more the immigration increases numer- tions and sanguine expectations, sink by ically, the more it deteriorates in quality. degrees into the abyss of shame or guilt. The greatest city of the world exercises a To what dangers is a girl exposed who strong power of attraction over all manner stands alone, without means, in this surgof men under a cloud. Persons of dubious ing ocean of humanity! Not a few Gerantecedents, who feel uneasy on their na- mans go to destruction from sheer want. tive soil, find it convenient to "retire to Others are compelled by the force of cirEngland. There is no difficulty about cumstances to change their callings, and crossing the German frontier. The ex- take to occupations which they would penses of the journey are moderate, never have dreamt of at home. Dorgeel strangers arriving here are safe from su- even states that those who have been pervision on the part of the police; they obliged to forsake their original trade or are not called upon to show any papers. profession are in the majority. Teachers, No wonder, then, that most of those for- become bakers, bookkeepers are converted eigners who flee their own country for into hairdressers, merchants and students good reasons direct their steps London- work as day-laborers in the docks, artists wards. The metropolitan police, if they have to take up street-singing. The said could drive the whole of the German col- author tells stories that make one's hair ony into one place, would make a wonder- stand on end - of a young tutor, furnished fully good haul. Those who swindle at with the highest testimonials, who, after home continue their swindling here. It long-continued, frightful suffering, was need not be said that the German name glad to get a place as barber in a hairsuffers grievously under the impression of dressing establishment; and of a countingthe working of these doubtful elements. house clerk, who was not satisfied with a Especially numerous and detestable are salary of 1257. at Berlin, but who in Lonthe "long firm swindlers," i. e., German don, after a year of compulsory idleness clerks, etc., who under various false names and semi-starvation, was fain to accept a obtain samples and even goods from man- situation as baker's assistant with 50%. a ufacturers, and never pay for them, but year. I myself know of a bookseller who pawn them at once and decamp. became copyist, a mathematician who sold newspapers about the streets, a lawyer who became a dyer, etc. There is surely to be found in no German city, except perhaps Berlin, such a multitude of hungry, indigent, ragged Germans, as in the metropolis of England. The comparatively few Germans who rise to a rich and influential position, or even to a compe tency, serve as wandering lights which attract many moths, who set themselves on fire, or are indirectly led by them into the morass of failure. Would that those bent on emigration would dwell, not on the few successful, but rather on the far more numerous victims of the race for wealth!

But it is time to resume our interrupted theme, the poverty and misery which is daily on the increase, as a result of the excessive and inconsiderate flow of immigrants into an already over-crowded city. The plague of beggars has risen to such a height in the City that the German notice has been affixed to the doors of many City offices: "Begging is forbidden, and is punishable according to the police regulations." One of the ill results of promiscuous begging is, that any one who has been taken in several times by impostors is apt to harden his heart against genuine cases of distress, and thus to create in the mind of the sufferers a bitter feeling against their "heartless countrymen which in their despair may lead them into the byways of vice or crime. Many youths, and still more young girls, who have come over with the most praiseworthy inten

It may be mentioned here that device has been adopted since 1883, under the ægis of the "German Herberge," which is calculated to relieve part of the existing misery and to discourage vagabondism among the poor Germans in London. A good many of the German firms in the city allow the Herberge" to have for nothing the waste paper which accumulates in their counting-houses. When a German asks for alms, instead of receiving money and thus being encouraged in begging, he is desired to collect this paper in one place or another, to sort it, and deliver it at the address given to him; here, in exchange for his load, he is provided with a meal and a night's lodging. The plan is found

to answer very well.

Many Germans, when they decide upon trying their fortune in London, are apt to calculate on the eventual aid of the benev olent societies, and that of their rich countrymen already settled there. But they déceive themselves too often, for, however much is done in that direction, charity has its limits. The wish to come to the help of their distressed countrymen inspired the more prosperous Germans in London many years ago. As early as 1817 the German Benevolent Association sprang into life. It is conducted on the most liberal principles in the administra tion of its funds, and has distributed since its foundation above 25,000l. It Dow affords help in money to about two thou

