exceed $200 in the case of an individual or family, or $3,000 in the case of a business concern (including the operation of a farm) or nonprofit organization. In the case of a business (including the operation of a farm) and in the case of a nonprofit organization, the allowable expenses for transportation under this subsection shall not exceed the cost of moving 50 miles from the point from which such business or organization is being displaced. Such rules and regulations may include provisions authorizing reimbursement for payments made to individuals and families of fixed amounts (not to exceed $200 in any case) in lieu of their respective reasonable and necessary moving expenses.

(e) This section shall apply only with respect to projects approved under section 106 of this title after the date of enactment of this section.49

Sec. 134. Transportation planning in certain urban areas

It is declared to be in the national interest to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems, embracing various modes of transport in a manner that will serve the States and local communities efficiently and effectively. To accomplish this objective the Secretary shall cooperate with the States, as authorized in this title, in the development of long-range highway plans and programs which are properly coordinated with plans for improvements in other affected forms of transportation and which are formulated with due consideration to their probable effect on the future development of urban areas of more than fifty thousand population. After July 1, 1965, the Secretary shall not approve under section 105 of this title any program for projects in any urban area of more than fifty thousand population unless he finds that such projects are based on a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on cooperatively by States and local communities in conformance with the objectives stated in this section.50

Sec. 135. Highway safety programs

After December 31, 1967, each State should have a highway safety program, approved by the Secretary, designed to reduce traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting therefrom, on highways on the Federal-aid system. Such highway safety program should be in accordance with uniform standards approved by the Secretary and should include, but not be limited to, provisions for an effective accident records system, and measures calculated to improve driver performance, vehicle safety, highway design and maintenance, traffic control, and surveillance of traffic for detection and correction of high or potentially high accident locations.50a Sec. 136. Control of junkyards

(a) The Congress hereby finds and declares that the establishment and use and maintenance of junkyards in areas adjacent to the Interstate System and the primary system should be controlled in order to protect the public investment in such highways, to promote the safety and recreational value of public travel, and to preserve natural beauty. (b) Federal-aid highway funds apportioned on or after January 1,

19 New sec. added by sec. 5(a) of Public Law 87-866, Oct. 23, 1962 (76 Stat. 1145). 50 New sec. added by sec. 9(a) of Public Law 87-866, Oct. 23, 1962 (76 Stat. 1145). 50a New sec. added by sec. 4 of Public Law 89-139, Aug. 28, 1965 (79 Stat, 578).

1968, to any State which the Secretary determines has not made provision for effective control of the establishment and maintenance along the Interstate System and the primary system of outdoor junkyards, which are within one thousand feet of the nearest edge of the right-of-way and visible from the main traveled way of the system, shall be reduced by amounts equal to 10 per centum of the amounts which would otherwise be apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title, until such time as such State shall provide for such effective control. Any amount which is withheld from apportionment to any State hereunder shall be reapportioned to the other States. Whenever he determines it to be in the public interest, the Secretary may suspend, for such periods as he deems necessary, the application of this subsection to a State.

(c) Effective control means that by January 1, 1968, such junkyards shall be screened by natural objects, plantings, fences, or other appropriate means so as not to be visible from the main traveled way of the system, or shall be removed from sight.

(d) The term "junk" shall mean old or scrap paper, copper, brass, rope, rags, batteries, paper, trash, rubber debris, waste, or junked, dismantled, or wrecked automobiles, or parts thereof, iron, steel, and other old or scrap ferrous or nonferrous material.

(e) The term "automobile graveyard" shall mean any establishment or place of business which is maintained, used, or operated for storing, keeping, buying, or selling wrecked, scrapped, ruined, or dis mantled motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts.

(f) The term "junkyard" shall mean an establishment or place of business which is maintained, operated, or used for storing, keeping, buying, or selling junk, or for the maintenance or operation of an automobile graveyard, and the term shall include garbage dumps and sanitary fills.

