A common character belonging to type and prophecy, 99.-A further con-
nexion between them arising from the frequent combination of the one
with the other, 100.-This combination exists in three different forms.
-1. When a typical transaction is historically described, and the de-
scription, as being that of a prophetical circumstance or event, comes
to possess a prophetical character, exemplified in Ps. lxix. 9, xliv. 22,
Isa. xlix. 8, Ps. lxxviii. 2, (note,) Hos. xi. 1, Ex. xii. 36, 101-105.-2.
When the essential truths and principles embodied in some typical
transaction are taken up and applied in an accompanying prediction, which at once explains the type, and expressly delineates to the eye of faith the coming reality, 105.-Illustrated first in the case of Han- nah's song, as compared with the Virgin's, 106-108,-then in the 2d Psalm, including an account of the institution of the kingly government in Israel, why it was at first opposed by God, and afterwards employed as the occasion and form of conveying some of the clearest predictions concerning the Messiah, 109-114.-3. When a typical transaction still future, was contemplated as present by the eye of the prophet, and was connected by him with a word of prophecy, which pre-supposed what was typical, and carried forward the truths and principles embodied in it to the concerns of Christ's kingdom, 115-122,-exemplified in 2 Sam. vii., Ps. xlv., lxxii., and the latter portion of Isaiah's prophecies.-Ob- jections against the double sense, 122-128.-Chief fault in most, who oppose the double sense, ascribing another and lower sense to many predictions, which directly point to Christ, exemplified in Isaiah's pre- diction of the birth of Immanuel, ch. vii.,
It is of great value and importance on various accounts.-1. It shows a
very close analogy between God's method of instruction with the Old
Testament church, and Christ's with his disciples during his personal
ministry, 135-139.-2. It discloses an analogy of faith under the Old
and New Covenants, a similarity in the principles taught and embraced
under each, 139.-This exemplified in what appears to be the greatest
contrast between the Old and New Testament, the withholding in the
former of any clear revelation of a future state of reward and punishment—
shown that, according to the divine plan, it could not be otherwise, but
that still, the hopes and principles of the patriarchal and Jewish be-
lievers were substantially one with the Christians, 140-146.-The erro-
neous notions of Spencer, Graves, Warburton, Whately, &c., regarding
the true foundation of the belief in a future state of reward and punishment,
and the probable effect of God's extraordinary providence toward the
VOL. I.-1†
Jews in regard to it, contrasted with the sounder views of Butler and
Hengstenberg, 146-150.-3. The proper study of typology explains why
most of the historical types consist of comparatively small and unim-
portant facts-this, though often objected to, absolutely necessary to
their fulfilling the object in view, as preparations for the kingdom of
Christ, 150-153.-4. The great service it is fitted to render in helping
out the spiritual idea in the minds of believers concerning divine things,
and enabling them to apprehend it in its proper fulness, exemplified in
1 Pet. i. 2, "unto the obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus,"
151-156,-and in Abraham's covenant-standing as typical of that of
believers, 156-157,-also in the history of David and Joseph as pre-
figurative of corresponding events in the person and kingdom of Christ, 157–163
THE TRUTHS EMBODIED IN THE HISTORICAL TRANSACTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE
FALL, BEING THOSE ON WHICH THE FIRST SYMBOLICAL RELIGION WAS BASED,
170-181
All typico-symbolical institutions necessarily subsequent to the fall, 170-
172. But even then founded upon, and pre-suppose certain truths
brought out in the transactions connected with the fall.-These were, 1. The doctrine of human guilt and depravity, 172.-2. Of the holy character of God, as loving righteousness and hating sin, 173.-Of sal- vation by grace, 174.-Of the principle of headship,
The original purpose of that tree, 181-182,-what truths symbolized in man's exclusion from it,
The flaming sword simply a weapon of defence to guard the way to the
tree of life, 187.-The cherubim different, ib.-Compound forms, and
variable, 187-188.—What denoted by their being called living creatures,
188,-by their never resting, 189.-What signified by their component
parts, by the ox, 190,-by the lion, 190,-by the eagle, 191,-by man,
191. What indicated by their appearance in the garden of Eden,
around the throne of God, and in the holy of holies, 192-194.-Objec-
tions to Baehr's view, 194-196.-Typical of human nature in its re-
deemed and glorified state, 196-198.-Objections to the views of Mi-
chaelis, Herder, Spencer, Bochart, Rosenmuller, &c., 199-201.-The
place and bearing they were intended to have in the early worship of
God,
ELECTION BY GRACE,-appearing in the type, in Abel, Seth, and others
of the antediluvian world, in Noah and his family, in Abraham and his
family, &c., 215-217,-in the antitype, first in the man Christ Jesus,
then in his people, 217-219.-Scriptural proof of the doctrine, 220-221.