provided with temporary board and lodg Nor is the spiritual welfare of the Ger ing at a very moderate rate. The associa- man colony left without nurture. The tion undertakes to help its members only Germans are reputed bad church-goers, in finding work, and charges a commission and they appear to justify their reputation of two per cent., which goes to the "sick-in London, for otherwise the fourteen fund for German governesses." The con- places of worship provided for devoutly dition of admittance into the society is disposed immigrants from the Fatherland satisfactory proof of teaching capability; would be very much out of proportion to the annual subscription is seven-and-six- the necessities of the German colony, pence. The home is in a very good cen- whereas it is a fact that even these few tral quarter of the City, is admirably churches and chapels are very thinly atmounted, and, in addition to a number of tended. According to the nature of things bedrooms, contains a library, dining-room, they would be emptier still, were it not and sitting-rooms, which are open to the also a fact that many Germans, quite inmembers in general as well as to the tem- different to religion at home, find it to porary inmates. Several of the princesses their advantage in this country to become and many other ladies of high position "pious," ie., to show themselves in church. take the most lively interest in the success We have even been assured that there are of the home, as also in that of an institu- large firms in London of German origin tion founded in the same year- Gordon who will not engage German clerks unless House, or Home for German Servants, they undertake to go to church every which serves the same purpose for the Sunday; but we cannot vouch for the aclatter class as the other does for gov-curacy of this statement. It was, howernesses and teachers. The advantages are very much the same, only that in the case of servants there is no question of membership, and the inmates are provided with situations gratuitously, when they are to be had; if a girl takes up an occupation which only requires her in the daytime, she is allowed to retain a bed permanently at Gordon House, and has supper there for a trifling charge. Seven shillings a week are the terms for lodging and full board, i. c., four meals a day. The fact that numerous ladies of distinction patronize the institution raises its prestige, and tends to secure better situations for the inmates.

ever, through the medium of religious communities that German life in London first assumed a concrete form. Cranmer's influence enabled the preacher Johann Alasko to found the first German congregation in 1550, which, however, was broken up three years afterwards by the command of Mary Tudor; it was reinstated in 1560 under Elizabeth, but afterwards died a natural death. The same fate befell St. John's community, founded in 1730. At this moment there are in London a Catholic church, a synagogue of German Jews, and twelve Protestant churches and chapels. The German (Hamburg) Lutheran Church was founded in 1669 by North German merchants and Swedish officers. The old church had to make way twenty

What Gordon House does for maidservants has been done these last fourteen years in the German Lodging-house (Her-years ago for the Underground Railway ; berge), very favorably situated in the the new building is close to the German City, for men who have not the command Hospital. The other Lutheran churches of large means, but desire to live comfortably, and enjoy simple but nourishing food, nicely served. Besides the diningrooms and the thirteen roomy, neatly arranged dormitories, provided with thirtyseven beds, there is a very large, handsome saloon which serves as a general sittingroom. This house is much frequented in the school holidays by teachers who come over in the hope of being engaged as foreign masters in English schools. For their benefit there is an agency connected with the Home, which is also patronized by German employers in London who want to fill vacant posts. The superintendent furnishes the guests with all sorts of useful hints as to the way things are done in England, etc.

are St. Martin's, in the Savoy (1694), St. George's in the East End (1763), and the Royal Chapel in St. James's Palace (1700); this chapel owes its existence to Queen Anne's husband, who brought many of his countrymen and co-religionists to London. Even now several members of the reigning house are attached to the congregation which assembles in this chapel. The Evangelical Communion is represented by the church in the East End (Hooper's Place); in the south-west the Camberwell church, which was consecrated about thirty years ago; the chapel at Islington founded in 1857; finally the latest, which serves the districts of Sydenham and Forest Hill. This newly formed congregation held its first service in 1875 in a private

house, but immediately started a subscription for erecting a church of their own, which was consecrated in April, 1883. In connection with this congregation there has existed since 1878 a ladies' society for looking after the poor Germans in the neighborhood, and a class of children for German choral singing; there is also a free library. The German Wesleyan Methodist community in the East End arose out of very small beginnings in 1862, and has since increased considerably. Its beautiful and spacious church, completed a few years ago, has cost quite 5,500l, which is entirely covered by voluntary contributions. This congregation also possesses three chapels in different quarters of London, where there are services twice a week. Only one-sixth of the German colony in London is Roman Catholic, and the one church, situated in Whitechapel, seems to be sufficient to meet the religious needs of that community.

