TITLE II-FISCAL YEAR 1989 NASA AND MULTIYEAR SPACE STATION AUTHORIZATION

AUTHORIZATION

SEC. 201. (a) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for fiscal year 1989, except as otherwise stated:

(1) For "Research and development" for the following programs:

(A) United States International Space Station, $900,000,000 for fiscal year 1989, $2,130,200,000 for fiscal year 1990, and $2,912,500,000 for fiscal year 1991.

INTERNATIONAL SPACE DOCKING CAPABILITY

SEC. 210. (a) It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should establish a multilateral working group of representatives from the space agencies of appropriate spacefaring nations, including the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and from appropriate international entities, to explore the technological and procedural principles that would be necessary to achieve an international space docking capability, communications, and life support systems, and also space rescue missions which could particularly benefit from the use of such a capability.

(b) Within 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall advise the Congress on the status of estab lishing an International Space Docking Working Group as recommended in subsection (a).

SPACE SETTLEMENTS

SEC. 217. (a)

(b) In pursuit of the establishment of an International Space Year in 1992 pursuant to Public Law 99-170, the United States shall exercise leadership and mobilize the international community in furtherance of increasing mankind's knowledge and exploration of the solar system.

(c) Once every 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall submit a report to the President and to the Congress which

(7) reviews mechanism and institutional options which could foster a broad-based plan for international cooperation in establishing space settlements;

(8) analyzes the economics of financing space settlements, especially with respect to private sector and international participation;

SEC. 410. The Secretary, in Consultation with the Secretary of State, the Administration of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, and appropriate non-Federal organizations, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a plan to construct and operate a worldwide system of ground-based remote sensors to monitor the stratospheric levels of chemicals which can affect the level of ozone in the stratosphere and to use these results to improve our understanding of the possible changes in stratospheric ozone that are the consequence of human activities. The plans shall include time lines for construction and operation of the system, a description of the roles of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, non-Federal organizations, other nations, and international organizations in constructing and operating the system, and estimates of the costs to construct and operate the system. The plan shall be submitted not later than July 1, 1989.

SEC. 411. It is the sense of the Congress that the global change program represents a significant opportunity for international cooperation and that it is in the best interest of the United States to maintain a separate civilian polar meteorological satellite program to facilitate data sharing with foreign participants in the global change program.

d. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 1988

Partial Text of Public Law 100–147 [H.R. 2782], 101 Stat. 860, approved October 30, 1987

AN ACT To authorize appropriations to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for research and development; space flight, control and data communications; construction of facilities; and research and program management; and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 1988".

(e) The Administrator shall promote international cooperation in the space station program by undertaking the development, construction, and operation of the space station in conjunction with (but not limited to) the Governments of Europe, Japan, and Canada.

SEC. 112.1 The Intergovernmental Agreement currently being negotiated between the United States Government and Canada, Japan, and member governments of the European Space Agency, and the Memorandum of Understanding currently being negotiated between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its counterpart agencies in Canada, Japan, and Europe concerning the detailed design, development, construction, operation, or utilization of the space station shall be submitted to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Repre sentatives. No such agreement shall take effect until 30 days have passed after the receipt by such committees of the agreement.

1 42 U.S.C. 2451 note.

e. Cooperative East-West Ventures in Space

Public Law 98-562 [S.J. Res. 236], 98 Stat. 2914, approved October 30, 1984

JOINT RESOLUTION Relating to cooperative East-West ventures in space. Whereas the United States and the Soviet Union could soon find themselves in an arms race in space, which is in the interest of no one;

Whereas the prospect of an arms race in space between the United States and the Soviet Union has aroused worldwide concern expressed publicly by the governments of many countries; Whereas the 1972-1975 Apollo-Soyuz project involving the United States and the Soviet Union and culminating with a joint docking in space was successful, thus proving the practicability of a joint space effort;

Whereas shortly after the completion of the Apollo-Soyuz project, and intended as a followup to it, the United States and the Soviet Union signed an agreement to examine the feasibility of a Shuttle-Salyut program and an international space platform program, but that initiative was allowed to lapse;

Whereas the United States signed a five-year space cooperation agreement with the Soviet Union in 1972, renewed it in 1977, then chose not to renew it in 1982;

Whereas the United States recently proposed to the Soviet Union that the two Nations conduct a joint simulated space rescue mission;

Whereas the Soviet Union has not yet responded to the substance of this proposal; and

Whereas the opportunities offered by space for prodigious achievements in virtually every field of human endeavor, leading ultimately to the colonization of space in the cause of advancing human civilization, would probably be lost irretrievably were space to be made into yet another East-West battleground: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President should

(1) endeavor, at the earliest practicable date, to renew the 1972-1977 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union on space cooperation for peaceful purposes;

(2) continue energetically to gain Soviet agreement to the recent United States proposal for a joint simulated space rescue mission;

(3) seek to initiate talks with the Government of the Soviet Union, and with other governments interested for cooperative East-West ventures in space including cooperative ventures in such areas as space medicine and space biology, planetary science, manned and unmanned space exploration.

3. Arctic Research

a. Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984

Title I of Public Law 98-373 [S. 373], 98 Stat. 1242, approved July 31, 1984

AN ACT To provide for a comprehensive national policy dealing with national research needs and objectives in the Arctic, for a National Critical Materials Council, for development of a continuing and comprehensive national materials policy for programs necessary to carry out that policy, including Federal programs of advanced materials research and technology, and for innovation in basic materials industries, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

TITLE I-ARCTIC RESEARCH AND POLICY

SHORT TITLE

SEC. 101. This title may be cited as the "Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984".

FINDINGS AND PURPOSES

SEC. 102.1 (a) The Congress finds and declares that

(1) the Arctic, onshore and offshore, contains vital energy resources that can reduce the Nation's dependence on foreign oil and improve the national balance of payments;

(2) as the Nation's only common border with the Soviet Union, the Arctic is critical to national defense;

(3) the renewable resources of the Arctic, specifically fish and other seafood, represent one of the Nation's greatest commercial assets;

(4) Arctic conditions directly affect global weather patterns and must be understood in order to promote better agricultural management throughout the United States;

(5) industrial pollution not originating in the Arctic region collects in the polar air mass, has the potential to disrupt global weather patterns, and must be controlled through international cooperation and consultation;

(6) the Arctic is a natural laboratory for research into human health and adaptation, physical and psychological, to climates of extreme cold and isolation and may provide information crucial for future defense needs;

(7) atmospheric conditions peculiar to the Arctic make the Arctic a unique testing ground for research into high latitude communications, which is likely to be crucial for future defense needs;

1 15 U.S.C. 4101.