-Practical improvement of it,
ENMITY OF THE WORLD AGAINST GOD'S PURPOSE OF ELECTION,-appearing
in the type, in the history of Abel, and other pious antediluvians, in the
families of Noah, Abraham, and Jacob, 222-224,-in the antitype, in
the history of Christ and of his people,
224-226
THE TWOFOLD PROCESS, SALVATION WITH DESTRUCTION,-appearing in the
type, in the events of the deluge, which saved God's people by destroy-
ing their enemies, and in the deliverances of Israel from the hands of
Pharaoh and other adversaries, 227-231,-(notes to p. 227 on Enoch's
translation, and to p. 229 on Noah's being saved by water, 1 Pet. iii. 20;)
in the antitype, in Christ and his people, with practical reflections, 231–236
THE ROOT OF LIFE AND BLESSING IN THE SAVED FAITH, appearing in the
type, in the earlier patriarchs, but specially in Abraham, with an in-
quiry on what objects the faith of Abraham rested, 236-240,-in Jacob
with a special reference to his manner of getting the blessing, and to
the vision of the ladder at Bethel, 241-213,-in the antitype, in all
Christ's sincere people,-faith the turning-point of their salvation, 243-217
THE FRUIT OF FAITH A RIGHTEOUSNESS WHICH DISTINGUISHES BELIEVERS
FROM THE WORLD, AND MAKES THEM SUBJECTS OF REWARD; in regard to
the first point appearing in the type, in Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham,
247-251, (note to p. 249-251, on the offering up of Isaac, and showing this
not to have been designed to be typical of Christ's sacrifice,) in the antitype,
in Christ's people, 251-252.—In regard to the second point, appearing
in the type, most of all in Abraham's history after the offering up of
Isaac, but also in the other patriarchs, 252-253,-in the antitype, in
Christ's people, showing how the believer receives all of grace, and at
the same time is to be dealt with according to his works,
FAITH'S PRESENT DOWRY OF GOOD-THE DIGNITY AND BLESSING OF SONS,-
appearing in the type, in the honour conferred at different times on
Abraham, (note on the person of Melchisedec, at p. 261,) on Isaac, on Jacob,
and on Joseph, 260-263,-in the antitype, in every sinner, as soon as
he believes on Christ,
FAITH'S FINAL PORTION, OR THE HOPE OF THE INHERITANCE. This always
pointing to something connected with this region of creation, yet with
that in a very different state from what it now is; in the earlier wor-
shippers with a paradise restored, in Abraham and his pious descend-
ants with an antitypical Canaan, to be entered on after the resurrec-
tion from the dead-hence the hope of the resurrection, and of a state
of blessedness beyond, inseparable from the patriarchal religion in all
the faithful, 264–270,-this confirmed by the sentiments of Jewish
doctors, and the difference pointed out between the hopes of patriarchs,
and those of heathens respecting an hereafter, 270-273,-also from
Scripture, 273-275.-The antitypical Canaan shown to be the renovated
earth, which a redeemed church shall receive as its purchased posses-
sion, when Christ comes in his glory,
INVESTIGATED AND APPLIED.
INQUIRY INTO THE PRINCIPLES OF TYPICAL INTERPRETATION, WITH A VIEW TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE REAL NATURE AND DESIGN OF TYPES, AND HOW THEY ARE TO BE ASCERTAINED AND APPLIED.
THE PAST AND PRESENT STATE OF THEOLOGICAL OPINION REGARDING THE TYPES, EMBRACING A SHORT HISTORY AND EXAMINATION OF THE VIEWS WHICH HAVE BEEN SUCCESSIVELY ENTERTAINED ON THE SUBJECT, FROM THE FIRST AGES OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH TO THE PRESENT TIMES.
FEW branches of theology have given rise to such variety of opinion among divines as that of types, and none, perhaps, has derived less. benefit from the new lights and improved methods of investigation, which have been introduced into theological study. Even those who have been perfectly at one on the fundamental doctrines of the gospel, and the leading principles of scriptural interpretation, have yet differed widely, not only in their methods of explaining particular types, but also in what they allowed to possess this character, and the degree of importance they attached to it. Extreme opinions have undoubtedly been held on both sides, nor have they yet entirely disappeared from the church, although there can be little doubt, that the progress of opinion has been steadily tending for many years, both to lessen the amount, and to depreciate the value, of the typical matter of Old Testament scripture.
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