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Senator MONRONEY. That is 45 off of that then. That would be 92. Dr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir.

Senator MONRONEY. The increase. The major part of that is for 63 jobs in the general appropriation of the Library. Are these jobs in the service end of the book departments?

Dr. MUMFORD. That is for that main appropriation, "Library of Congress, salaries and expenses," which, as I indicated earlier, the House called the backbone of our funds.

Senator MONRONEY. Can you break that down a little bit since you are asking for restoration of 13 of those jobs.

Dr. MUMFORD. You wish a breakdown of the 63, or the 13 which the House did not allow?

Senator MONRONEY. What would you have to cut off if we stayed with the House figure of 50.

USE OF REQUESTED PERSONNEL

Dr. MUMFORD. We are still deliberating and discussing that, sir, depending upon what this committee may do. It might, for example, affect the activity of the Order Division. Some of the positions were for handling increased acquisitions, for keeping our catalogs in good condition, for the filing of cards. Several of the positions were for maintenance of the catalogs.

Senator MONRONEY. None of these is charged to copyrights or to the distribution of catalog cards.

Dr. MUMFORD. No, sir. Our serial record, for example, which is the most monumental tool of its kind in the world, I think, serves as the central source for all periodicals and serials, and with the increase in publications we have not been able to stay up with the incoming materials. It might affect that, or our gift and exchange operation.

Two positions were for service in the Law Library, and some of the positions were for the application of the new book classification, called class K, for legal materials. We have never had a classification for legal materials. Although we have developed classification schedules for all other fields of knowledge, only recently has a schedule been developed for law, and some positions were for the application of that. Then for our reference service in the Manuscript, Maps, Music, Orientalia, Prints and Photographs, Serial, and Stack and Reader Divisions positions were requested to strengthen the services, to enable us to provide prompter service.

Other positions are for reading the shelves in the book collections to make sure that the books are in the right place. We have an increase in the number of books not on the shelves, or where they may be out of place or not properly shelved.

In general, all 63 of the new positions requested were intended to try to avoid accumulating more arrearages and to strength our services in the use of the Library. The elimination of 13 positions would adversely affect a number of operations.

CATALOGING AND CARD INDEXING

Mrs. HAMER. Also quite a bit of cataloging and other processing work is done in the Reference Department because it has to deal with special material, such as manuscripts, prints, photographs, and maps,

and this requires special knowledge. Some of the requested positions are for this work.

Senator MONRONEY. None of these is charged to the expense of the distribution of catalogs and cards.

Mrs. HAMER. No, sir, and these operations have not been strengthened in recent years. The catalogers that we have been granted in the last 2 years have been for the cataloging of book materials rather than these special materials.

Senator MONRONEY. Do you have any question on that personnel part of the appropriation, the first line?

Senator YARBOROUGH. Nothing, Mr. Chairman, except it seems to me to be very, very important that they have the personnel to keep accurate accounts and records, of the books and pursue that with diligence. They have the problem probably of all libraries everywhere of getting books back on time, keeping a record of them, and tracing them.

Dr. MUMFORD. Mr. Chairman, may I say a further word? The Library of Congress is a growing institution. It is inevitable that it must grow if it is to continue to fulfill its mission. This means that the Library must obtain more publications. They must be cataloged, classified, and then in these special reference divisions, as Mrs. Hamer said, where material is not in book form but is in the form of manuscripts, maps, prints, and photographs, it is important to keep the material organized so that it can be used. Over many years there has been a lack of personnel to perform this and to keep the materials organized properly, and it is quite important that we get some personnel to do this.

LIBRARY ITEMS

Senator YARBOROUGH. I do have a question, Mr. Chairman.

Dr. Mumford, how many items do you have in the Library at this time? It is something in the 40 million, isn't it?

Dr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir. It numbers very closely to 44 million pieces of material. It consists roughly of 13 million books in conventional form-that is, volumes in conventional form-and something like 31 million additional pieces in the form of music, maps, manuscripts, prints and photographs, and other library materials.

