σαρξ. In this sense also it may be used either definitely or indefiritely.

5. A third meaning arises by abstracting the spiritual principle from body or matter, with which in man it is associated: hence is deduced the idea of the immaterial agents, whom we denominate spirits. Thus Luke xxiv. 39. vεuua σapna 271 05EX OUR EXE....It is evident that the word, in this acceptation, must admit both of a definite and indefinite sense.

and πνεύμα άγιον are in this sense always anarthrous; the case of renewed mention, or other reference, being of course excepted. The expressions of being filled with the Holy Ghost,' receiving the Holy Ghost,' &c. justify this observation.

"6. The sixth meaning, or rather class of meanings for they are several-comprises whatever is deducible from the last acceptation, being, not the influences of the Spirit, but the effects of them: under which head we may range vɛup in the "4. But the word oua is used seuses of disposition, character, faith, in a sense not differing from the virtue, religion, &c.: and also whenformer, except that it is here em- ever it is used to signify evil proployed, xal' ɛto, to denote the pensities or desires; with this difgreat and pre-eminent Spirit, the ference only, that these latter must third person in the Trinity: and in be supposed to arise from the influthis acceptation, it is worthy of re-ence of the evil spirit. In all these mark, that yɛgua or #vɛupa dyiov is senses the article is inserted or never anarthrous; except, indeed, omitted according to the circumin cases where other terms, confess- stances. edly the most definite, become anarthrons, from some cause alleged in The Inquiry on the Greek Article...... It may here be briefly noticed, that, In the passages which, from their ascribing personal acts to the mapa y, are usually adduced to prove the personality of the blessed Spirit, the words TVεupa and TVεua dy invariably have the article;-Mark i. 15; Luke iii. 20; John i. 32; Acts i. 16, and xx. 28; Eph. iv. 20; Mark xiii. 11; Acts x. 19; xxviii. 25; 1 Tim. iv. 1; Heb. iii. 7. &c. The reason of this is obvious; for, there being but one Holy Spirit, he could not be spoken of indefinitely. In Matt. also, xxviii. 19, where the Holy Spirit is associated with the Father and the Son, the reading is; rou dylou mysuma

"5. The fifth sense of THEUμa is ely deducible from the fourth; ng here, not the person of the Holy Ghost, but his influence or opecon. And in this meaning a rearkable difference may be observed, with respect to the article. Though the Holy Spirit himself is but one, his influences and operations may be many hence yua CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 100.

"Now, if we put together the consequence of what has been shewn under the fourth and fifth heads, we shall perceive the futility of pretending that the Holy Spirit is, as some aver, merely an influence: the sacred writers have clearly, and in strict conformity with the analogy of language, distinguished the influence from the person of the Spirit. In like manner the personality of the Holy Spirit is deducible, by comparing the third and fourth heads: for if Teva, in the passages adduced under the third, mean a spiritual agent; To Eva in the places referred to under the fourth, where there is no renewed mention, nor any article, but the use of it xar COMTY, other possible interpretation of the can only mean the one spiritual Agent of acknowledged and pre-eminent dignity. But the personality of

vevua, under the third head, cannot be disputed, unless by those who would controvert the personality of 6 Sos: the personality, therefore, of To vsupa, used xaî' ɛğoxy, must be conceded.

"With respect to the place in St. Matthew which has given rise to the note, it is impossible to prove 2 H

incontestably, that the Holy Spirit in the personal acceptation is here meant, inasmuch as the preposition may have occasioned the omission of the articles."

frequently signifies in his mind or spirit. This inquiry, however, has led me to observe, that then the preposition is always omitted. Besides, of EV TW TVEUuali, meaning In Matt. iii. 11, He shall bap-by the agency of the Holy Spirit,' tize you with the Holy Ghost and, we have an instance in this Evanwith fire.' The original is, Ev TVEU- gelist, ii. 27. If to these consideraμαζι άγιω και πυρι. Here the nean- tions we add, that Matthew and ing of ayiw TVεual cannot be in- Mark, in the parallel passages, have ferred, from the want of the article. expressed themselves less equivo"There can, however, be little cally, we need not hesitate to underdoubt, that the fifth sense (see the stand EV TW TVsual in the personal preceding note) is the true one, be- sense.' cause πνευμα joined with άγιον las only two senses; and the Holy Spirit in his personal acceptation cannot well be associated with fire. In the connection of fire with the influence of the Spirit, there is nothing unnatural or violent."

Luke i. 15, Shall be filled with the Holy Ghost πνευματος you-that is, with the influence of the Holy Spirit.

Luke i. 35. The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee'. - πνευμα aylov. "This is commonly understood," says Dr. Middleton," in the personal sense. A divine influence equally well suits the occasion, and conforms better with the general usage: and, indeed, δυναμις ύψισου, in the next clause, appears to be explanatory of TVEUμa ayor in the present."

