tivity, extent of total or partial unemployment, and degree of regional economic development in the areas involved. The adequacy of arrangements for retirement, transfer, and retraining of workers displaced during this period will be assessed. Research procedures will include statistical analysis of available data and the gathering of material through interviews at employment and training centers. Estimated Completion Date: June 1967. Grant No.: 91-22-66-08 Institution: University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Principal Staff: Dr. Paul Wasserman and Dr. Mary Lee Bundy; School of Library and Information Services. Project Title: Manpower Utilization and Requirements in Library and Information Services Objectives and Procedures: This project developed a blueprint for a full-scale, coordinated investigation of manpower needs and manpower utilization in libraries and allied information services. After thorough analysis and review of relevant literature and preparation of background materials, manpower, social science, and library authorities participated in a 3-day seminar to consider key manpower problems in the field of library services. Ideas and research avenues opened up during the seminar were incorporated into a detailed plan for further research which is expected to follow. Completion Date: September 1966. Highlights of Findings: Technological innovations in the storage of documents and the transmission of information are revolutionizing information services. Creative and enterprising individuals are needed to influence change imaginatively, or to foster new alternatives. A detailed proposal for a study on the executive in library and information activity has been designed for active consideration. Other topics suggested for future research include: The economics of library and information services; the image and status of librarians and information workers; and the sociology of the information professions. Grant No.: 91-20-06 Institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts Principal Staff: Dr. Robert Evans, Jr., Department of Industrial Relations; Dr. George E. Delehanty, Department of Economics. Project Title: Low-Wage Employment: An Inventory and an Assessment Objectives and Procedures: This project investigated the low-wage sector of the economy and the probable effect on this sector of various policies to reduce poverty and create jobs. A number of hypotheses were examined which may help explain the functioning of low-wage labor groups. An evaluation was made of the availability and suitability of various sources of data, and recommendations on obtaining other appropriate data as a basis for a larger research plan were presented. Completion Date: October 1965. Highlights of Findings: Low-wage employment has been historically concentrated in seven manufacturing industries, service industries, and retail trade industries; it has been concentrated geographically in the South Atlantic States. Low-wage manufacturing industries were characterized by slow rates of growth in employment and wages and low levels of productivity and industry profits. Low-wage workers usually held part-time, part-year jobs in services or manual labor. Educational levels appeared to be associated with differences in earnings across occupational lines, but the pattern was not so clear within groups. Given the internal stability of the manufacturing portion of the low-wage sector, and the role of continued supplies of potential low-wage labor, the solution to the low-wage problem is essentially one of increasing total productivity sufficiently to raise the level of low wages to a satisfactory standard. Grant No.: 91-23-66-55 Institution: University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts Principal Staff: Dr. Everett Lee, Department of Sociology and Anthropology. Project Title: Spatial Mobility and Manpower Development Objectives and Procedures: This study will examine the implications for manpower development and training of migration to, from, and within the States of Pennsylvania and Mississippi. Census data will be used to determine the extent to which the two States are dependent upon manpower from other States, the extent to which the two States are developing manpower for other States, and the types of manpower migrating to and from the two States. Standard demographic techniques of analysis will be applied to the volume or rate of in- and out-migration for specific race-sex-education-age groups. Estimated Completion Date: September 1967. Grant No.: 91-24-66-30 Institution: Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan Principal Staff: Dr. Michael E. Borus, School of Labor and Industrial Relations. Project Title: Research to Demonstrate the Uses of Unemployment Insurance Wage Reports Objectives and Procedures: The goal of this project is to demonstrate that individual wage reports are potentially valuable as a source of information in the study of manpower problems. To illustrate the applicability of the wage reports to manpower research, three sub-studies will be made, using the reports as a primary source of data: (1) Post-retraining earnings and the unemployment experience of retrained workers will be examined to supplement and check the validity of information derived from present retraining followups and to determine which groups profit most from retraining; (2) the costs and benefits of various vocational education programs will be compared; and (3) the accuracy of data obtained through personal interviews and mail questionnaires will be checked through a comparison with parallel information secured from the wage reports and Social Security records. Estimated Completion Date: June 1968. Grant No.: 91-24-66-42 Institution: Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan Principal Staff: Dr. James