RULE 18. AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTAL PLEADINGS

(a) Amendments: A party may amend his pleading once as
a matter of course, at any time before a responsive pleading is
served or, if the pleading is one to which no responsive pleading
is permitted, he may so amend it at any time within 30 days after
it is served. Otherwise a party may amend his pleading only by
leave of Court or by written consent of the adverse party; and
leave shall be freely given when justice so requires. A party
shall plead in response to an amended pleading within the time
remaining for response to the original pleading or within 30 days
after service of the amended pleading, whichever period may be
the longer, unless the Court otherwise orders.

(b) Amendments to Conform to the Evidence: When issues
not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent
of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects as if they had
been raised in the pleadings. Such amendments of the pleadings
as may be necessary to cause them to conform to the evidence and
to raise these issues may be made upon motion of any party at
any time, even after judgment; but failure so to amend does not
affect the result of the trial of these issues. If evidence is ob-
jected to at the trial on the ground that it is not within the issues
made by the pleadings, the Commissioner before whom the case
is being tried may receive the evidence and the Court may allow
the pleadings to be amended and shall do so freely when the
presentation of the merits of the action will be subserved thereby
and the objecting party fails to satisfy the Court that the admis-
sion of such evidence will prejudice him in maintaining his action
or defense upon the merits. The Commissioner shall afford the
objecting party an opportunity to meet such evidence.

(c) Relation Back of Amendments: Whenever the claim or
defense asserted in the amended pleading arose out of the con-
duct, transaction, or occurrence set forth or attempted to be set
forth in the original pleading, the amendment relates back to the
date of the original pleading.

(d) Supplemental Pleadings: Upon motion of a party the
Court may, upon reasonable notice and upon such terms as are
just, permit him to serve a supplemental pleading setting forth
transactions or occurrences or events which have happened since
the date of the pleading sought to be supplemented. If the
Court deems it advisable that the adverse party plead thereto,
it shall so order, specifying the time therefor.

(e) Amendments to Printed Pleadings: Amendments to a
printed pleading shall be printed and shall show clearly how the
pleading is to stand amended. Any amendment shall comply
with the requirements of Rule 10, including a designation both
in the body and on the back of such amendment naming the
pleading and indicating whether the amendment is the first,
second, or subsequent amended pleading. The same number of
copies of the amendments shall be filed as in the case of the
original pleading. Except when otherwise ordered by the
Court no part of the original pleading need be reprinted except
such portions thereof as it is necessary to print in the amendments
for reasons of clarity.

(f) Amended Typewritten Pleadings: In case the original
pleading has not been printed, an amended typewritten pleading
shall be filed which shall contain all provisions of the pleading as
amended and shall comply with the provisions of Rule 10, in-
cluding a designation whether it is the first, second, or subsequent
amended pleading. The same number of copies shall be filed
as in the case of the original typewritten pleading.

RULE 19. THIRD-PARTY PRACTICE

(a) When Third Parties May Be Brought In: The Court on
its own motion or on the motion of either party may (1) notify
any and all persons with legal capacity to sue and be sued and
who appear to have an interest in the subject matter of any pend-
ing suit to appear as a party or parties and assert their interest
therein; or (2) on motion of the Attorney General may summon
any such third person or persons against whom the United States

may be asserting a claim or contingent claim for the recovery of money paid by the United States in respect of the transaction or matter which constitutes the subject matter of the suit to appear as a party or parties and defend their interest, if any, in such suit. Such motion if made by plaintiff shall be filed at the time the petition is filed; if made by the United States, it shall be filed on or before the date on which it is required to answer.

