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the time such clerks entered upon the discharge of their duties, which shall be ascertained and evidenced by the certificate of the chairman of the several committees employing clerks for the session only. (24 Stat. 342.)

This was a joint resolution entitled "Joint Resolution fixing the time when the pay of certain clerks of committees of House of Representatives shall begin."

§ 73. (Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1.) Janitors to committees of House of Representatives; appointment; duties; removal. Janitors under the foregoing shall be appointed by the chairmen, respectively, of said committees, and shall perform under the direction of the Doorkeeper all of the duties heretofore required of messengers detailed to said committees by the Doorkeeper, and shall be subject to removal by the Doorkeeper at any time after the termination of the Congress during which they were appointed. (37 Stat. 744.)

This was a provision accompanying appropriations for clerks, messengers, and janitors to certain specified committees of the House of Representatives in the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act for the fiscal year 1914, cited above.

The words at the beginning of this provision, "Janitors under the foregoing," refer to janitors provided for by said preceding appropriations, and the words "said committees" refer to the committees specified therein. While the appropriations are for the fiscal year 1914 only, this provision as to manner of appointment of, and performance of duties, etc., by janitors may be applicable to those provided for in like manner by subsequent appropriations.

§ 74. (Act March 2, 1895, c. 177, § 1.) Clerks to Senators.

Hereafter Senators elected, whose term of office begins on the fourth day of March, and whose credentials in due form of law shall have been presented to the Senate, or filed with the Secretary, but who have not been qualified, are authorized to appoint a clerk to serve from the date of the commencement of their terms, respectively, whose compensation shall be paid out of the appropriation for clerks to Senators who are not chairmen of committees. (28 Stat. 766.)

This was a proviso annexed to the usual appropriation for "annual clerks to Senators who are not chairmen of committees," in the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act for the fiscal year 1896, cited above. A similar proviso, without the word "hereafter," was annexed to the like appropriation for the preceding year, Act July 31, 1894, c. 174, § 1, 28 Stat. 164.

The appropriation for clerks to Senators who are not chairmen of committees, referred to in the last clause of this provision, has been made annually since the fiscal year 1886. See Act March 3, 1885, c. 343, § 1, 23 Stat. 390, and subsequent similar appropriation acts. The recent appropriations are for 30 annual clerks at $2,000 each, and also for 23 stenographers to such Senators, and 3 stenographers to the chairmen of three minority committees, at $1,200 each. The provision for the fiscal year 1914 was by Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1, 37 Stat. 742. A subsequent provision for 23 stenographers to Senators, from December 1, 1913, to June 30, 1914, at the rate of $1,200 per annum each, "for Senators having less than three employés in connection with their official work," was made by the urgent deficiency act of Oct. 22, 1913, c. 32, 38 Stat. 226.

The committees of the Senate entitled to clerks were enumerated in R. S. § 52; but the actual numbers and salaries of such clerks depend upon the annual appropriation acts. The provision for the fiscal year 1914 was by Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1, 37 Stat. 739.

§ 75. (Res. March 3, 1893, No. 21.) Clerks to Members and Delegates of House of Representatives.

On and after April first, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, each Member and Delegate of the House of Representatives of the United States may, on the first day of every month during sessions of Congress certify to the Clerk of the House of Representatives the amount which he has paid or agreed to pay for clerk hire necessarily employed by him in the discharge of his official and representative duties during the previous month, and the amount so certified shall be paid by the Clerk out of the contingent fund of the House on the fourth day of each month to the person or persons named in each of said certificates so filed: Provided, That the amount so certified and paid for clerical services rendered to each Member and Delegate shall not exceed one hundred dollars for any month during the session: And provided further, That the provisions of this resolution shall not apply to members who are chairmen of committees entitled under the rules to a clerk. (27 Stat. 757.)

This was a joint resolution entitled "Joint Resolution authorizing members to certify monthly the amount paid by them for clerk hire, and directing the same to be paid out of the contingent fund of the House."

The last proviso of this resolution, that it shall not apply to members who are chairmen of committees entitled to a clerk, was superseded by provisions that such members shall be entitled to the same allowance for clerk hire as other members, made by Act July 7, 1898, c. 571, § 1, post, § 76.

See, also, notes referring to the subject of this resolution under said provisions of Act July 7, 1898, post, § 76.

§ 76. (Act July 7, 1898, c. 571, § 1.) Clerks to members of House of Representatives.

Hereafter Members of the House of Representatives who are chairmen of committees entitled to annual clerks shall be entitled to the same allowance for clerk hire as is authorized to other Members of the House of Representatives who are not chairmen of committees by the Joint Resolution approved March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and by House Resolution passed May eighth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six; and the appropriation for clerk hire to Members and Delegates made in the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation Act for the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety-nine is hereby made available to pay such clerkhire as herein provided: Provided, That this provision shall apply to members of committees entitled to annual clerks, during the vacation of Congress only. (30 Stat. 687.)