(g) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, junkyards, auto graveyards, and scrap metal processing facilities may be operated within areas adjacent to the Interstate System and the primary system which are within one thousand feet of the nearest edge of the right-ofway and which are zoned industrial under authority of State law, or which are not zoned under authority of State law, but are used for industrial activities, as determined by the several States subject to approval by the Secretary.

(h) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, any junkyard in existence on the date of enactment of this section which does not conform to the requirements of this section and which the Secretary finds as a practical matter cannot be screened, shall not be required to be removed until July 1, 1970.

(i) The Federal share of landscaping and screening costs under this section shall be 75 percentum.

(j) Just compensation shall be paid the owner for the relocation, removal, or disposal of the following junkyards

(1) those lawfully in existence on the date of enactment of this subsection

(2) those lawfully along any highway made a part of the interstate or primary system on or after the enactment of this subsection and before January 1, 1968, and

(3) those lawfully established on or after January 1, 1968. The Federal share of such compensation shall be 75 per centum.

(k) All public lands or reservations of the United States which are adjacent to any portion of the interstate and primary systems shall be effectively controlled in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(1) Nothing in this section shall prohibit a State from establishing standards imposing stricter limitations with respect to outdoor junkyards on the Federal-aid highway systems than those established under this section.

(m) There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967. No part of the highway Trust Fund shall be available to carry out this section.50b

Chapter 2-OTHER HIGHWAYS

Sec. 201. Authorizations

The provisions of this title shall apply to all unappropriated authorizations contained in prior Acts, and also to all unexpended appropriations heretofore made, providing for the expenditure of Federal funds on the following classes of highways: Forest highways, forest development roads and trails, park roads and trails, parkways, Indian reservation roads, public lands highways, and defense access roads. All such authorizations and appropriations shall continue in full force and effect, but hereafter obligations entered into and expenditures made pursuant thereto shall be subject to the provisions of this title.

Sec. 202. Apportionment or allocation

(a) On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall apportion the sums authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for forest highways in the several States, according to the area and value of the land owned by the United States within the national forests therein, which the Secretary of Agriculture is directed to determine and certify to the Secretary from such information, sources, and departments as the Secretary of Agriculture may deem most accurate.

(b) Sums authorized to be appropriated for forest development roads and trails shall be allocated by the Secretary of Agriculture according to the relative needs of the various national forests, taking into consideration the existing transportation facilities, value of timber or other resources served, relative fire danger, and comparative difficulties of road and trail construction.

(c) Sums authorized to be appropriated for public lands highways shall be allocated by the Secretary among those States having unappropriated or unreserved public lands, nontaxable Indian lands, or other Federal reservations, on the basis of need in such States, respectively, as determined by the Secretary upon application of the State highway departments of the respective States. Preference shall be given to those projects which are located on a Federal-aid system.

50b New sec. added by sec. 201 of Public Law 89-285, Oct. 22, 1965 (79 Stat. 1030).

Sec. 203. Availability of funds

Funds authorized for forest highways, forest development roads and trails, public lands development roads and trails, park roads and trails, parkways, Indian reservation roads, and public lands highways shall be available for contract upon apportionment, or a date not earlier than one year preceding the beginning of the fiscal year for which authorized if no apportionment is required. Any amount remaining unexpended for a period of two years after the close of the fiscal year for which authorized shall lapse. The Secretary of the Department charged with the administration of such funds is granted authority to incur obligations, approve projects, and enter into contracts under such authorizations and his action in doing so shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for the payment of the cost thereof and such funds shall be deemed to have been expended when so obligated. Any funds heretofore or hereafter authorized for any fiscal year for forest highways, forest development roads and trails, public lands development roads and trails, park roads and trails, parkways, Indian roads, and public lands highways shall be deemed to have been expended if a sum equal to the total of the sums authorized for such fiscal year and previous fiscal years since and including the fiscal year ending June 30, 1955, shall have been obligated. Any of such funds released by payment of final voucher or modification of project authorizations shall be credited to the balance of unobligated authorizations and be immediately available for expenditure.51, 52

Sec. 204. Forest highways

(a) Funds available for forest highways shall be used by the Secretary to pay for the cost of construction and maintenance thereof. In connection therewith, the Secretary may enter into construction contracts and such other contracts with a State, or civil subdivision thereof as he deems advisable.

