RECORDS OF THE TENTH CENSUS

Under the provisions of the act for taking the census of 1880, the Secretary of the Interior was empowered to designate the number of supervisors of the census to be employed in each State and Territory and to appoint Census Office personnel. The President, however, was to appoint the Superintendent of the Census and the supervisors, with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. The supervisors were directed to propose the apportionment of their districts into subdivisions most suitable for the purpose of enumeration and, "with the consent" of the Superintendent, to employ enumerators "selected solely with reference to their fitness, and without reference to their political or party affiliations.' The Superintendent was to prepare schedules relating to population and social statistics, to agriculture, to establishments of productive industry, to public indebtedness, and to mortality; he was also to obtain statistics relating to railroads and to express, telegraph, and insurance companies. The Superintendent was permitted at his discretion to employ experts and special agents "without respect to locality" to collect social statistics and to "investigate in their economic relations" the statistics of certain industries. Furthermore, mortality statistics for cities maintaining official registration of deaths might be obtained from the official records. Finally, under the provisions of section 8 of the act, the Superintendent was authorized to make a special enumeration "of all Indians not taxed, within the jurisdiction of the United States."

To carry out the provisions of this act, the Census Office for the 10th census in November 1879 began two kinds of work. First was that preliminary to the enumeration, which by law was to commence on June 1, 1880. This work consisted of preparing the schedules, subdividing the country into supervisors' districts, canvassing the geographical conditions in various parts of the country to grade the rates of compensation, and answering applications for appointments. The second kind of work was the collection of classes of statistics that were based on the census year-the 12-month period ending June 1, 1880. The divisional organization of the Census Office for the 10th census was probably similar to that for the 11th census; that is, it consisted of divisions to handle appointments, disbursements and accounts, matters relating to geography, and supervisors' correspondence and of subject-matter divisions, most of which were headed by experts or special agents.

Records Relating to Personnel

RECORD OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPLICANTS. 1880-81. 3 vols. 3 in. 45 Contains the names and addresses of applicants for positions in the Census Office, their qualifications (such as previous positions or the fact that the applicants had been employed in the 1870 census or were widows of employees so employed), information about recommendations or endorsements (such as the names and titles of Congressmen and other Government officials or the names and addresses of private citizens making

recommendations), and, for appointees, the dates of appointment and discharge written in red ink. The pages are numbered consecutively, 7252172. The entries are arranged by name of applicant, presumably listed in order of receipt of recommendation.

RECORD OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPOINTEES. 1879-80. 1 vol.
1 vol. 1 in.

46

This record shows the names and titles of Federal and State officials making recommendations, the names of appointees, the States from which they were appointed, the nature of the endorsements or recommendations (in code), and the dates of appointment. At the beginning of the volume is a key to the "nature of the endorsement," explaining the code used, and an index listing names of appointees in black ink and names of officials making recommendations in red ink. The entries are arranged alphabetically by name of official making the recommendation.

REGISTERS OF POSITION CLASSIFICATION. 1879-81. 2 vols. 2 in.

11 11

47

The names in the first volume are arranged by position title ("clerks class 1, clerks at $1000," "copyists $600," and so on) and thereunder chronologically. This volume contains (on p. 2 and 3) the monthly total number of employees in each grade or position classification for the period Apr. 30, 1879-Mar. 31, 1880; and (on p. 114 and 115), for the period Apr. 30, 1879-Jan. 3, 1881. The names in the second volume are arranged alphabetically by State and thereunder chronologically, with the monthly total number of employees in each position classification from each State listed (on p. 141-143).

RECORDS RELATING TO PERSONNEL MATTERS. 1879-85. 3 vols. 3 in.

11

48

Journals of personnel actions showing names of Census Office employees; position titles and salaries; dates of appointment and oaths; dates of entrance on duty, promotion (if any), and discontinuance; and States of birth and residence; and giving 'remarks," such as reasons for promotion, and page references to the "personal record" (see entry 51). (see entry 51). The volumes cover three periods: April 1, 1879-February 15, 1881; February 12-May 30, 1881; and March 1883-March 1885. The first volume is the most detailed; it is indexed by position title or classification and contains (on p. 277-287), the names, position titles, salaries, and dates and duration of appointment of temporary employees, May 1880-February 1881, and (on p. 291 and 292) a "stoppage of pay" record, 1880-81, showing names, position titles, and length of service of temporary employees. The entries in all the volumes are arranged generally in chronological order.