Senator YARBOROUGH. Would you classify your pamphlets as under the 31 million, or as a book in conventional form?

Dr. MUNFORD. They would be included in the 13 million conventional form items we list as "volumes and pamphlets."

Senator YARBOROUGH. How many do you have data on roughly? How many new books and pamphlets are printed each year in the world, not the total of each item, but how many different items are printed in the whole world each year?

WORLD TOTAL OF PUBLICATIONS

Dr. MUMFORD. I don't have readily at hand a world figure. In the United States I believe it is something like 25,000 to 30,000 books that are published each year.

Senator YARBOROUGH. Not counting pamphlets.

Dr. MUMFORD. Then you have pamphlets, newspapers, periodicals, and Government publications. It would be pretty hard to arrive at a figure for a world total.

I think our Order Division has some rough figures on world produc-
tion. May I ask Mr. Welsh?

Mr. WELSH. I can't answer the specific question, but there are many,
many thousands of publications issued. The Librarian said there
were 25,000 to 30,000 published in the United States. There are an-
other 25,000 published in the United Kingdom and probably another
200,000 to 300,000 published throughout the world.

Senator YARBOROUGH. Of those published in the United States what
percentage have copies filed in the Library of Congress each year un-
der the copyrights, would you estimate?

Dr. MUMFORD. I couldn't give you an exact percentage. Mr. Ka-
minstein, the Register of Copyrights, is here. He might be able to
do better, but a very large proportion of them, Senator, are copy-
righted, and we receive them by way of copyright. There is also a
fair amount of material that is issued without copyright.

How many do we register, Mr. Kaminstein?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. In fiscal year 1964 it was 66,789 books, but that
figure includes pamphlets and leaflets.

Senator YARBOROUGH. That were copyrighted?
Mr. KAMINSTEIN. That is right, sir.
Senator YARBOROUGH. Thank you.

COPYRIGHT OFFICE-PERSONNEL

Senator MONRONEY. In the next item on "Salaries and expenses,
Copyright Office," you are asking for 13 employees over your present
total. I note that in 1964 you had 252 employees in the Copyright
Office. In 1965 you jumped only 3 to 255. You are asking for 268
for 1966. Why is it that your employment as of the 23d of May was
only 246 ?

Dr. MUMFORD. May I ask the budget officer to report on that?

Senator MONRONEY. Yes, sir.

Mr. ROSSITER. Senator, because of increased publication and other
costs, the Copyright Office cannot now afford to employ any more
than 246 of their allowed positions. Employment was higher in the
early part of the fiscal year.

Senator MONRONEY. That was because of the absorption of the 10
percent of the pay increase?

Mr. ROSSITER. Absorbing other costs which have gone up; yes, sir.
Senator MONRONEY. You were allowed the positions, but you
didn't have the funds to fill them.

Mr. ROSSITER. Yes, sir.

Senator MONRONEY. This would give you the funds to bring up 13

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Senator MONRONEY. Isn't that about the largest increase you ever
had in 1 year for the copyright office?

Mr. ROSSITER. In many years; yes, sir. But all the positions re-
quested are in the lower grades and all are based on increased work-
load.

Senator MONRONEY. Why is the 13 so necessary?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, there has been no increase in the
allotted positions since 1961 and in that time there has been a 19-

percent increase in registrations so that we are beginning to fall behind both in the registration and the cataloging procedures of the Office.

COPYRIGHT FEE COLLECTIONS

Secretary MONRONEY. This is the Office I believe you said that turns in nearly $2 million in fees from the registration of copyrights? Mr. KAMINSTEIN. That is right, if you count the value of material received.

Dr. MUMFORD. On page 104 of our justification book there is a table which shows the fees in cash and the estimated value of materials that are received and transferred to the Library's collections. We are receiving 112 percent of the cost of the appropriation if we include the value of the materials along with the fees.

Senator MONRONEY. This would merely give you enough help to keep updated with your 19-percent increase in the workload. Mr. KAMINSTEIN. That is right.