R. Hundley, Jr., Department of Sociology. Project Title: A Study of Interpersonal Relationships Among Managers and Employees of Fruit and Vegetable Farms with Emphasis on Labor-Management Practices Utilized Objectives and Procedures: This study will analyze labor-management relations in fruit and vegetable farms in Michigan. Managers of 100 farms, selected in a random area sample of the 10 major agricultural counties in Michigan, will be queried as to size of farm, commodities produced, and hiring practices. From this information, 25 to 30 farms will be selected to represent the various sizes and types of farming. Researchers will spend 1 week at each farm, observing the work environment during the day and administering structured and unstructured interviews to managers and workers in the evening. Estimated Completion Date: December 1967. Grant No.: 91-21-05 Institution: University of Michigan Survey Research Center Ann Arbor, Michigan Principal Staff: Dr. Eva Mueller, Dr. John Parker, John Sonquist. Project Title: Pilot Study of the Impact of Changes in Machine Technology on a Cross-Section of the Labor Force Objectives and Procedures: The primary goal of this study was to develop a questionnaire to determine the extent to which people notice changes in their job content and employment conditions which were brought about by changes in machine technology. The objectives embodied in the questionnaire were: (1) To measure the proportion of the labor force who believed that their job content was altered by various types of changes in machine technology during a recent period; (2) to obtain information about people's perceptions of the direction of change in their job content brought about by such changes; (3) to investigate the immediate personal experience and adjustments fol lowing from these changes; (4) to study the impact of the changes on recent occupational progress or careers and on expectations and aspirations; and (5) to compare the impact of automation on various kinds of workers. Completion Date: January 1966. Highlights of Findings: The importance of this study lies in the fact that it represents the first attempt at a cross-sectional study of changes in machine technology. It showed that a large-scale field survey of the working population is feasible, that the questionnaire which was developed is workable, and that the information obtained is understandable and codable. The questionnaire will be used in a larger study of the labor force. Grant No.: 91-24-66-03 Institution: University of Michigan-Wayne State University Ann Arbor, Michigan Principal Staff: Dr. Louis A. Ferman, Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations. Project Title: Community Organization and the Mobilization of Resources for Manpower Development Programs Objectives and Procedures: The ultimate objective of this project is to test the feasibility of using various social and economic variables to predict local receptivity to Federal development programs and to determine the number and kinds of programs likely to be successful in a given community. The researcher will approach the problem of community participation in Government programs by exploring several characteristics of community structure that account for variations in local receptivity to Federal programs. Data will be collected from the documents and official records of local and State agencies in all communities in the United States with populations of over 25,000. Multivariate analysis will be used to relate the variables to measures of community resource mobilization. Other appropriate statistical techniques will be used in developing actuarial statements. Estimated Completion Date: March 1967. Grant No.: 91-27-66-02 Institution: University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri Principal Staff: Dr. Rex R. Campbell, Department of Rural Sociology. Project Title: Job Opportunities and Job Discrimination as Perceived by Adults of Low Socio-economic Status Objectives and Procedures: The first objective is to determine the attitudes and knowledge of disadvantaged Negroes and whites concerning job opportunities. The second objective is methodological. It will determine the feasibility of obtaining objective research data from respondents when interviewers are of a different race from interviewees. Information has already been gathered through personal interviews with a random sample of 1,500 adults in low-income urban areas of Missouri. Regression analysis will be based on the processed and tabulated data, using race and socioeconomic status as independent variables. Estimated Completion Date: July 1967. Grant No.: 91-15-66-01 Institution: National Opinion Research Center Chicago, Illinois Principal Staff: Dr. Richard Jaffe. Project Title: College, Color, and Employment: Racial Differences in Postgraduate Employment Among 1964 Graduates of Louisiana Colleges Objectives and Procedures: Information was obtained on the employment history and sociological and demographic characteristics of students graduating in the 1964 classes of three predominantly white colleges in Louisiana. These data were compared with similar information on graduates from four predominantly Negro colleges in Louisiana (obtained from concurrent grant studies, numbers 91-17-01, 02, 03, and 04). The analytical comparisons made covered job placement, employment experience, wage income and other factors. Completion Date: The final report was received in July 1966. Highlights of Findings: 1. Graduates of the predominantly Negro colleges of Louisiana were more likely than their white counterparts to have been unemployed, and to have been unemployed for longer periods of time. 2. Over half of all male Negro graduates entered the teaching profession, and they began at lower salaries than whites. Male whites were three times as likely as male Negroes to begin teaching school at a salary of over $4,000. This salary differential between Negro and white teachers was even greater 15 months after graduation. 