Inland Container Corp. (Lousiville, |
Ky., corrugated shipping con-
tainer plant and other assets of
General Box Co.), 1958.

Manufacture and sale of corrugated shipping containers in Louisville, Ky., area.

International Paper Co. (Long Bell Papers and paperboard nationally Lumber Corp.), 1956. and Western States particularly.

June 27, 19601 Kaiser Industries Corp. (45 percent
of voting stock of Allison Steel
Co.), 1958.

Manufacture, fabrication, erection,
and sale of primary and structural
steel and aluminum and other
steel and aluminum products in
Maricopa County, Ariz., and other
sections of the country.
Kroger Co. (5 corporations in chain Processing, manufacturing, pur-
grocery business) 1955-58.

chasing, and distributing products
sold in grocery stores.

Production and sale of salt, evapo-
rated salt, and rock salt in Wash-
ington, Oregon, and Utah (Des-
eret); and Arizona, California,
and Nevada (California Salt).
Manufacture and sale of portland
cement and ready-mix concrete
in Seattle area (Pioneer); and Nor-
folk, Richmond, or Jacksonville
areas (Southern Materials).
Production and sale of iron and steel
scrap in various sections of the
United States.

6 corrugated shipping container
plants in a 10-mile radius of Louis-
ville; Inland Container 3d in the
United States in shipments of
corrugated shipping containers.
International Paper largest in capac-
city to produce paper and paper-
board and in the production of
Kraft board: Long Bell 2d in
Pacific Northwest in production
of lumber and a leading company
in the production of plywood.
Trend toward concentration through
merger of nonintegrated fabricators
of steel and aluminum products
with integrated producers of pri-
mary steel and aluminum.

In 1958, the 4 largest chains ac-
counted for 49 percent of total
chainstore sales. The 8 largest 62
percent and the 20 largest 77 per-
cent. Chainstore sales accounted
for 44 percent of total grovery store
sales and Kroger ranked as the 3d
largest chain in 1958.

84 percent of total U.S. salt ship-
ments in 6 companies and 82 per-
cent of total U.S. evaporated salt
shipments in 6 companies.

Lone Star major supplier of portland
cement and acquired companies
among largest purchasers of port-
land cement in their respective

1 Filed, docket 8027, Kaiser Steel Corp; dismissed Mar. 16, 1961; superseded by docket 8341, Kaiser Industries Corp., filed Mar. 16 1961, Filed July 13, 1954; amended docket 6156,

Consent order, Dec. 8, 1961, requiring
sale of Descret Salt Co. Divestiture
not yet accomplished.

Acquisitions challenged by the Federal Trade Commission, 1951-65-Continued

Companies (and year of acquisition)

38 percent of U.S. industry capacity
in flour milling in 9 companies and
70 percent of U.S. sales of flour-
base mixes in 7 companies.

64 percent of U.S. production of
household liquid bleach in 2 com-
panies.

Acquisitions challenged by the Federal Trade Commission, 1951-65-Continued

Status of case as of Apr. 30, 1965

Both companies among 4 largest
manufacturers and distributors of
athletic goods.

39

Trend toward vertical integration
between suppliers and customers
of portland cement in major met-
ropolitan areas in the United
States.

8 largest companies accounted for 36
percent of corrugated container
shipments in 1958 and the 20 lar-
gest 55 percent.

4 largest companies accounted for 42 percent of 1954 U.S. container board shipments, 8 largest 59 percent and 20 largest 83 percent.

32

26

26

Order in 1960 requiring divestiture up-
held by court of appeals (CA-3),
March 22, 1962. Divestiture accom-
plished (1963).

Pending before hearing examiner.

Consent order, Feb. 12, 1965, requiring
divestiture of 5 corrugated box plants
located in Maryland, Michigan, Illi-
nois, and Pennsylvania and the
grocers bag and sack plant in Rich-
mond, Va. The order prohibited
further acquisitions for a 10-year per-
iod, without prior FTC approval, in
Kraft paper and in the board-con-
verting field and required Union Bag
to make available to jobbers, distrib-
utors, users, and converters specified
amounts of coarse paper. Divesti
ture not yet accomplished.
Consent order, Mar. 23, 1956, limiting
future acquisitions of stock in Han-
kins.

APPENDIX 11

MATERIAL RELATING TO THE TESTIMONY OF

DR. SAMUEL M. LOESCHER

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Blair, John, "The Conglomerate Merger in Economics and Law", Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 46, 1958.

Clark, John B., The Control of Trusts, 1901.

Clark, John B., and Clark, John M., The Control of Trusts (Revised and Enlarged), 1912.

Clark, John B., The Problem of Monopoly, 1904.

Clark, John B., Social Justice Without Socialism, 1914.

Clemens, E. W., "Price Discrimination and the Multiple Product Firm", Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 19, 1951.

Dahl, Robert A.. "Business and Politics: A Critical Appraisal of Political Science", in Dahl, Haire and Lazarsfeld, Social Science Research on Business: Product and Potential, 1959.

Dirlam, Joel B. and Kahn, Alfred E., Fair Competition, 1954.

Durand, Edward D., The Trust Problem, 1915.

Edwards, Corwin D., "Conglomerate Bigness as a Source of Power", in Universitities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research, Business Concentration and Price Policy, 1955.

Edwards, Corwin D., "Geographical Price Formulas and the Concentration of Economic Power", Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 37, 1949.

Fetter, Frank A., The Masquerade of Monopoly, 1931.

Hines, Howard. "The Effectiveness of 'Entry' by Already Established Firms", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 71, 1957.

Kaysen, Carl, "The Corporation: How Much Power? What Scope?", in Mason, E. S., Ed., The Corporation in Modern Society, 1959.

Kaysen, Carl and Turner, Donald F., Antitrust Policy, 1959.

Johnson, William S., "The Restrictive Incidence of Basing Point Pricing on Regional Development". Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 37, 1949.

Lanzillotti, Robert, "Pricing Objectives in Large Companies", American Economic Review, Vol. 48, 1958.

Lipset, Seymour M., Political Man, 1960.

Loeacher, Samuel M., Imperfect Collusion in the Cement Industry, 1959.
Miller, John P.. Unfair Competition, 1941.

Papendreau, Andreas, and Wheeler, John T., Competition and Its Regulation, 1954.

Shubik, Martin, "Objective Functions and Models of Corporate Optimization", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 75. 1961.

Shubik. Martin. Strategy and Market Structure; Competition, Oligopoly, and the Theory of Games, 1959.

Stocking, George, Discussion of Edwards, Corwin D., "Conglomerate Bigness as a Source of Power", in Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research, Business Concentration and Price Policy, 1955.

Stocking, George and Muehler, Willard, “Business Reciprocity and the Size of Firms", Journal of Business, Vol. 31, 1957.

Wallace, Robert A. and Douglas, Paul H., "Antitrust Policies and the New Attack on the Federal Trade Commission," University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 19 1952.

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