It is time to say a word about the relations between Germans and English in London. We must remember, to begin with, that, as the compiler of the "Jahrbuch" says, "the stable portion of our colony is composed of one-third (at the highest computation) of the Germans residing here, while the remaining two-thirds represent the fluctuating element, constantly coming and going." With regard to the estimation in which the Germans are held, we can only take the stable nucleus into consideration. This, as a whole, is sound at the core; but the floating wave offers too many dark sides which sadly damage_the reputation of the whole community. It is only to the permanent residents, or those who have made a long stay in England, that the German settlers owe the good name which they enjoy for industry, frugality, earnestness of purpose, and intelligence, whether they be merchants or artists, scholars or artisans, schoolmasThe intellectual training of the German ters or commercial clerks. The esteem rising generation is carried on in several in which the Germans are held is subGerman schools; only a small portion of mitted to yet another testa division into their expenses is covered by school fees, classes. They are held in higher esteem the rest is supplied by voluntary contribu- among the upper circles of English society tions. The majority of German parents than by the Philistines of the middle class, send their children to English schools, or the undiscerning crowd who look upon partly because there are not enough of everything foreign with suspicion, except schools of their own nationality, partly Paris fashions and French plays. The because they wish their children from the great successes obtained here by many first to become familiar with the English German merchants, artists, etc., lead the language and customs. If there is no unprejudiced members of society to the very remarkable development of the higher conclusion that these results can only be branches of school learning, it is among the reward of honest and intelligent exerother reasons because almost every Ger- tions. But the less discriminating classes man in a position to do so, especially if have no particular respect for the poor, he has relations in the Fatherland, sends starving majority of the German colony, his sons home to have the last finishing for the troops of underpaid clerks and touches added to their education. Dr. copyists, teachers of music and languages Geehl thinks they do this because there in search of lessons, and other needy, are not sufficient establishments here for fresh arrivals — not to speak of swindlers higher German instruction; but my opin- and professional beggars. The thing is ion is, on the contrary, that the latter cir- that the higher classes come more into cumstance is not the cause, but the effect contact with the stable element, the others of the former; otherwise, surely the Ger- have to do almost exclusively with the mans would be at the trouble of setting fluctuating constituents of the German up a larger number of institutions for colony in London. So much for esteem. higher education in London. There is How about liking? There is a difference certainly no sort of school answering to between the two. Many Englishmen who the German Gymnasial and Real schools; esteem the Germans do not love them the nearest approach to this type is the because they compete in the labor market Anglo-German boys' school at Brixton. with the natives of this country. GerIn the same neighborhood there is a man bakers, tailors, waiters, hairdressschool for girls, held in high repute, ac-ers, watchmakers, clerks, music-teachers, cording to Dorgeel and others. Since schoolmasters, etc., are naturally the hor 1862 there is a German school for the higher education of girls at Islington, also private property. This is all that his been done in this direction.

ror of all the English who work in all these various industries, for the Germans are satisfied with lower salaries, and are therefore preferred, not only by their own

countrymen, but frequently also by En- to London in twenty-four to thirty-six glish employers. Every one is his own neighbor, in England as in California and elsewhere. It is quite natural that these circumstances make the intruders unpopular in many circles.*

hours. In this direction, however, Paris is even more behindhand than London, for only one little German weekly appears there, whereas here there are, after all, two or three far better weeklies. The attempt to found a daily paper was begun about the middle of 1884, and various experiments of a similar kind have been made, but without success.

We cannot close our notes on German life in London better than by citing the following passage from the eleventh chapter of the "German Colony in London," headed "Types:

The Darwinian law of the "survival of the fittest" applies to the Germans in England, more especially as concerns bakers, waiters, hairdressers, clerks, and musi cians. The teaching of music is for the most part in the hands of Germans. Even the street music is largely handed over to Germans, conspicuously the "German bands," who go about in troops wearing a uniform, and are the terror of all sensitive Many of the resident Germans make fools ears by reason of the frightful discords of themselves by playing the Teuton in season which they elicit from their wind instru- and out of season. It is generally new-comers ments, always out of tune, so that they who have the bad taste to turn into ridicule are even more torturing than the Italian things to which they are unaccustomed, to barrel organs. We cannot but admire measure everything by the German standard, Dorgeel for his good nature, which actu- and thus to come to very unjustifiable conclually finds these bands "harmless!" Ac- sions about England and the English. We cording to the same author, "at least one- and we have really no reason whatever to dehave many things to learn from the English, fifth of the great City firms is in the hands ride them. Not to say that it is ungrateful to of born Germans or their descendants." turn against a nation which offers friendly All the higher educational establishments hospitality to every stranger, and which has in the country are eager to engage the hitherto strenuously supported all the German services of Germans. The British Mu- institutions in London. The German Hospiseum and other scientific institutions num-tal, the benevolent associations, the schools, ber many Germans among their officials. etc., would be nothing like what they are, if The number of German booksellers is English help had been withheld. very considerable. German lager beer LEOPOLD KATSCHER. becomes more and more popular every year, and is even imitated on the banks of which was rather weakly, has expired.

the Thames. German literature rises in public estimation, and is much more transÎated than it was formerly.

Since writing the above, even this one weekly,

From Macmillan's Magazine.
HET;

A ROMANCE OF THE BUSH.

It would be naturally supposed that in a metropolis in which the German element plays so large a part, there must be a corresponding expresssion of its sentiments in the form of newspapers; but this I WAS on some government duty last is by no means the case. There are very year in New South Wales that took me few German papers, and those few are into the local post-offices. In the back parneither specially valuable nor widely cir-lor, at the Gundaroo post-office, I had a culated. One reason for this may be that new papers constantly come and go, and disappoint the expectations of the more critical public; another is the excellence of the English newspapers, which offer much more for less money; a third reason may be the rapid communication with home, which brings German newspapers

long chat with the son of the post-mistress; a fine young fellow, perhaps a little over thirty. He was manager to a local sheep-king, and rejoiced in the curious Christian name of Het. The following is his account of the circumstances that led to his being so named.

I was there certainly; but I don't remember much about it. I was told. I can vouch for the truth of it, for she and him, too, often and often have told it to me and others. They've told it apart, each by their two selves, and they often tell it together she telling about him, making him out to have been the hero, and he tell