Contents (Titles supplied; the four documents are not captioned in the original.) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, GEORGE WASHINGTON ΤΟ THE 67 Note on Typography With a single exception, the four documents which follow are reproduced accurately from the original copy in possession of the Government of the United States, described on pages 56 and 61. The exception is the substitution of the curved "s" for the "long s" (f) which is used in the original. The old symbol is confusing to modern readers, and it was going out of fashion in 1787. The Caslon type foundry ceased to cast it in new fonts in 1786. Key words the first word of the following page-are carried in the righthand lower margin of each page in reminiscence of the practice in 1787. In the 4-page double column folio of the original the key words are: Page 1, "Sect. 8" of Article I; page 2, "services," in the phrase "receive for his services" in Article II, Section 1, Paragraph 7; and page 3, "The", first word of Article VI, Paragraph 3 of the Constitution. The reproduction of the four documents is in 12-point Caslon Old Style type, set in 22 pica measure (3% inches), similar to the way the original columns were set. WE the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America. Sect. I. ARTICLE ALL I. LL legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. [Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths three-fifths of all other persons.] The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of NewHampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New-Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North-Carolina five, South-Carolina five, and Georgia three.2 When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, [chosen by the legislature thereof,]3 for six years; and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the senators 1 The sentence in heavy brackets was replaced by section 2 of article of amendment XIV. 2 For the apportionment of Representatives based on the First to Seventeenth Censuses (1790-1950), see 87th Cong., 1st sess., Official Congressional Directory, 338, and Senate Manual, 1961, section 974 (Sen. Doc. 2, 87th Cong., 1st sess.). The method of equal proportions is described in Sen. Doc. 304, 76th Cong., 3d sess.; Serial 10469. 3 Paragraph 1 of article of amendment XVII was adopted "in lieu of the first paragraph of section three of Article I" according to the joint resolution of the Congress proposing the amendment (37 Stat. 646). senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; [and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.] No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall chuse their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless 4 Paragraph 2 of article of amendment XVII was adopted "in lieu of so much of paragraph two of the same article as relates to the filling of vacancies" according to the joint resolution of the Congress proposing the amendment (37 Stat. 646). |