Luke iv. ). Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness?—EV TW YEUual." It is not universally agreed in what sense TVEUμa is here to be taken.......I am inclined to interpret πνευμα of the person called the Holy Spirit, and to make av equivalent to ro, signifying through the agency of, a common Hebraism. Once, indeed, I was of opinion, that the hypothesis which some critics have adopted, of our Saviour's temptation being a visionary, not a real transaction, was favoured by this expression of St. Luke; for Tw Yeuμah

John xx. 22. Receive ye the Holy Ghost'-λaßele Taupa ayım. The MSS. uniformly omit the article, the meaning being, the in fluence of the Spirit."

Acts vi. 10. They could not resist the wisdom and the spirit with which he spake 'T VEUμall

Here, though the article is prefixed, Tvsvua must be taken for the influence of the Spirit, or inspiration. The article is inserted in reference to w ɛλ¤λɛ, immediately subjoined.”

Acts x. 58. Hath anointed with the Holy Ghost'-VEUμalı ay "This is a good example of what was noticed on Matt. i. 18, under the fifth head. In ver. 47, where it ie το πνεύμα το άγιον, who have received the Holy Ghost,' may be understood in reference, viz. to the recent dispensation of divine gifts. this may be inferred from xx και ήμεις.”

The preceding extracts have bee selected, not merely for the just an ingenious criticism which they ex hibit, but for the importance of th topics to which they relate.-Gran ville Sharpe's Rule, and Stricture on the received Version of the Ne Testament, and on certain attemp to correct it, supply ample m terials for another article in th Christian Observer.

(To be continued.)

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE,

GREAT BRITAIN.

&c. &c.

In the press: A new edition, with considerable additions, of Practical Observations in Surgery, illustrated by Cases and Engravings, by Mr. Hey of Leeds;-The Lady of the Lake, a poem in six cantos, by Walter Scott:-The Works complete of the late Rev. Joseph Milner, of Hull, in eight 8vo. vols.: the whole revised, and an Account of the Author prefixed, by his Brother, the Dean of Carlisle ;-Sermons on the Person and Office of the Redeemer, and on the Faith and Practice of the Redeemed, by the Rev. W. Jesse ;- Works of the Rev. T. Townson, D. D. late Archdeacon of Richmond: with an Account of the Author, by the Rev. Ralph Churton;— and, Elements of the Art of War, by Dr. W. Muller.

NEW TESTAMENT FOR THE JEWS.

The following authentic and interesting communication, from Cambridge, reached as too late to appear in an earlier part of the work; and we are unwilling to withhold it for another month from our readers.

"Mr. Yeates, of Oxford, has been employed for some months past in arranging and collating the Oriental Manuscripts, chiefly in the Hebrew and Syriac languages, lately brought from the East by the Rev. Dr. Buchanan, and now deposited in the blic library of the University of Cambridge. Mr. Yeates is author of the Hebrew Grammar with Points; and has recently finished a work which has occupied his attention some years--namely, a translation of the Gospels into the Hebrew tague. It is remarkable, that in Dr. Buchanan's collection there should be two manuscript copies of the New Testament in Hebrew, both written in the East. One of them was executed by a learned Rabbi of India, about 150 years ago, who was an adversary to the Christian faith, for the purpose of controverting the facts and doctines, and of defending the Jews of Cochin gainst the evangelical arguments of their neighbours, the Syrian Christians. It is related, that, after he had finished his work, be himself became a convert to its divine truth. This manuscript is in his own handwriting, with the original erasures and in

terlineations. It is supposed that he translated from a copy of the New Testament in the Syriac language. A version executed under such circumstances by an enemyby a Jew who was a stranger to European learning, and to the arguments against Christianity maintained by European Jews -must be curious and interesting in several of its parts; particularly in the Epistle to the Hebrews. As soon as the collations from this and other manuscripts, for the benefit of Mr. Yeates's Version, are finished, a copy of the whole New Testament will probably be published, under the patronage of Dr. Buchanan, for the use of the Jews in Europe and India. — Dr. Buchanan brought from the East a printed copy of St. Matthew's Gospel in the Hebrew language and a copy of the whole New Testament in the Syriac language, printed in Hebrew characters; both works executed by the Propaganda of Rome, about two centuries ago. If any of the Readers of the Christian Observer can refer Mr. Yeates to any other aids in the prosecution of his work, the communication will be thankfully received."

A society has been lately formed at Liverpool, for preventing wanton cruelty to brute animals. Its great object is to meliorate the state of brute animals by preventing those sufferings which they unnecessarily experience at the hand of man.

The sum of 1000!. was lately paid to the Exchequer by the direction of Mr. Perceval, to whom it had been sent in an anonymous letter, describing it to be the amount of

certain duties which had been omitted to
be paid, and of which the person who sent
it was anxious not to defraud the public.
A sum of 2001., received in a similar
manner, was paid into the Exchequer some
time ago.
Let not the example be lost on
Christians.

The total extraordinary expenses of the expedition to the Scheldt have been laid before the House of Commons. They amount to 834,2751. An additional charge was incurred by the occupation of Walcheren, after the further prosecution of the objects of the expedition had been abandoned, amounting

to a little more than 200,0001.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.