This was a provision of the deficiency appropriation act for the fiscal year 1898, cited above.

The joint resolution referred to therein was Res. March 3, 1893, No. 21, ante, § 75.

The House resolution of May 8, 1896, also referred to, was as follows: "Resolved, That the Clerk of the House of Representatives be, and he is hereby, authorized to pay out of the contingent fund of the House to each Member and Delegate for annual clerk hire an amount not exceeding the sum of $100 per month, to be certified by them on the first day of each calendar month in the manner provided in the joint resolution approved March 3, 1893: Provided, That the provisions of this resolution shall not apply to members who are chairmen of committees entitled under the rules to annual

clerks." Congressional Record, 54th Congress, 1st Sess., part 5, pp. 4990, 4998. The appropriation for clerk hire for the fiscal year 1899, also referred to in this provision, was that made by Act March 15, 1898, c. 68, § 1, 30 Stat. 282. The legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act of each subsequent year made a similar appropriation. To each of these appropriations was added a clause extending the benefit of the particular appropriation to Representatives and Delegates elect. The later acts, instead of the appropriation contained in previous acts, "to pay Members and Delegates the amounts which they certify they have paid or agreed to pay for clerk hire," as provided by Res. March 3, 1893, No. 21, ante, § 75, the first proviso of which limited the amount so that it should not exceed $100 for any month during the session, made an appropriation to each Member and Delegate for clerk hire of $1,500 per annum, in monthly installments, or so much thereof as may be necessary. Recent acts also provided for such payment to each Resident Commissioner as well as to each Member and Delegate; and a proviso was added requiring all such clerks to be placed on the roll of employés of the House.

The provision for the fiscal year 1914, by Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1, 37 Stat. 746, was as follows:

"Clerk hire, Members and Delegates: To pay each Member, Delegate, and Resident Commissioner, for clerk hire, necessarily employed by him in the discharge of his official and representative duties, $1,500 per annum, in monthly installments, $660,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary; and Representatives and Delegates elect to Congress whose credentials in due form of law have been duly filed with the Clerk of the House of Representatives, in accordance with the provisions of section thirty-one of the Revised Statutes of the United States, shall be entitled to payment under this appropriation: Provided, That all clerks to Members, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners shall be placed on the roll of employees of the House and be subject to be removed at the will of the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner by whom they are appointed; and any Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may appoint one or more clerks, who shall be placed on the roll as the clerk of such Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner making such appointments."

The committees of the House entitled to clerks were enumerated in R. S. § 53; but the actual numbers and salaries of such clerks depend upon the annual appropriation acts. The provision for the fiscal year 1914 was by Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1, 37 Stat. 744.

§ 77. (R. S. § 54.) Reporters for House of Representatives. No person shall be employed as a reporter for the House of Representatives without the approval of the Speaker.

Act April 2, 1872, c. 79, § 3, 17 Stat. 47.

§ 78. (Act June 22, 1874, c. 388, § 1.) Pay of official reporters. Hereafter the pay of the official reporters of the proceedings and debates of each House shall be fifty thousand dollars for each Congress; and the pay of official reporters of committees of the House shall be five thousand dollars each per annum, and this shall be in lieu of all other compensation for such services in reporting the proceedings of each and all of said committees. (18 Stat. 145.)

This provision of the deficiency appropriation act of 1874 was annexed to the appropriation therein for payment of the official reporters of the House. Appropriations for reporting the proceedings and debates of each house are regularly made at each session. The provisions for 1914 were by Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1, 37 Stat. 742, 746.

§ 79. (R. S. § 55.) Chaplains' salaries.

The salaries of the Chaplains of the two Houses of Congress are payable as follows: one-twelfth thereof on the last day of each month

during each regular session of Congress, and the residue at the end of each regular session.

Act Aug. 4, 1854, c. 242, § 12, 10 Stat. 573. Res. March 3, 1857, No. 14, 11 Stat. 255.

For each Chaplain, the recent appropriations are $1,200. The provisions for the fiscal year 1914 were by Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1, 37 Stat. 739, 743.

§ 80. (R. S. § 56.) Secretary of the Senate a disbursing officer. The moneys which may be appropriated for the compensation of members and officers, and for the contingent expenses of the Senate, shall be paid at the Treasury, on requisitions drawn by the Secretary of the Senate, and shall be kept, disbursed, and accounted for by him according to law, and the Secretary shall be deemed a disbursing officer.

Act Feb. 10, 1854, c. 11, § 1, 10 Stat. 267.

