4

degree of success INS has had in meeting its equal employment opportunity responsibilities. The Commission analysis found:

• As of September 1978, members of minority groups were slightly more than 28 percent of the INS total GS work force. Approximately 11.8 percent of these employees were black, 13.6 percent were Hispanic, 0.1 percent were American Indian, and 2.5 percent were Asian American.5 (See table 3.1.)

Women employees constituted approximately 35.5 percent of the total GS work force; of this number, 40.4 percent were also members of minority groups. Approximately 24.3 percent of INS female employees were black, 12.3 percent were Hispanic, 0.2 percent were American Indian, and 3.6 percent were Asian American." (See tables 3.1 and 3.2.)

Although minorities were more than 28 percent of the total INS work force, the great majority (74 percent) were employed at or below the GS-8 level, while a sizable number (32 percent) of minority employees were at or below the GS-4 level. In contrast, less than half (46.4 percent) of all white employees were at or below the GS-8 level, and only a fraction (13 percent) of the white work force was at or below the GS-4 level. White employees dominated the top ranks of the pay scale, however, with more than 15 percent of the white work force employed at or above the GS-12 level, compared to merely 3 percent of all minority employees at this same level. (See table 3.3.)

Although a large fraction of the INS work force is female, most women workers (88.3 percent) were employed at or below the GS-8 level; only 2 percent were at or above the GS-12 level. In comparison, 17 percent of all male employees were at or above the GS-12 level. (See table 3.3.) The median grade level at which minorities and women were employed (GS-4.5) was four grade levels below the overall white median level (GS-8.5). (See table 3.4.)

tion and decisionmaking within INS, particularly at the midmanagement level between GS-9 and GS-12. A small percentage of all minority (9.6 percent) and female (5.9 percent) employees were at or above the GS-9 level, while almost 32 percent of the white work force was at or above this level. White employees also dominated the upper management and supervisory levels, occupying 92.7 percent of all jobs at or above the GS12 level, compared to a small number of all minorities (7.2 percent) and females (6.8 percent) at this level.10 (See table 3.4.)

• Approximately 18 percent of all INS employees earned less than $12,208 annually; nearly 32 percent of all minority employees and 40 percent of all female employees fell into this category, while only 13 percent of all white employees earned less than this salary. At the other end of the pay scale, however, more than 15 percent of the white work force earned in excess of $23,087 annually, while only 3 percent of the minority employees and only 2 percent of the female employees fell into this category." (See table 3.5.)

Within INS, the four job categories of general clerical, investigator, inspector, and patrol officer comprised more than 60 percent of the total agency work force. Although minorities were heavily represented (44 percent) in the general clerical jobs, they filled only 12 percent of the investigator positions, 19 percent of the inspector jobs, and 19 percent of the patrol officer slots. 12 (See table 3.6.)

Female employees were mainly concentrated in clerical jobs, filling 90 percent of all stenographer, secretary, and clerk-typist positions. In the four major job categories, women held approximately 42 percent of the general clerical jobs, but only 4 percent of the investigator positions, 23 percent of the inspector jobs, and less than 1 percent of the patrol officer slots. 13 (See table 3.6.) Because INS has had an affirmative action program for several years,14 minorities and women constitute a significant portion of the total INS work force, but tend to be concentrated in occupations at the lower grade and salary levels. As a result, 12 Ibid., p. 46.

13 Ibid.

14 INS also has recently implemented an upward mobility program designed to provide increased job opportunities for minority employees. James Walker, INS Assistant Commissioner for Personnel, testimony before the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, hearing, Washington, D.C., Nov. 14-15, 1978, pp. 52-54 (hereafter cited as Washington Hearing Transcript).

Immigration and Naturalization Service Work Force* by Grade Level, Race, Ethnicity, and Sex, Percentage Distribution (Horizontal), September 1978

Source: U.S., Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, "INS Minorities by Minority Group Designator Within Series" (Personnel Systems, Washington, D.C.: September 1978), cited in U.S., Commission on Civil Rights, staff paper, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: An Employment Profile" (November 1978), p. 52.

TABLE 3.2

Immigration and Naturalization Service Female Work Force* by Grade Level, Race, and Ethnicity, Percentage Distribution (Horizontal), September 1978

*General Schedule work force.

**Includes Aleuts and Eskimos.

Source: U.S., Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, "INS Minorities by Minority Group Designator Within Series" (Personnel Systems, Washington, D.C.: September 1978), cited in U.S., Commission on Civil Rights, staff paper, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: An Employment Profile" (November 1978), p. 55.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Work Force,* Grade Level Groupings by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex, September 1978

*General Schedule work force.

Source: U.S., Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, "INS Minorities by Minority Group Designator Within Series" (Personnel Systems, Washington, D.C.: September 1978), cited in U.S., Commission on Civil Rights, staff paper, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: An Employment Profile" (November 1978), p.

TABLE 3.4

Immigration and Naturalization Service Work Force,* Cumulative Distribution, September 1978

*General Schedule work force.

**Includes blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians.

Source: U.S., Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, "INS Minorities by Minority Group Designator Within Series" (Personnel Systems, Washington, D.C.: September 1978), cited in U.S., Commission on Civil Rights, staff paper, "The Immigration and Naturalization Service: An Employment Profile" (November 1978), p. 56.