Customs Postal.. Internal Provincial City of Manila Total.... $3,097, 864. 15 $5, 739, 297. 40 $9, 105, 754. 67 $8,550, 758. 49 89, 686, 533. 29 $36, 180, 208.00 554, 525.67 2,217,633.14 4,552, 872.91 122,816.83' 137, 811.99 ||1,993, 270.97 146, 659. 44 222, 980.40 2,559, 601.94 1, 199, 590.01 1,561, 473. 61 2,761, 063.62 524, 482.97 1, 148, 877.05 2,649, 641.44 48, 915, 944. 78 3,508,682.83 6, 763, 527. 73 10, 686, 188. 97 12, 631, 419. 52-15, 326, 125. 73 324, 479.35 1,760, 563. 87 1,744, 344.56 1,813, 118. 10 Other expenditures... 2, 316, 779.97 4,569, 334.15 5, 659, 971. 79 6, 564, 426.64 8,711, 363. 27 2,376,008.62, 4, 758, 677.75 6,073, 766. 4410, 045, 120. 32 14, 262, 503. 47′ 2,085, 043.22 3, 557, 462, 66 27, 812, 875. 82 37, 516, 076. 60 NOTE. Supplies imported by the United States Government for the use of the Army, Navy, and Marine-Hospital Service, or by the insular government for its use or that of its subordinate branches, are not subject to customs duty, and such importations are therefore not shown by the above table. AIDS TO NAVIGATION. Harbor improvements at the principal port, Manila, are now in course of construction, which when completed will cost between $5,000,000 and $6,000,000, and for which $2,000,000 have already been appropriated. This harbor will be sufficiently large to accommodate the commerce of that port and permit vessels to get behind a breakwater and alongside docks, and thereby be able to discharge cargo in all seasons without lighterage. In former times during the typhoon and southwest monsoon seasons ships were oftentimes lying in Manila Bay for a week before they could even commence to unload, thereby running up demurrage. The direct effect of this harbor construction will be immediately and materially to reduce the rates to and from that port, which is a matter of the greatest importance to the Philippines. The Philippine government has also appropriated $350,000 for harbor improvements at Cebu and $150,000 for the harbor of Iloilo. It is not supposed, however, that these sums will be adequate to complete the improvements contemplated. With the aid of officers of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, detailed to the Philippine government, and with two Survey vessels and other employees, a number of surveys of the more important harbors and gulfs have been completed. A continuous topographic survey, with triangulations, has been carried on along the northern coast of Luzon. A triangulation has been carried on across Manila Bay, locating prominent points about the bay, the islands at the entrance, and hills and mountains in the neighborhood. The work of determining the latitudes and longitudes of important base points is now in progress. Magnetic observations at twelve places have been made to supply needed information for charts. Tidal observations have also been taken at a number of stations, and sailing directions and notices to mariners have been prepared, printed, and distributed from time to time. The contributions of the Coast and 36 WHAT HAS BEEN DONE IN THE PHILIPPINES. Geodetic Survey are indispensable to safety in navigation. This work as well as all other public work is paid for out of Philippine revenues. The Spanish Government built light-houses of strong and lasting material. However, many extensive repairs and improvements upon these structures have been made, and the construction of several other light-houses, where they are imperatively needed. is in progress. Many new minor lights have been set up, and buoys and beacons located, where necessary. The light-house service is a branch of the coast-guard service, which fact conduces to keep the service at a high degree of efficiency through the aid of the coast-guard vessels. COAST-GUARD SERVICE. The coast-guard service, maintained by the insular government, is used in carrying the mails, to secure frequent and stated deliveries, in the transportation of government supplies, in the movement of constabulary forces, when necessary, and to prevent smuggling. Officials of the government traveling on official business are furnished transportation on these vessels. The service is performed at this time by 17 vessels. 15 of which are new, and were built and paid for out of funds of the Philippine government. The service is indispensable, and has proved to be a wise investment, both from a standpoint of economy and efficient administration, and has been of great assistance in bringing together the inhabitants and interests of the many different islands. HEALTH AND SANITATION. There is a board of health in the Philippine Islands, consisting of a commissioner of public health, a sanitary engineer, a chief health inspector, a secretary, and an ex officio superintendent of government laboratories. The chief functions of this board, as set forth in the order creating the same, are to make inquiry and investigation into the causes and means of preventing diseases, especially epidemic diseases, including those of domestic animals, to disseminate useful information upon these and other kindred subjects, and to draft and recommend to the legislative body of the islands suitable sanitary laws, including laws governing the admittance of persons to the practice of medicine, surgery, pharmacy, dentistry, and allied professions. Based upon such recommendations there have been enacted laws regulating the practice of medicine, surgery, pharmacy, dentistry, and