grounds- often of considerable extent once belonging to populous hamlets close by, but of which the very names are already half forgotten. On the hills and in the midst of forest lands, you pass the crumbling walls of vineyards, orchards, and olive-yards; never a house or hut to remind you of the Turkish husbandmen who planted and raised them. And as the Ottoman settlements decay, those of the Greeks rise; witness what has occurred in the vicinity of Mytilene. Thirty years ago Aivalyk was taken possession of by the Turks of the neighboring community of Ayasmat, who, moreover, destroyed the vine and olive plantations. Not a Greek was suffered to remain. Now there are forty thousand Greeks without a single Moslem among them; while the neighboring Ayasmat consists of about twenty wretched hovels, with a burial-ground nearly two miles long to attest its former populousness and prosperity.

for the sale of the things made in them at the ordinary market price. But then, this ordinary market price will have to be increased so as to make up the difference, whatever it is, between the worth of a blind man's day and the worth of another man's day, and the sum required for this purpose will probably be best provided out of a fund common to the whole country. The standing objection to a national poor-rate the temptation it holds out to each separate locality to gratify its benevolence at other people's expense, and so increase the pauperism which it does not visibly pay for does not hold good here; while if it be left to each dictrict to say how much shall be spent on its own blind, they will be provided for in one place and neglected in another. A combination of this kind between voluntary effort and State relief has the advantage of being familiar, and of enlisting more intelligent and discriminating activity than is often to be had under a system such as the Similar changes have gone on all over poor-law. There are many people who the stretch of country above named. Fifcannot give money on anything like a teen or sixteen years ago, Dikali, the port great scale, who can yet give time and of Pergamos, was a collection of a dozen thought and interest, and these are pre-mud hovels. To-day it is a flourishing cisely the things which we want to enlist in the service of the blind.

From St. James's Gazette. GREEK AND TURK IN ASIA MINOR.

town, with over four thousand Greek residents and only a sprinkling of Moslems. Pergamos, twenty years back, counted no fewer than seventeen thousand Turks, and only a couple of thousand Greeks, Armenians, and Jews. In the interval one-half of the Turks have disappeared, and have been replaced by Hellenic immigrants, MORE than one traveller has, within the who now form a majority of the inhab last few years, drawn attention to the de- itants. In 1830 the Greeks of Chios were cay of the Turkish communities in the utterly destroyed, and the place was colonorth-western district of Asia Minor. But nized by Ottomans. Now it contains the more significant fact that the Greek sixty thousand Greeks, while the Turkish is supplanting the Turk seems to have population is considerably under four escaped notice. Few Englishmen, indeed, thousand. Everywhere, too, the land is can have any idea of the remarkable passing into the hands of the new-comers. growth of the Hellenic settlements in this Whenever a Turk sells his holding, a part of the Ottoman Empire during the Greek, as a matter of course almost, be last quarter of a century, or the rate at comes the purchaser; and when a Moswhich the Moslem inhabitants are reced- lem village decides upon removing, as ing before the enterprising Greeks. Not many do, a Greek colony is pretty cervery long ago a German writer, Carl Her- tain to acquire the property belonging to man, asserted that, in the country lying it. Of the entire population inhabiting this side of a line drawn from Constantinople to the mouth of the Kodjai-tchai – the ancient Xanthus- there would not be a single Turkish community left in the course of another generation. And the assertion is by no means unwarranted. In the region bounded on the north by the Sea of Marmora and on the south by Lycaonia, the Moslem villages are breaking up before one's eyes. Wherever the traveller goes he comes across Turkish burial

the region watered by the rivers Bakirtchai, Gedez-tchai, Kutchuk-Mendere, Gerenis-tchai, and Kodjai-tchai, numbering a million and a half, the Greeks already constitute a compact body of half a mil lion, as against a similar number of Turks and a mixed half-million of nomad mountain yuruks, tcheps (a remnant of the primitive people of the land, principally wood-cutters, and charcoal-burners, absolutely devoid of religion), Armenians,

Jews, gypsies, and Europeans. This halfmillion of Greeks represents the growth of a single generation, or little more. The Hellenic element, moreover, is increasing at a constantly augmenting rate, while the Turks are as rapidly decreasing. It is therefore quite likely that the number of Greeks will be doubled in the course of another five-and-twenty years, and the region between Marmora and Lycaonia become virtually an Hellenic colony. And a million or so of Greeks in this part of Asia Minor can hardly fail to exercise a marked influence upon the future of the whole country.

In every Turkish village will be found a
small general store owned by a Greek,
who sells spirits and tobacco, and lends
his little moneys out upon interest on the
terms customary in the East
- say ten
per cent. per month. He grows rich as
the village grows poor; and so the Mos-
lem goes to the wall. The government
does nothing to protect the interests of its
own people, for the wealthier Greeks yield
a larger revenue than the natives; and
even if it did interfere, it is doubtful
whether it could do anything to arrest a
movement which appears destined, at no
distant day, to put the Hellenes once
again in possession of the country,they of
old peopled between the Black Sea and
the River Xanthus.

From The Times.

