Later legislation authorized a temporary expansion of staff for each decennial census period and made certain changes in the permanent staff. For instance, a fifth Chief Statistician was authorized by an appropriation act of March 3, 1917 (39 Stat. 1112); a Geographer was added to the permanent staff by a provision of an appropriation act of March 18, 1904 (33 Stat. 137); and the number of expert chiefs of division was increased to 8 by that same act, to 9 by an act of May 10, 1916 (39 Stat. 110), and to 14 by an act of March 28, 1922. Each Chief Statistician in the interdecennial census period was in charge of a specific subject-matter field and had one or more expert chiefs of division to assist him in executive and administrative work. In 1904 the four chief statisticians were in charge of population, manufactures, agriculture, and vital statistics; there were two expert chiefs of division for population and one each for manufactures, agriculture, and vital statistics; and the three other expert chiefs of division were in charge respectively of the Director's office, revision and results, and publication. By 1915 the four chief statisticians were in charge of population, statistics of cities, manufactures, and vital statistics; there were two expert chiefs of division for population, two for manufactures, and one each for statistics of cities and vital statistics; and the two other expert chiefs of division were in charge of administrative work and the Division of Revision and Results. On July 1, 1917, the Fifth Chief Statistician was put in charge of statistics on agriculture, cotton, and oils; and two new divisions were created. By the 1930's the title Expert Chief of Division had fallen into disuse, the title Chief Statistician was used interchangeably with Division Chief, and division titles were far from uniform. Finally, on July 27, 1943, division titles were standardized, division heads were designated as chiefs, and the term chief statistician was no longer used.

Other staff changes that led to organizational change were first authorized in decennial census acts. The provision in the 12th census act for an Assistant Director of the Census "who shall be an experienced practical statistician," was repeated in the acts for the 13th and 14th censuses. The act for the 15th and subsequent censuses authorized two assistant directors for the decennial census period; one of these men was to act as Executive Assistant to the Director and also to have the duties usually assigned to the Chief Clerk; and the other, "a person of known and tried experience in statistical work," was to serve as technical and statistical adviser. By the time of the 17th census By the time of the 17th census (1950) the Assistant Director who acted as Director in the latter's absence had become the Deputy Director and there were four Assistant Directors, with the following titles and duties. The Assistant Director for Operations was in charge of the Administrative Service Division, which carried out administrative duties, and of the Field, the Geography, and the Machine Tabulation Divisions, which provided technical services. The Assistant Director for Statistical Standards was responsible for statistical techniques throughout the Bureau. The other two Assistant Directors were concerned with special subject areas. The Assistant Director for Demographic Fields was in charge of the Agriculture Division and the Population and Housing Division. The Assistant Director for Economic Fields supervised the activities of the

Business, Industry, Foreign Trade, and Governments Divisions, which took censuses in nondecennial years.

The administrative records of the Bureau of the Census described below have been arranged according to the organization established for the 17th census. The entries describing the administrative records created by organizational units that had been abolished by the time of the 17th census have been placed immediately after the entries describing the records of the units that inherited most of their functions.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

The permanent census act authorized the appointment of a Director of the Census and empowered the Chief Clerk to serve as Acting Director in the Director's absence. An Assistant Director was authorized for the 13th and 14th decennial census periods and two Assistant Directors for the 15th census period. From some time in the 1930's until 1947 there was an Assistant Director for the interdecennial census period, who served as Acting Director in the Director's absence. On March 10, 1947, a Deputy Director was appointed; and 3 days later two Assistant Directors were appointed. By the time of the 17th census there were four Assistant Directors, each in charge of a specific function.

LECTURES AND PAPERS OF S. N. D. NORTH. 1882-1914. 8 in.