PERSONNEL LEDGER. 1879-83. 1 vol. 1 in.

49

Shows, for each employee of the Census Office, his legal residence, salary, and dates of appointment, promotion, and resignation or discontinuance. The entries are arranged alphabetically by the first two letters of the surname of employee.

INDEX TO "PERSONAL RECORD." n.d. 1 vol. 1 in.

50

An incomplete name index to census employees, with page references to the "personal record" (entry 51).

"PERSONAL RECORD."

1879-82. 2 vols.

4 in.

51

Shows the name of each employee in the Census Office; his State of residence; examination series and grade; position title; dates of appointment, oath of office, entrance on duty, promotions (if any), and resignation; and attendance record. The entries are arranged chronologically by date of appointment, and each volume is indexed by name of employee.

REGISTER OF PER DIEM AND OTHER TEMPORARY PERSONNEL. 1 vol. 1 in.

May 1880-Jan. 1884. 52

Gives name of each employee, date of entrance on duty, job designation, rate of pay, and date of discontinuance or of transfer to per annum rolls. The entries are arranged chronologically by date of entrance on duty, with an index to names of employees.

LIST OF SPECIAL AGENTS AND EXPERTS EMPLOYED IN THE CENSUS OFFICE. 1879-81. 1 vol. 1 in. 53

Special agents and experts prepared reports on such subjects as the production and manufacture of cotton; the fishing, mining, and lumber industries; and power and machinery used in manufacturing. This list gives the name and home State of each expert and special agent; the dates of his commission, oath of office, and proposed term of service; the amount of his compensation; and a brief description of the special field for which he was employed. The entries are arranged by type of proposed report, with an index to subjects of investigation and names of agents.

LIST OF FIELD PERSONNEL. 1880. 1 vol. 1 in.

54

A list of special agents, assistant special agents, district supervisors of the census, and authorized clerks employed for the 10th census. The list gives the names, addresses, and enumeration districts; and the entries are arranged alphabetically by name, thereunder by type of position.

Payroll Records

MONTHLY PAYROLLS OF THE CENSUS OFFICE. 1879-85. 4 vols. 10 in.

55

These payrolls give the name of each employee, the time during which he was employed, his annual salary, the amount he received from the disbursing clerk for each pay period, a certification of correctness by the Census Superintendent, and the signature of the employee acknowledging receipt of pay. Arranged chronologically.

INDEX TO PAY ACCOUNTS OF ENUMERATORS. 1880-81. 1 vol. 2 in.

56

Contains the name of each enumerator, an identification of his supervisor's district and of his enumeration district, and the page number on which his name appears in the volume in the accounts described in entry 57. The index entries are alphabetical by enumerator's name.

PAY ACCOUNTS OF ENUMERATORS.

1880-81. 6 vols.

1 ft.

57

Contain the name of each enumerator, his post office and county, the number of his enumeration district, an itemized account of the amount owed him per capita and per diem and for each type of schedule, and the

total amount paid and date of payment.

Arranged alphabetically by State, thereunder by supervisor's district number, and thereunder by enumeration district number. At the end of the entry for each supervisor's district there are accounts of payments for reenumerations, if any, a recapitulation of the total amount paid, and the amount unpaid as of November 1881.

Records Relating To Other Fiscal Matters

INSTRUCTIONS FOR KEEPING ACCOUNTS. 1879. 1 vol. 1/2 in.

58

Manuscript notes, apparently written by someone in authority in the Census Office, describing the types of account books to be maintained.

INDEX TO LEDGER OF ACCOUNTS AND JOURNAL OF EXPENDITURES. 1 in.

1880-85. 1 vol. 59

The index entries are alphabetical by name of person or business establishment doing business with the Census Office, with page references to the ledger of accounts (see entry 61) in red ink and to the journal of expenditures (see entry 60) in black ink.