Certificates of salary and accounts of Senators were provided for by R. S. §§ 47, 48, ante, §§ 49, 50; and their passage as public accounts, and payment out of the public Treasury, were provided for by R. S. § 46, ante, § 48.

When such disbursements cannot be lawfully made by or through the officer specially charged therewith, the Treasurer of the United States is authorized to make them, by Act June 22, 1882, c. 236, post, § 479.

The fiscal year for the adjustment of the accounts of the Secretary of the Senate extends to July 3, under R. S. § 237, post, § 369.

The Secretary of the Senate was excepted from the requirement that disbursing officers shall render their accounts quarterly, imposed by Act Aug. 30, 1890, c. 837, § 4, post, § 6617.

The annual appropriation for the Secretary of the Senate includes compensation as disbursing officer. The provision for the fiscal year 1914 was by Act March 4, 1913, c. 142, § 1, 37 Stat. 739.

§ 81. (R. S. § 57.) Bond of Secretary of the Senate.

The Secretary of the Senate shall, within thirty days after entering upon the duties of his office, and before making any requisition upon the Treasury to draw any portion of the moneys appropriated for the compensation of members and officers or the contingent expenses of the Senate, give a bond to the United States, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the First Comptroller of the Treasury, in the penal sum of twenty thousand dollars, with condition for the faithful application and disbursement of such funds as may be drawn by him from the Treasury as disbursing officer of the Senate.

Act Feb. 10, 1854, c. 11, § 2, 10 Stat. 267. Act Feb. 23, 1815, c. 51, § 1, 3 Stat. 212.

See note to R. S. § 59, post, § 83.

§ 82. (R. S. § 58.) Bond of Clerk of the House.

The Clerk of the House of Representatives shall, within thirty days after entering upon the duties of his office, and before making any requisition upon the Treasury to draw any portion of the moneys appropriated for the contingent expenses of the House, give a bond to the United States, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the First Comptroller of the Treasury, in the penal sum of twenty thousand dollars, with condition for the faithful application and disbursement of such portions of the contingent fund of the House as shall come into his hands.

Act Feb. 23, 1815, c. 51, § 1, 3 Stat. 212.

See note to R. S. § 59, post, § 83.

§ 83. (R. S. § 59.) Custody of bonds.

The bonds given pursuant to the two preceding sections shall be deposited in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury.

Act Feb. 23, 1815, c. 51, § 1, 3 Stat. 212. Act Feb. 10, 1854, c. 11, § 2, 10 Stat. 267.

The First Comptroller of the Treasury was designated Comptroller of the Treasury by the Dockery Act of July 31, 1894, c. 174, § 4, post, § 402. The custody of these bonds, and the duties of the Comptroller in regard thereto, were transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury by Act March 2, 1895, c. 177, § 5, post, § 3288.

§ 84. (R. S. § 60.) Reports of Secretary and Clerk.

The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall prepare and submit to the two Houses, respectively, at the commencement of each session of Congress, the following statements in writing:

First. A statement showing the names of all the clerks and other persons who have been, during the preceding year or any part thereof, employed in their respective offices, and those of the messengers of the respective Houses; together with the time that each clerk or other person and each messenger was actually employed, and the sums paid to each. This statement must also show whether such clerks or other persons, or such messengers, have been usefully employed; whether the services of any of them can be dispensed with without detriment to the public service, and whether the removal of any particular persons, and the appointment of others in their stead, is required for the better dispatch of business.

Second. A detailed statement, by items, of the manner in which the contingent fund for each House has been expended during the preceding year. This statement must give the names of every person to whom any portion of the fund has been paid; and if for anything furnished, the quantity and price; and if for any services rendered, the nature of such service, and the time employed, and the particular occasion or cause, in brief, that rendered such service necessary, and the amount of all former appropriations in each case on hand, either in the Treasury or in the hands of any disbursing officer or agent.

Act Aug. 26, 1842, c. 202, §§ 11, 20, 5 Stat. 525, 527.

The authority for payments from the contingent funds of the two Houses, respectively, was prescribed by R. S. § 76, which was superseded by subsequent provisions, post, §§ 108-111.

§ 85. (R. S. § 61.) What to exhibit.

Each of the statements required by the preceding section shall exhibit, also, the several sums drawn by the Secretary and Clerk, respectively, from the Treasury, and the balances, if any, remaining in their hands.

Res. March 1, 1823, No. 1, 3 Stat. 789.

A similar statement was required from the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House, by Act Oct. 1, 1890, c. 1256, § 7, post, § 104.

§ 86. (R. S. § 62.) Reports of subordinate disbursing officers. The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall each require of the disbursing officers acting under

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