fleet Operations Control Center, Norfolk. Both items are classified.

SHIP BERTHING IMPROVEMENTS (3)

The 15th group consists of three line items to provide ships berthing improvements at the Naval Submarine Base, Pearl Harbor, and the Naval Stations, San Diego and Charleston. The Charleston item is classified.

When fleet ships come into port, they should be berthed at piers providing adequate utilities, steam, fresh water and electricity, so that they can shut down their engineering plants for maintenance. This increases the life of the engineering plants and reduces the cost of navy yard overhauls. Berthing alongside well-equipped piers is essential for the economic management of today's technologically sophisticated ships, and also to provide a reasonable way of life for the officers and men who man them.

At Pearl Harbor berth S-21 will be improved to support nuclear and POLARIS submarines by dreding from 31 to 35 feet, by strengthening the fender system and providing an electrical distribution system.

At San Diego there is an acute shortage of adequate berthing space. Pier 8, formerly used for berthing ships in the Reserve Fleet, will be improved to accommodate active fleet tenders, destroyers and amphibious and auxiliary ships. The depth of this water alongside will be dredged from 20 to 30 feet, and electrical and fresh and salt water distribution systems and telephone service will be provided.

Senator STENNIS. Let me ask a question. You have asked for $4 million. I would assume you already have berthing facilities that are necessary to take care of the Navy. You are not increasing your number of ships so much. Do you mean at Pearl Harbor you don't have facilities to take care of the POLARIS submarine?

Admiral HULL. The POLARIS submarine is a deeper draft submarine, sir, and requires much heavier utilities. The pier exists at Pearl Harbor. We are simply adding utilities to it, and we are dredging to make it deep enough alongside to receive submarines.

Senator STENNIS. Is it usable now?

Admiral HULL. It is usable.

Senator STENNIS. For POLARIS?

Admiral HULL. No, sir, because the POLARIS submarine can't get to it. The water is not deep enough, hence the dredging.

Senator STENNIS. Well, it seems to me you would have done this before you ever put the submarines out there because you certainly need it, I would think.

Admiral HULL. Yes, sir. There are other piers which will receive them, but not enough. As you know, we are increasing the deployment there.

Senator STENNIS. Are there others at Pearl Harbor?

Admiral HULL. Yes, sir, as our general statement our berthing is in short supply worldwide.

Senator STENNIS. Why is that?

Admiral HULL. I think probably there are two answers to that. The complexities of our ships these days and the equipments on them require them to be alongside piers a lot more than they used to. You will notice throughout our program, particularly, the increased requirements for electricity. It takes a lot more power to run the complicated radars and fire control devices that we put on board the ships today. They have to have much more electrical power.

Now if we are to close down our ships' engineering plants for maintenance, when we come alongside the pier, which is one of the objectives, then we must have this kind of electricity available from the piers, so that we can carry out routine maintenance on our radars and fire control systems, and put them back in shape also.

Another aspect is that, if I may do this on a personal basis, when I commanded a destroyer in San Diego some 15 years ago, we generally nested at buoys in the harbor, and we used our boats for liberty parties. Today the equipment we have on board destroyers makes it impossible to put those boats on board.

A destroyer never has more than one boat today, and we would never get our liberty parties ashore if we stayed out in the stream-this is my second point. It is not only for the technological advances in the ships themselves, it is a way of life for our people. The few times that we are in port we want them to be able to get off the ship when they mustwhich they can do a lot more easily than they could in the past.

Senator STENNIS. As I understand it, you are far behind worldwide in berthing facilities, and you have to step up this program every year for a while?

Admiral HULL. Yes, sir; we do.

Senator STENNIS. All right. Next item.

INSTRUCTION BUILDING (92)

Admiral HULL. The next group consists of two repetitive-type line items for construction of an instruction building at the Marine Corps bases, Camp Lejeune, and Camp Pendleton. At these bases classes are held in general military subjects to complement combat field training of the personnel in the Fleet Marine Forces. Instructions cover

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various fields such as weapons and equipment familiarization, communication and the myriad of technical skills required by the combat units. The instruction building at Camp Lejeune is needed for the force troops as a step in their consolidation in one area. They are now sharing facilities built for the 2d Marine Division which are only marginally adequate for that division. The Camp Pendleton structure is to be built for battalions assigned to the Horno area which lacks any facilities usable for the necessary instructions.

TECHNICAL TRAINING BUILDING (4)

The next group consists of four line items for construction of replacement technical training buildings at the Naval Training Centers, Great Lakes and San Diego, the Officer Candidate School, Newport, and the Fleet Training Center, Norfolk. The mission of each of these activities is to train personnel-primarily in the technical skills utilized aboard ship. The large turnover of personnel makes the training process a continuous one. The problem is compounded by the increasing complexity of our ships, weapons systems, and equipments. Because of the acute shortage in the fleet of trained technicians in electrical and electronic fields, the Navy has found it necessary to train more enlisted men in these skills at Great Lakes and San Diego. Various technical subjects are also taught to personnel assigned to the Norfolk Center, including, for example, damage control, an emergency shiphandling. In addition, space is required here for the administration of precommissioning crews and an underway training unit. At Newport the students are given indoctrinal training in various subjects they need to know as potential naval officers. Two buildings will be constructed at this activity and one at each of the other three locations to meet the requirement for training space. The existing facilities at all four activities are deteriorated and will be razed upon completion of the proposed buldings.