11

140

Simon Newton Dexter North, Expert Special Agent for the 10th and 11th censuses, Chief Statistician for Manufactures for the 12th census, and Director of the Census, 1903-9, wrote many articles of a statistical nature. Two of his most important studies were the History and Present Condition of the Newspaper and Periodical Press of the United States (1884), for the 10th census; and "Wool Manufactures, in the Report of Manufacturing Industries. at the Eleventh Census, 1890 (1895). His records consist of research notes, newspaper clippings, copies of brochures printed by manufacturing establishments on the history of their products, and correspondence with industrial firms concerning data collected for these two studies; manuscript and typescript drafts and printed copies of his lectures and articles on statistics; and copies of census schedules and reports. Some of his research notes dealing with wool are excerpts from publications of the 18th and early 19th centuries. A newspaper clipping dated 1927 and a copy of the 1930 Census of Distribution report are in this series but probably belong elsewhere. The records are arranged according to their folder numbers.

OFFICE RECORDS OF WILLIAM M. STEUART. 1922-32. 5 in.

141 These

Steuart was Director of the Census, May 10, 1921-April 7, 1933. records consist of his correspondence with American Statistical Association members, 1932-33, and with Census Advisory Committee members, 1922-28, relating to plans to reorganize the Census Bureau; with chambers of commerce, 1930, relating to improvements in methods of collecting census data; and with Members of Congress and the Secretary of Commerce, 1928-30, relating

to taking the 15th census. There are also minutes of meetings and reports concerning unemployment, 1929-30; and correspondence relating to criticism of the 15th census and to requests for copies of census reports, 1931-32. Arranged as described above.

GENERAL RECORDS MAINTAINED BY WILLIAM LANE AUSTIN. 1933-41. 4 ft.

142

Austin, who served for 40 years in the Bureau, was Director of the Census from March 1933 to January 1941. These records consist of correspondence, reports, minutes of meetings, copies of census forms, studies, and memoranda relating to the Census Advisory Committee, census legislation, the taking of the 16th census, the Central Statistical Board, the confidentiality of census records, and census activities connected with the New Deal and national defense. Arranged alphabetically by subject in consecutively numbered folders, 1-79. After the numbered folders are "unnumbered files" consisting of confidential memoranda relating to personnel, 1934 and 1936 surveys of divisional activities, a list of contributors for a retirement present for Austin in 1941, and fair copies of letters of commendation, 1935-41.

OFFICE RECORDS OF VERGIL D. REED. 1939-41. 1 in.

143

Dr. Reed was appointed Assistant Director of the Census on June 2, 1936, served as Acting Director from February 1 to May 21, 1941, and remained with the Bureau until December 1943. The records in this series consist of mimeographed copies of some of his speeches, 1939-40; correspondence on the taking of vital statistics and the transcription of census records for other agencies on a reimbursable basis; and copies of the classification scheme for his records. Arranged as described above.

RECORDS OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON TIME AND ATTENDANCE. 1948. 1 in.

The rec

144 This Committee, which was established as the Special Committee on Keeping Attendance Records, was appointed by the Director on February 11, 1948, to survey practices in keeping attendance records in the Bureau. ords in this series were accumulated by Robert Y. Phillips, chairman of the Committee and Executive Assistant to the Director; they consist of the Committee's reports and memoranda of its recommendations. Arranged chronologically.

RECORDS OF THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 1909-12. 2 ft.

145

The Assistant Director of the Census was William F. Willoughby, 190911, and Roland P. Falkner, 1911-12. These records consist chiefly of copies of studies compiled for the Thirteenth Decennial Census; progress reports on the collection of statistical data and the publication and distribution of census reports; mailing lists; estimates of printing costs and other expenses; and correspondence, May-August 1911, covering the period when Falkner served as Acting Director of the Bureau and relating to the 1910 census. The folders are arranged by subject and numbered 1-50.

OFFICE FILE OF PHILIP M. HAUSER. 1942-47. 4 ft.

146 Hauser, who had been Chief of the Population Division, was Assistant Director from July 1942 until March 10, 1947, when he was appointed Deputy Director of the Census. He resigned on March 31, 1949, after extended leave. These records relate to wartime and postwar activities of the Census Bureau; they are arranged according to the classification scheme reproduced as appendix I.

OFFICE FILE OF A. ROSS ECKLER. 1944-48. 1 in.