JOURNAL OF EXPENDITURES.

1879-85. 1 vol. 3 in.

60

Shows the voucher number, name of payee, nature of expenditure, amount, entry number in the ledger, and Census Office subdivision to which the expenditure was chargeable. Arranged by voucher number.

LEDGER OF ACCOUNTS. 1879-85. 1 vol. 3 in.

61 Each ledger entry gives the name of payee (person or business firm), the voucher number, a page reference to the journal of expenditures (see entry 60), and the amount of expenditure under one of the following headings: 'compensation, traveling expenses, compensation of clerks, furniture and fixtures," and "miscellaneous.'

11

ACCOUNT BOOK ("LEDGER"). 1879-84. 1 vol. 2 in.

11

62

Shows the appropriate page numbers in the journal of expenditures (see entry 60), and the amounts of expenditures under the following headings: compensation, traveling expenses, clerk hire, stationery, printing and binding, furniture and fittings, rent, fuel, miscellaneous, and "total, for the Office of the Superintendent, for payrolls, for enumerators' and supervisors' accounts, for the reenumerations of St. Louis and South Carolina, and for the collection of each class of census statistics. The entries are arranged by office or type of statistics and thereunder chronologically. An index by class of expenditure is pasted in the front of the volume.

ABSTRACT OF PAYMENTS. 1879-81. 1 vol. 2 in.

63

This abstract is in two parts. One part (for the central office) shows for each payment the date and amount, the voucher number, the purpose of the payment (such as payrolls, books and stationery, furniture and fittings, rent and fuel, and travel), the type of statistics for which the payment was made, and the name of the special agent in charge of those statistics-

arranged by type of statistics, with an alphabetical list of names of the special agents or subjects at the beginning. The other part of the abstract (for the supervisors' districts) shows for each the district number and the name of the State; the amount of pay of supervisors, clerks, and interpreters; and the amount of miscellaneous and travel expenditures --arranged alphabetically by State.

RECORD OF QUARTERLY ACCOUNTS. 1880-86. 2 vols. 4 in.

64

Journal of the Disbursing Clerk, showing expenses incurred in taking the 10th census. Arranged chronologically.

SCHEDULE OF PAY ("ENUMERATORS' ACCOUNT BOOK"). 1880. 2 vols.

4 in. 65

Shows for each enumeration district the civil divisions, the rates paid to the enumerator per name and per farm, and his average daily pay. Arranged alphabetically by State, thereunder numerically by supervisor's district.

Records Relating To Geographical Matters

DESCRIPTIONS OF ENUMERATION DISTRICTS. 1880. 4 vols. 8 in.

66

A detailed geographical description of each enumeration district for the 10th census, showing also the name of the enumerator for each district, his post office, and the supervisor's district in which each enumeration district was located. Arranged alphabetically by State or Territory (Dakota--Wyoming), thereunder numerically by supervisor's district, and thereunder numerically by enumeration district.

Records Relating to the Taking of the Census

1 in. 67

REGISTER OF COMMUNICATIONS WITH SUPERVISORS. 1880. 1 vol. 1 vol. This register records the dates when circulars and other letters were sent by the Census Office to district supervisors of the census; the dates of receipt of schedules, consolidated time reports, and statements of accounts from the district supervisors; and the dates when the district supervisors acknowledged receipt of communications. Arranged alphabetically by State and thereunder alphabetically by name of supervisor. TIME RECORD OF THE SECOND SUPERVISOR'S DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA. 1880. 1 vol. 1 in.

68

Shows the number of hours spent by each enumerator in taking the 10th census, the number of regular schedules and of special schedules submitted by each, and in some cases the amount of his remuneration. This record was kept in a book designed for keeping records of leaf tobacco purchased and sold. Arranged alphabetically by name of enumerator.

COPIES OF LETTERS TO ENUMERATORS.

1880. 1 vol. 2 in.

69 Letter book containing handwritten copies of letters sent by Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of the Census, and by Charles W. Seaton, Acting