Dr. MUMFORD. Actually, I think Mr. Kaminstein's latest figure is about 25 percent over that period from 1961.

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. Right now it is 19. If you go to the 1966 estimate, it would be an increase in registrations of 25 percent.

Senator MONRONEY. You mean more people are writing more books? Mr. KAMINSTEIN. Apparently.

Senator MONRONEY. Are pamphlets copyrighted?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. Oh, yes, sir; but this includes the whole range of literary materials, music, maps, motion pictures. Dr. MUMFORD. Even three-dimentional objects.

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. Works of art.

Senator MONRONEY. A copyright is $6.55 per copy?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. That figure for the value of books transferred to the Library was taken from Publisher's Weekly in January 1964 so that it is already out of date. That is the average cost of books in some 19 categories, and it does not include the cost of acquisition.

COPYRIGHT COST

Senator MONRONEY. Is that what it costs you to handle them, or is that what it costs the person to get a copyright?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. No, sir; the cost of the copyright is fixed by statute and it is $4. This $6.55 per copy is what it would cost the Library to buy the materials, but it doesn't include the cost of ordering, and

so on.

Senator MONRONEY. Through copyright how many copies of the books do you get?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. Two, sir.

Senator MONRONEY. Do you need more than two?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. The Copyright Office doesn't. The Library might.

Dr. MUMFORD. For a book that is in great demand it may be necessary to supplement those two to meet the needs of the Congress and of governmental agencies.

Senator MONRONEY. In other words, they pay $4 for the copyright registration?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. That is right, sir.

Senator MONRONEY. It costs you $6.55 per copy to acquire, is that correct?

Mr. KAMINSTEIN. No, sir. What we have done is to take the fees actually received by the Copyright Office and to that figure we have added the value of material that is actually taken over by the Library. The Library has access to all our material. The value of the material actually turned over to the Library has been calculated and the $6 figure is what it would cost the Library to buy the books they select.

Senator MONRONEY. Actually the income from the book registration and from the periodical registration does not total out at $1,987,819, is that correct.

Dr. MUMFORD. No, sir.

Senator MONRONEY. This is a figure arrived at in lieu of acquisition by the Library.

Dr. MUMFORD. Yes.

Mrs. HAMER. We would have to spend our book-purchase money to buy much of this material if we did not receive it by copyright. Thus it seems to us legitimate to add to the copyright fees received the value of the material the Library gets through copyright.

Senator MONRONEY. Will you put in the record the total amount of cash that is received in Copyright Office? Do you have that handy? Dr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir. It was $1,133,546 in fiscal 1964.

LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE

Senator MONRONEY. In the Legislative Reference Service you have four additional positions. You are up to 222. There has been a great deal of discussion of this in the Legislative Reorganization Committee. Several members have expressed dissatisfaction with the quality of the work of the Legislative Reference Service.

A good portion of the blame lies with the Congress. It is being misused by some Members asking for help on school papers, and other academic work for constituents. The numbers of requests that the Legislative Reference Service receives, that is, requests by Congress, apparently do indicate a very great use of this by Congressmen relying on it to answer queries or furnish data that is not for the benefit of Congress, but for the benefit of constituents. We feel unless something is done to get it back as the main research pool for the Congress instead of the purpose it is being misused for, some change in the organizational plan will have to take place.

Senator YARBOROUGH. Mr. Chairman, doesn't the law authorize Members of Congress to ask for this material only for ourselves?

Senator MONRONEY. I don't know whether it does or not. I know the number of requests that we have had each year. You have a breakdown on these items, have you not?

Dr. MUMFORD. Dr. Elsbree is here. May I ask him to speak to this? We have a situation of an ever-increasing number of inquiries all across the board. Our specific request here, however, was only in the area of the growing congressional need for assistance in science and technology and its relationship to public policy. I would be glad if you would let Dr. Elsbree elaborate upon this.

Senator MONRONEY. Yes.

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