veterinary medicine, surgery, and dentistry in the Philippine Islands. The powers and authority of the general board of health are exercised through the provincial board of health, the president of which must be a duly qualified physician: and one of the other members is the provincial supervisor, who is required by law to be a civil engineer. There are also maintained municipal boards of health, subordinate to the provincial boards. The insular board of health acts as the health board of the city of Mana. There is maintained a civil hospital for furnishing adequate medical attendance for civil officers, employees, and members of their families, with a well-qualified staff of physicians, nurses, and hospital stewards. Emergency cases of whatever sort are received at the hospital and given free treatment, and when the demands upon it permit, civilians other than officers or employees of the government may be received upon the payment of prescribed fees. There is also maintained, under one management, a general hospital known as the San Lazaro Hospital, cromprising the following departments: Leper, woman's, plague, smallpox, cholera, detention, and a steam disinfecting plant, with a staff of physicians, trained nurses, and other attendants. There has been constructed by the Americans a morgue of modern construction, and a new crematory is now under way which will adjoin the morgue. A free dispensary is maintained, together with modern ambulance, dead wagon, and disinfecting service. A steady improvement in the general health of Manila and of the different provinces in the islands has been brought about in the face of a practically unanimous opposition on the part of the native population of the city, which is due to their opposition to the restrictions imposed upon them by the sanitary regulations, the necessity for which it is at first hard for them to understand. Smallpox has ceased to be an important factor in the death rate, due to compulsory vaccination. A serum laboratory for the manufacture of virus is maintained, the quality of which is shown to be excellent. During the past year over one-seventh of the total population of the islands has been vaccinated. It is proposed to continue this work until the entire population of the islands is protected against smallpox, which was formerly the great scourge of the Archipelago. At the present rate of progress the day is not far distant when this result will have been attained. During 1902 the Philippine Islands were visited by an epidemic of cholera. The prompt and energetic work of the board of health in establishing emergency hospitals, detention camps, and quarantine regulations resulted in practically stamping out this epidemic within less than a year, although in that time it had spread to widely scattered points throughout the Archipelago, and with great mortality. Many of the outside towns were without physicians or other persons capable of recognizing cholera. The board of health, however, continued its persistent attack and the epidemic was finally wiped out. The magnitude of the operations during this period is shown by the fact that the expenditures of the board of health were considerably in excess of 1,000,000 pesos, and has demonstrated that the board of health is not only able to cope with the difficulties which constantly confront it, but can and does successfully meet great emergencies. Quarantine service. An efficient quarantine service is maintained at all entry ports in the Philippine Islands under the direction of officers of the United States Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, detailed to the Philippine government, and whose salaries and all other expenses of administration are paid out of Philippine funds. An effective quarantine service was of the greatest importance to the islands, which were constantly menaced by the danger of infection from the breeding grounds of disease afforded by the large neighboring centers of population in China. There has been constructed at the mouth of Manila Bay one of the most modern and best-equipped quarantine stations. The plant has sufficient capacity to allow the disinfecting of 150 passengers and their baggage every hour. Floating disinfecting plants are maintained at other ports of entry. 38 WHAT HAS BEEN DONE IN THE PHILIPPINES. At the port of Manila alone during 1903. 5,861 vessels were inspected by the quarantine service, 355 of which were placed in quarantine. Bills of health were issued to 4,270 vessels. Aside from the crews inspected, over 185.171 passengers were inspected, 4.647 of whom were vaccinated before being permitted to land. A quarantine station for live stock has been established in Manila, and it is proposed to establish similar stations at the earliest practicable moment for the other ports of entry in the islands. The Benguet.