Many causes are helping to bring about the results indicated here. The Turk, though possessed of good sense and sound judgment, is not pushing; he has neither business capacity nor capital. Generally speaking, the Greek is fairly endowed with both. The Turks have very few schools, and such as they contrive to maintain are miserably inefficient. The MR. RIDER HAGGARD AND HIS CRITICS. Greeks are munificent supporters of THE following letter from Mr. H. Rider schools, and spare no money to render Haggard appears in the Times of Wednesthem efficient. The Moslem, again, is but day: "On returning from abroad I find a poor handicraftsman, and, of course, myself confronted with a box full of newsknows nothing of Western methods or paper cuttings, most of which bear in some devices for economizing labor. The new way or another on my alleged offences comers, trained after the European fash- against the unwritten laws of literature. ion, are skilful and expeditious. Hence I have not read all these cuttings because the chief industries are in the hands of my strength has failed me, but I have the Greeks, as well as the more profitable mastered enough of them to show me that mechanical handicrafts. Even the silk in many instances they are not remarkable manufacture and dyeing is being monopo- for amiability of tone. Some assume that lized by the Europeans, leaving to the the charges recently made against me and Moslem only the commoner and less re- still more recently abandoned are true in munerative occupations—such as carpet substance and in fact. Among them, too, and saddle making, the manufacture of I find other 'strange cases.' I find that wooden boxes, wooden shoes, and boots Jess'is copied bodily from the work of of untanned leather. The Turk objects an unnamed and forgotten author. Afterto the management of caravans or pack-wards I find that this charge is abandoned. mules for inland carriage, and will have nothing to do with the sea; so that the commerce of the larger towns and seaports is entirely carried on by Greeks. Still more unfortunate for the Turk is the circumstance that he alone bears the burden of military service in the State. This, more perhaps than any other cause, operates to his disadvantage. He invariably marries young, at the age of eighteen usually; and two or three years afterwards he is torn away from his wife and child to serve in the army for an indefinite period. The Greek escapes all this, and thrives as well as multiplies. In the larger cities all the physicians, notaries, lawyers, and teachers are of the immigrant people. The Greek is industrious too, hard-working, and keen as a Jew in money-making.

The writer made a slight mistake. He meant that 'She' was copied, not ‘Jess.' I find, too (in many papers), that one of the scenes in 'Jess' comes from Treasure Island.' In both books some one listens and talks from behind a tree. Further, it seems that in this work 'Jess' I am indebted to M. Renan. Also I find it sug gested that in 'She' I have borrowed, not from 'The Epicurean,' but from the legend of Urashima, whatever that may be, which has, it seems, recently been translated by Mr. Kataoka, whoever he may be. It is because these and other changes have been and are still being so industriously spread that I venture, much as I dislike taking up your space, to ask you to print this letter. In the first place, as to the verses in 'Jess.' Those verses were sent

How many people, I ask, who have been impressed with the pomp and circumstance of the leading articles, the sensationally headed paragraphs, and all the loud artillery of advertised attack, will be likely to become acquainted with this most modest and retiring withdrawal? So convinced am I that they will be few that

some years ago by a friend who is now dead and whose original composition I understood them to be, and I put them into the mouth of Jess. I have only to add that I had no idea of appropriating them as my own. I do not write verses, and therefore the question never presented itself to my mind in the light in which it has been put before the public. But II wish again to state not only that I never sincerely regret having published the lines read a line of either The Epicurean' or as I did, not because under the circum- the poem 'Alciphron,' but also to give the stances I think that I did what was wrong, real source from which 'She was 'plabut because I did a thing that was open garized.' Some time ago a lady well acto misinterpretation. Everybody who quainted with Africa wrote me some notes knows me is, I think, aware that I am of native legends. One of them runs as quite incapable of wishing to take the follows: In the Sneeuw (Snow) Bergen, credit of the work of others. Those who Cape Colony, there are immense caves do not know me may, if they are unchar- which stretch on and on under the mounitable, come to a different conclusion. I tains and the end of which has never been regret that I should have thoughtlessly found. It is believed by both Boers and given them this opportunity, and more natives that in the last cave there is a than all I regret the wrong that I have spring of water, which, if one finds and unconsciously done to the real author of drinks of it, gives eternal youth. There the lines in question, whoever she or he are endless stories told of adventurous may be. Also I wish to take this oppor- parties in search of this water of life losing tunity to make some further acknowledg- their way, meeting dangers both ghostly ments. In my first novel, 'Dawn,' I have and bodily, and failing in their object at put some lines into the mouth of Angela. last. A newly married couple never reThose lines were written by my sister-in- turned from their search, and it was belaw, Mrs. John Haggard, and published lieved that harm had happened to them as they appear by her own wish. In 'She' because of the crimes the woman had I received the kind assistance of three committed in order to gain her husband. eminent and learned scholars in connec- She had killed her first husband and his tion with the inscriptions, but as I do not brother, whom by native law she would think that they would like me to print have had to marry, as she had no children, their names I refrain from doing so. In and she had bewitched the man (her sec'King Solomon's Mines' some foreign ond husband) so that he followed her about gentleman whose name I forget translated like a shadow and did everything he was the inscription into Portuguese. A tri- told by her.' Here I found the germ of fling consideration of 5s. passed upon the She.' It will be seen that, without wishoccasion, but perhaps my assailants willing to lay any particular claim to originalsay that I should have acknowledged his ity, I may fairly say that I have to some labors. And now I pass on to the charge extent developed the idea. These charges against She.' This charge has lately of plagiarism are easy to make and difficult been abandoned. But how has it been to disprove. It is quite impossible for abandoned? In a paragraph under the anybody to write anything that does not head of Literary and Art Notes, etc.,' the in some way touch on ground which has journal which has headed the hunt against already been trodden by others. The hume prints my denial, and states that such man mind is limited and unchangeable; it parallel passages as exist in the two books never thinks a new thought. The most are an instance, it is now settled, not of that it can hope to do is to present an old imitation, but of literary coincidence.' | one in a new aspect."

ELECTRIC LIGHTING AT WINDSOR CASTLE. | the North Terrace. The incandescent lamps The electric light installation at Windsor Castle has, it is believed, been arranged in order that the queen may be able to judge of its effect, and the current will be supplied by the dynamo machinery in the chamber under

have only been hung in a portion of the palace, but should her Majesty approve the lighting it may probably be extended to other apartments in the castle.

Electrical Review.

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