147

Dr. Eckler was Chief of the Special Surveys Division until it was disbanded, probably on July 1, 1945. Then he served as Chief Social Science Analyst in the Director's Office until, on March 13, 1947, he became Assistant Director. In April 1949 he was appointed Deputy Director of the Census. These records consist of correspondence and reports relating to American Statistical Association meetings devoted to census subjects and to Dr. Eckler's participation in these meetings. Arranged chronologically.

RECORDS OF THE CENSUS ADVISORY COMMITTEE

The Census Advisory Committee, composed of three members each from the American Statistical Association (ASA) and the American Economic Association, was organized in the fall of 1918 at the request of the Secretary of Commerce to advise the Census Bureau on problems pertaining to the 14th census. In December 1922 it became a permanent committee and in 1937 a standing committee of the ASA. In 1941 a seventh member was added. The Board of Directors of the ASA defined the primary function of the committee as "that of advising with the Director of the Census with a view to promoting improvements in census procedures and data." The committee met several times a year and worked closely with the Bureau in outlining legislation, preparing schedules, planning tabulations, and deciding the kind of publications to be issued.

GENERAL RECORDS. 1919-49. 4 ft.

148

Agenda, minutes, resolutions, and reports of the committee and correspondence relating to census legislation, the monograph program, personnel, publications, and the internal organization of the Census Bureau. Some of the records described in this entry were among the records arranged and annotated by Alice Short in the late 1930's. The records were maintained first in the Division of Statistical Research and later in the Office of the Director. Arranged chronologically, with two folders of committee resolutions at the beginning.

RECORDS OF THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS

Records of the Administrative Service Division

The Administrative Service Division had its origin in the clause of the permanent census act providing for a Chief Clerk. The Office of the Chief Clerk inherited the disbursing function when the Disbursements Division was abolished, about 1935. On June 17, 1941, the Office of the

Chief Clerk was abolished, and its functions and those of the Appointments Division were assigned to the newly established Administrative Service Division. The latter Division was renamed the Budget and Finance Division effective July 10, 1945, but it was soon abolished--July 1, 1946. On that same date another Administrative Service Division was established, to take over the functions of the Budget and Finance Division and of the Publications Division. Somewhat before this time--probably early in 1943--the appointment function had been transferred from the Administrative Service Division to a new Personnel Division.

MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 1900-53. 4 ft.

149

The folders in this series may have been part of one or more files of the Office of Chief Clerk, later the Administrative Service Division. This Division formulated policies and practices for obtaining space, supplies, and equipment and made arrangements for communication and transportation facilities. The records in this series consist of orders, directives, correspondence, memoranda, and reports relating to organizational changes, procedural instructions, space, transportation, and communication. They also concern expenditures for the Philippine census, 1914-15; for Bureau exhibits at expositions, 1902-30; for the development of tabulating equipment, 1900-40; and for microphotography, 1928-42. ranged by folder number as shown in appendix II.

DISBURSING LEDGER. 1903-6. 1 vol. 3 in.

Ar

150

Shows expenditures for salaries, the collection of statistics, stationery, the rental of tabulating machines, office rentals, and miscellaneous expenses. Arranged by type of expenditure.

LEDGER OF PAYMENTS BY TYPE OF STATISTICS.

1902-7. 1 vol. 2 in. 151

Shows monthly expenditures for the collection of each type of statistics for which special reports were compiled after the completion of the 12th census. The entries in this ledger are arranged by subject and thereunder chronologically.

LEDGER OF MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURES FOR THE 14TH CENSUS. 1920-22. 1 vol. 3 in.

152

Each entry shows the name of a firm or individual supplying goods or services, the date, order number, requisition number, voucher number, check number, amount, and the type of services provided. Total expenditures for each fiscal year are included at the end of each year's account. Arranged by fiscal year and thereunder by order number.

Records of the Appointments Division

The Appointments Division (also known as the Appointment Division and the Division of Appointments) had its origin in the clause of the permanent census act that provided for a Disbursing Clerk who was to serve also as Appointment Clerk. Later the work became heavy enough so that the Division of Disbursements and Appointments was set up. It was