(b) Cooperation of States, counties, or other local subdivisions, may be accepted but shall not be required by the Secretary.

(c) Construction estimated to cost $5,000 or more per mile, exclusive of bridges, shall be advertised and let to contract. If such estimated cost is less than $5,000 per mile or if, after proper advertising, no acceptable bid is received or the bids are deemed excessive, the work may be done by the Secretary on his own account. For such purpose, the Secretary may purchase, lease, hire, rent, or otherwise obtain all necessary supplies, materials, tools, equipment, and facilities required to perform the work, and may pay wages, salaries, and other expenses for help employed in connection with such work.

(d) All appropriations for forest highways shall be administered in conformity with regulations jointly approved by the Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture.

(e) The Secretary shall transfer to the Secretary of Agriculture from appropriations for forest highways such amounts as may be needed to cover necessary administrative expenses of the Forest Service in connection with the forest-highway program.

61 Amended by sec. 8(b) of Public Law 86-657, July 14. 1960 (74 Stat. 522). 52 Amended by sec. 7 of Public Law 87-866, Oct. 23, 1962 (76 Stat. 1145).

(f) Funds available for forest highways shall be available for adjacent vehicular parking areas and for sanitary, water, and fire control facilities.

Sec. 205. Forest development roads and trails

(a) Funds available for forest development roads and trails shall be used by the Secretary of Agriculture to pay for the costs of construction and maintenance thereof, including roads and trails on experimental and other areas under Forest Service administration. In connection therewith, the Secretary of Agriculture may enter into contracts with a State or civil subdivision thereof, and issue such regulations as he deems advisable. 53, 54

(b) Cooperation of States, counties, or other local subdivisions may be accepted but shall not be required by the Secretary of Agriculture. (c) Construction estimated to cost $10,000 or more per mile, exclusive of bridges, shall be advertised and let to contract. If such estimated cost is less than $10,000 per mile or if, after proper advertising, no acceptable bid is received or the bids are deemed excessive, the work may be done by the Secretary of Agriculture on his own account. For such purpose, the Secretary of Agriculture may purchase, lease, hire, rent, or otherwise obtain all necessary supplies, materials, tools, equipment, and facilities required to perform the work, and may pay wages, salaries, and other expenses for help employed in connection with such work.

(d) Funds available for forest development roads and trails shall be available for adjacent vehicular parking areas and for sanitary, water, and fire control facilities.

Sec. 206. Park roads and trails

(a) Funds available for park roads and trails shall be used to pay for the cost of construction and improvement thereof.

(b) Appropriations for the construction and improvement of park roads shall be administered in conformity with regulations jointly approved by the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior.

Sec. 207. Parkways

(a) Funds available for parkways shall be used to pay for the cost of construction and improvement thereof.

(b) Appropriations for the construction of parkways shall be administered in conformity with regulations jointly approved by the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior.

(c) The location of parkways upon public lands, national forests, or other Federal reservations, shall be determined by agreement between the department having jurisdiction over such lands and the Secretary of the Interior.

Sec. 208. Indian reservation roads

(a) Funds available for Indian reservation roads and bridges shall be used to pay for the cost of construction and improvement thereof. (b) The Secretary shall approve the location, type, and design of all projects for Indian reservation roads and bridges before any ex

53 Amended by sec. 4(d) of Public Law 88-423, Aug. 13, 1964 (78 Stat. 397). 64 Amended by sec. 8(c) of Public Law 86-657, July 14, 1960 (74 Stat. 522).