Senator STENNIS. This is something I noticed before. I am interested in it but you are asking for a lot at one time. I have been complaining because you didn't ask for more lighting. Were any of these four requested last year?

Admiral HULL. No, sir; none of these was asked for last year.

Senator STENNIS. Give us something on the nature of these buildings, and if there is a need, and how much de luxe treatment they have and how much austerity. None of these are living quarters, are they?

Admiral HULL. No, sir; these are school buildings.

Senator STENNIS. Does this include the furnishings and equipment that go into them?

Admiral HULL. All the built-in equipment; yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. What is that equipment? Does it include computers?

Admiral HULL. All right, sir. At Great Lakes and San Diego the buildings are for the training of sailors, some 97 percent of whom will have just finished recruit training. These buildings are to qualify them for basic rates.

Senator STENNIS. We fairly well understand the stage of the training.

Admiral HULL. I want to explain the difference between the four. Then I will ask Admiral Corradi to describe the buildings to you. Senator STENNIS. All right.

Admiral HULL. At Newport it is for our officer candidates; at Norfolk it is for fleet personnel who will come in as teams. The two buildings at San Diego and Great Lakes will be roughly similar. The ones at Newport and Norfolk will be slightly different. Admiral Corradi can speak to the differences.

Admiral CORRADI. The buildings, Mr. Chairman, are not particularly plush. They are school buildings, as has been stated. The equipment that goes into them involves a few laboratories and some visual aids.

In the case of the Norfolk building, there is a ship's characteristics trainer, which is a mockup that permits a ship to list and to give training in the continuous operation of equipment under those conditions. There is a limited amount of air conditioning provided, primarily for the interior rooms and for the equipments that are involved. There are desks, chairs, file cabinets, and so on to be furnished from other routine appropriations.

The amount of these is not significant. For example, in a $2 million building in Norfolk, the amount for desks, chairs, file cabinets, and shop equipment amounts to $39,000. This is primarily a question of providing well-lit, temperature-controlled classrooms, and facilities for the training devices that are installed.

Senator STENNIS. These are all replacements?

Admiral HULL. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. What kind of buildings are you using now?

Admiral CORRADI. The old buildings are to be demolished at San Diego. Some temporary barracks and garages are being used to give this training. These will be demolished when the new buildings are constructed.

Senator STENNIS. When were those buildings built, World War II? Admiral HULL. The buildings at San Diego during World War II, those in Norfolk prior to World War II, and those at Newport are temporary World War II buildings, sir.

Senator STENNIS. How many do you have in your future program of this general type?

Mr. KENYON (from the Bureau of Personnel). Sir, I can't give a definitive answer on that, but there would be a number of additional buildings, some of which will be at these locations, and some at other places. You see, Mr. Chairman, we are really trying to do two things. One, we are making space available for new equipments, as they come along, and we are replacing the World War II structures which we have been using since the early 1940's.

Senator STENNIS. All right, give us a list of your requirements for the record for the next 5 years as far as you can estimate it. Mr. KENYON. All right, sir.

Senator STENNIS. With an estimate on the probable cost. (The information referred to follows:)

The following is a list of applied instruction facilities planned for inclusion in service schools military construction programs for the next 5 years:

Fiscal year 1968: FTC, Charleston, S.C... Applied instruction building..

$95,000

500,000

1,393, 000

199,000

2,649,000

4,836,000

199,000

3,654,000

140,000

2,227,000

400,000

2,767,000

Applied instruction building, 2d increase..

3,582,000

Applied instruction building FT(A).

1,456,000

Expand applied instruction building.

400,000

Advanced weapons system training building..

140,000

Computer program building..

450,000

Applied instruction building.

56,000

101,000

Senator STENNIS. If it is agreeable to the committee, we will move to the next item.

CRYPTOGRAPHIC REPAIR SCHOOL (2)

Admiral HULL. The next two items are classified, Mr. Chairman. We will skip them.

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS TRAINING BUILDING (4)

The next group consists of four line items for construction of an aircraft systems training building for the air stations at Cecil Field, Lemoore, Beaufort, and Whidbey Island. These are specially designed facilities for training pilots and ground crews in the various systems peculiar to a particular aircraft. The service and weapons systems are displayed in panels and mockups in a manner which allows students to observe the actual functioning of the systems. They include large component sections, such as a complete cockpit, where personnel can simulate actual operation and maintenance procedures, including emergency procedures. The facilities at Cecil Field, Lemoore, and Beaufort are for training personnel in the operation and maintenance of the new light attack aircraft, the A-7A Corsair II. Whidbey Island is the west coast introduction site of the A-6A Intruder. The facilities at this station relate to this medium-attack aircraft. The line item at Cecil Field is the second