3. The Negro graduate was less likely than his white counterpart to attend graduate school, although he was considerably more likely to indicate a desire for graduate training. 4. Although the authors warn of limitations in the data, they state that "if data from the seven Louisiana schools at all represent the experiences of graduates from the two southern systems (predominantly white versus predominantly Negro) generally, then there is little reason to expect that the graduates of predominantly Negro colleges will be able to bridge the racial gap in economic opportunity." Grant No.: 91-39-66-38 Institution: University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon Principal Staff: Dr. Donald A. Watson, Bureau of Business and Economic Research. Project Title: An Input-Output Model for Use in Manpower Projections for a State Objectives and Procedures: This project will design a system for collecting and analyzing data for use in constructing income and product accounts for a State. An input-output flow model and a workable model for making short-term forecasts of population, labor force, and industrial employment will be developed, using Oregon as the example. Data on the rates of technological change in various industries will be used to project the size of occupational groups in order that plans for vocational education can be made. Existing analytical models and data, especially projections of industry growth made by the University's Bureau of Business and Economic Research and projections of population and labor force made by the Oregon State Board of Census, will be revised and integrated into the development of the model. sub-groups. Analysis of the tabulated data will focus on three criteria of occupational professionalism: (1) The influence of educational background on adaptation to organizational work roles; (2) organizational career history; and (3) degree of participation in outside professional activities which provide contact with colleagues and dissemination of knowledge. Estimated Completion Date: September 1967. Grant No.: 91-34-66-48 Institution: University of Rochester Principal Staff: Dr. Dean Harper, Department of Project Title: The Relationship of Migrant Workers' Attitudes and Behavior to Their Work Environment Objectives and Procedures: This project will test whether migrant farmworkers raise their work standards and change their general attitudes when they are provided with opportunities for success and not subjected to exploitation. Investigation will be carried out in two different migrant labor camps-one, typically exploitative, and the other, unusually fair in giving its workers a chance to get ahead. The attitudes, motivation, and behavior of all adult workers in each camp will be ascertained through interviews at three intervals during the work season. Each worker will also provide general biographical data. Information on labor turnover, absenteeism, and earnings will be collected from the workers and the crew bosses. Analysis will be based on a comparison of workers in the two camps according to kinds of responses, degree of change in attitude and behavior over the work season, amount of labor turnover and absenteeism, and personal background data. Estimated Completion Date: June 1967. Grant No.: 91-25-66-04 Institution: Saint Mary's College Winona, Minnesota Project Title: The Role of Technical Schools in Improving the Skills and Earning Capacity of Rural Manpower: A Case Study Principal Staff: Dr. Svetozar Pejovich. Objectives and Procedures: This study profiles the Winona Area Technical School (WATS) in Winona, Minn., in an attempt to establish a basis for evaluating the private and social costs and returns accruing from investment in rural technical schools. Data on age, occupation, earnings before and after technical school training, and the school's annual net operating costs per student were obtained from school records and the Minnesota State Employment Office. Mail questionnaires were also sent to all full-time students who graduated between 1960 and 1965. Rates of return on investment were calculated according to the student's costs and the total costs of investment in education. Completion Date: April 1966. Highlights of Findings: Calculated median private rates of return on investment in technical training were above or about equal to the average rates of return an individual could expect to receive from other forms of investment. Intangible nonquantifiable benefits, such as increased confidence and the sense of accomplishment, were also evidenced. From the community's standpoint, use of the same resources elsewhere could not be expected, on the average, to provide Winona with a higher rate of return. WATS also made an important contribution to the community by supplying Winona employers with a variety of skilled labor. Grant No.: 91-46-66-72 Institution: Sam Houston College Huntsville, Texas Principal Staff: Dr. George G. Killinger, Institute of Contemporary Corrections and the Behavioral Sciences. Project Title: Job Obsolescence in the Law Enforcement and Correctional Field Objectives and Procedures: This is an exploratory study of the educational and skill qualifications of personnel employed in law enforcement and correctional institutions. The researcher will define minimum skill requirements for these personnel and assess the extent to which law enforcement personnel in Hunstville agencies meet these skill and educational standards. Basic skill and educational requirements will be derived from the curricula of representative institutions offering courses in the field and from in-service training curricula. Evaluation of actual qualifications of present |