--One of the first things to which the Philippine government directed its attention was a location in the highlands of the Philippines for the establishment of a recuperative station. Spanish régime had already given attention to this subject and had determined upon the province of Benguet, the capital of which province is about 132 miles from Manila, in a straight line. A committee selected from the personnel of the Commission was appointed to proceed to the province of Benguet to investigate the conditions existing there. They found an extensive highland region, peopled by a friendly, harmless tribe, with pure, cool, invigorating air and abundant water, free from tropical vegetation, affording pasturage in plenty, and suited to the production of many fruits, vegetables, and grains of the temperate zone. A striking feature of the temperature in this province is its uniformity--the inean temperature covering an extended period of observation was 66.56 degrees. The Philippine government, realizing the beneficial results which would follow the development of this region, established there a sanitarium, conducted by a corps of competent physicians and nurses, for the use of its employees. Practical experience with patients sent to the sanitarium during the past year has confirmed the conclusions previously reached, that subStantially the same results are obtained which would come from a transfer for the same length of time to some temperate region in the United States. This mountainous region can be entered over two routes, the present route being by steamer to San Fernando on the east coast of Luzon, and then by horseback over a trail which has been greatly improved by the Philippine government. The second and ultimate route will be over the existing line of the Manila and Dagupan Railroad, from the terminus of which to Baguio is a distance of 55 miles. A well-built highway is now nearing completion between these two points, so constructed that if necessary rails may be laid for an electric road. During the past two heated seasons the principal officials of the general government have removed their offices to this region during the heated term. This highway will bring within easy and comfortable reach of Manila a climate not unlike that of the Adirondacks, or of Wyoming in summer, and will greatly add to the possibility of living in Manila for ten months of the year without risk. It will take away the necessity for long vacations spent in America; will reduce the number who go home invalided, and will be a saving to the insular government of many thousands of dollars a year. It will lengthen the period during which the American soldiers who are stationed there may remain without injury to their health, and will thus reduce largely the expense of transportation of troops between the islands and the United States. Filipinos of the wealthier class frequently visit Japan or China for the purpose of recuperating, and people of this class are much inter ested in the establishment of Baguio as a summer capital; and when the road is completed a town will spring up, made up of comfortable residences, an extensive army post, and sanitariums for the relief of persons suffering from diseases prevalent in the lowlands. MANILA CITY GOVERNMENT. Manila, the seat of the central government of the Philippine Islands and the political and commercial center, constitutes a district which in its government is somewhat similar to that of the District of Columbia. Since American occupation, the grade of the principal streets has been elevated to prevent submersion caused by torrential rains, and they have been paved with granite blocks, wood blocks, and macadam. The city is divided into two sections by the Pasig River. The bridges constructed during the Spanish régime have been improved, and to meet the demands a modern double bridge has been thrown across the river by the Americans. A general scheme of street extension, including the broadening of the narrow Spanish streets, has been entered upon. The means of water supply provided by the Spaniards has been greatly improved, and preliminary work already entered upon looking to the securing of more and purer water from the mountain range back of Manila. The city of Manila while under Spanish sovereignty was without any sewer system whatever. Surveys have already been made and work begun upon the sewer system to cost several hundred thousands of dollars. The old trading marts of Spanish days, consisting of collections of native shacks, have been displaced throughout the city by modern market buildings floored with concrete. Owing to its peculiar location and the great area covered by the city, the means of transportation has been one of the most serious problems of municipal administration, and the want of adequate means of transportation has retarded the growth of the city and tended to congest the population. After competitive bidding, a franchise was awarded to an American corporation for an electric railway and an electric light, heat, and power system in the city of Manila. This electric railway of 45 miles and of modern construction is nearing completion. The partially organized, insufficiently equipped, poorly housed fire department maintained by the Spanish has been transformed into a first-class department, with American constructed steam engines and chemical engines, with hook and ladder companies and other up-to-date apparatus, and the Gamewell fire-alarm system has been installed. The police department consists of a well-uniformed and welldisciplined force of Americans and Filipinos, and has proven most effective. The public parks have been improved and enlarged, and the intent of the Spanish Government of setting aside a plot of land for a botanical garden has been carried out. PHILIPPINE BONDED INDEBTEDNESS. The funded debt of the Philippine Islands imposed by the American Government has been small. So far from imposing a burden on the resources of the islands. its borrowings have thus far been an actual |