(b) Motion for Notice to Third Parties: Either party desiring to bring in a third party shall file with the Clerk a written motion, which shall comply with the requirements of Rule 7 and in addition shall

(1) State the name and address of such person or persons, if known;

(2) If the address of such person or persons is unknown, or if such person or persons reside outside the jurisdiction of the United States, or there is good reason why personal service on such person or persons cannot be had, be accompanied by an affidavit showing why personal service cannot be had on such person or persons and stating the last known address of such person or persons;

(3) Set forth the interest which such person or persons appear to have in the suit;

(4) Be accompanied by one copy of each pleading theretofore filed in the suit for each person to be notified.

(c) Issuance and Service of Notice: (1) If the Court on its own motion or on the motion of either party orders any third person or persons to be notified, pursuant to paragraphs (a) and (b) of this rule, the Clerk shall issue an original and one copy of notice for each third person to be notified. The notice shall contain the names of the parties, a statement of the time within which such third person is required to appear, and shall state that in case the third party fails to appear and assert a claim in the subject matter of the suit, his claim or interest therein shall forever be barred. The notice shall indicate that

it is accompanied by a copy or copies of the pleadings filed in said suit, naming such pleadings.

(2) Upon the issuance of such notice upon motion of a party, the notice with the accompanying pleadings shall be delivered by the Clerk to the moving party, who shall at his expense cause the same to be served by the United States Marshal for the judicial district wherein the person or persons to be notified may be found and the return of such service shall be made directly to the Clerk of this Court.

(3) When the Court directs the issuance of a notice to a third person or persons on its own motion, each of the existing parties shall, on request of the Clerk, deliver to the Clerk a sufficient number of copies of pleadings filed by such party to provide the third party to be notified with a copy of each of such pleadings, and the Clerk shall forthwith issue such notice as specified in subparagraph (1) of paragraph (c) of this rule, and shall forward the same with accompanying copies of the pleadings to the Attorney General for service by the United States Marshal in the judicial district where the person to be notified may be found.

(d) Service of Notice by Publication: Where, upon motion of a party, the Court directs the issuance of a notice to a person or persons upon whom personal service cannot be had, the moving party shall cause such notice to be published in a newspaper of general circulation in a place designated in the Court's order, for a specified time, not less than once in each of four successive weeks. On or before the day of the first publication, the moving party shall send a copy of the notice by registered mail to such person at his last known address and shall file with the Clerk an affidavit showing such mailing. The moving party shall procure an affidavit of the publisher showing that publication of the notice has been had as required by the Court's order and file such affidavit with the Clerk who shall make an entry on his docket that publication has been had. The affidavit of mailing and the publisher's affidavit, together with the Clerk's entry,

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shall constitute proof of service by publication. Service shall be deemed complete on the date of the last publication. The costs of such service by publication shall be paid by the party at whose instance it was made.

(e) Motion for Summons to Third Parties: When the United States is asserting a claim for damages or other demands against a third person or persons for the recovery of money paid by the United States in respect of the transaction or matter which constitutes the subject matter of any pending suit and desires to have such third person or persons brought in, it shall file a written motion which shall comply with the requirements of subparagraphs (1), (3), and (4) of paragraph (b) of this rule and shall further briefly describe the claim or contingent claim which the United States is asserting against such third person or persons. At the time the motion is filed the United States shall also file an appropriate pleading setting forth, in the form and manner specified in Rule 17, the claim or contingent claim which it is asserting against such third person or persons.

(f) Issuance and Service of Summons: If the Court, on motion of the United States, summons a third person or persons pursuant to paragraphs (a) and (e) of this rule to answer a claim or contingent claim asserted by the United States, the Clerk shall issue an original and one copy of such summons for each person to be summoned. The summons shall contain the names of the parties and a statement of the time within which the party summoned is required to appear and answer. The summons also shall state that the United States is asserting a claim against such person as described in the accompanying pleading of the United States and shall further state that if such third person fails to appear and answer the claim asserted by the United States judgment pro confesso may be entered against such third person upon the claim of the United States to the same extent as if said third person had appeared and admitted the truth of all the allegations made on behalf of the United States. The summons shall indicate that it is accompanied by a copy or copies of all pleadings