truckloads a day, and has purchased specialized trailers equipped with mechanical unloading devices.

Deioma is authorized to transport (1) refractories (a) between points in Ohio, on the one hand, and, on the other, points in Marlyand, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, (b) from points in Columbiana County, Ohio, to points in the six New England States, (c) from Lisbon and East Liverpool, Ohio, to points in Delaware, New Jersey, Indiana, and Virginia, (d) from Lisbon and Wellsville, Ohio, and points within 10 miles of Wellsville (except Port Homer) to points in Illinois and Wisconsin, and (e) from Windham and Portsmouth, Ohio, and points in Stark, Summit, and Tuscarawas Counties, Ohio, to points in Indiana, and (2) refractory products and refractory materials (a) from Canton, Ohio, and points within 40 miles thereof, to points in Pennsylvania, (b) from East Palestine and Alliance, Ohio, and points within 5 miles of each, and points in Unity Township (Columbiana), Ohio, to points in Delaware and New Jersey, and (c) from Wickliffe, Alliance, and Nelsonville, Ohio, to points in Michigan. Deioma says it would handle traffic (1) from Columbiana to points in Delaware and New Jersey by tacking the authorities in 2(a), 1(a), and 2(b), above, and to points in Virginia by tacking the authority in 1(c) with those in 2(a) and 1(a), and (2) from Frostburg by tacking the authority in 1(a) with the 1(d) authority to points in Illinois and Wisconsin, the 1(e) authority to points in Indiana, and the 2(c) authority to points in Michigan. With regard to part (1) of the Ace application, Deioma holds authority to transport clay products between points in Ohio, on the one hand, and, on the other, points in Pennsylvania, from Windham and Portsmouth, Ohio, to points in Indiana, from Wellsville, Ohio, and points within 10 miles thereof, except Port Homer, and from Lisbon, Ohio, to points in Wisconsin, and Alliance, Ohio, to points in Michigan. By tacking' these authorities in Ohio, Deioma offers service from Summerville to points in Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan. By tacking the above-indicated radial authority to transport clay products with the authorities described in 1(e), 1(d), and 2(c), above, it offers service to points in, respectively, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Deioma's equipment includes 62 flat-bed vehicles and 17 mechanical unloading devices. All of its flat-bed vehicles are equipped with tarpaulins, chains, binders, and other specialized items used in the

'It should be noted that subsequent to April 5, 1974, an irregular-route motor common carrier may tack or join separate grants of authority for the purpose of providing a through service only pursuant to the provisions set out in the report in Gateway Elimination, 119 M.C.C. 530.

transportation of refractories. It has a terminal and central dispatch facility at Alliance, Ohio, about 25 miles from Kaiser's Columbiana facility. It offers scheduled pickups, scheduled deliveries, and jobsite deliveries. The movement of refractories accounts for about 36 percent of its annual revenues. In November 1973, it transported nine truckloads of refractory and clay products from Columbiana to points in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and New York, which resulted in revenue of $2,664.69. In a 3-month period of 1974, it handled 16 shipments, generating $3,045.54 in revenue, from Columbiana and Frostburg to points in West Virginia, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. In another month in 1974, it earned $3,850.02 by handling 17 refractory and clay product shipments from Columbiana to points in Pennsylvania, Michigan, and New York. It attributes Kaiser's alleged difficulties in obtaining equipment to that shipper's demanding 2 p.m. pickups on 2 hours' notice and next-morning pickups in late afternoon and to its refusal to allow Deioma to determine whether equipment was available before tendering the shipment to another carrier. It has solicited Kaiser's traffic but assertedly has been told that its rates are too high. It asserts that on several occasions of purported service failures complained of by Deioma, the shipment was moved shortly thereafter by either Deioma or another carrier. Jones' is authorized to transport general commodities, with exceptions, (1) over irregular routes, between Toledo, Ohio, on the one hand, and, on the other, points in Ohio, and (2) over regular routes which extend from Toledo to Detroit, Somerset, Morenci, New Hudson, Plymouth, Howell, and several other intermediate and off-route points in Michigan. Its equipment includes 12 flat-bed vehicles. Through concurrences and interchange agreements, it offers joint-line service to other proposed service points. It asks that any authority granted be restricted to the transportation of shipments originating at Kaiser's Columbiana facilities.

Butler holds authority (1) from this Commission to transport (a) refractories, except in bulk, from Kaiser's facilities at Columbiana and Frostburg to points in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and

'Jones and W & W filed a joint verified statement in opposition in the Trehan proceeding. In No. MC-F-10914 Jones Transfer Co.-Purchase-W & W Express, by report and order at 116 M.C.C. 435, the Commission, Division 3, authorized the merger of W & W into Jones and required that, if the transaction were consummated, W &W's certificate of registration be canceled and unified certificates with duplications eliminated be issued. W & W's certificate of registration set forth authority between certain points in Ohio. The transaction was consummated on May 31, 1974, and a consolidated certificate, which superseded W & W's certificate of registration, was issued October 23, 1974.

Maryland and in the six New England States, subject to certain restrictions not here pertinent, and (b) refractory products and materials and supplies used in the installation of refractory products when transported in mixed loads with refractory products, from Frostburg, Md., to those ports of entry on the United States-Canada boundary line at or near Detroit, Mich., and at or near Buffalo and Rouses Points, N.Y., and (2) comparable Canadian authority within the Provinces of Ontario and of Quebec. It has a terminal in Pennsylvania. Its equipment includes 73 flat-bed vehicles of which 10 are equipped with mechanical unloading devices. In a recent 10month period, it handled 126 shipments from Frostburg and 324 shipments from Columbiana to points in Trehan's proposed destination territory. Its records show that it handled some of the tendered shipments in those instances listed by Deioma as service failures.

Short Freight and Red Line filed a joint statement in opposition to the Trehan application.* Red Line holds out service to all points in Ohio under a certificate of registration and holds a certificate of public convenience and necessity authorizing the transportation of general commodities, with exceptions, between Elmore and Toledo, Ohio. Short Freight is authorized to transport general commodities, with exceptions, from Toledo over regular routes to numerous points in Michigan. They interchange equipment at Toledo. Short Freight's equipment includes 50 flat-bed vehicles. All have tarpaulins and are susceptible to side loading or unloading. Protestants effect regular deliveries to Sugar Creek, Holmesville, and Bedford, Ohio, using flat-bed equipment, which is continually available for return movements to Michigan.

Helms operates under Ryder's authority to transport general commodities, with exceptions, over regular routes which extend to various points, mostly in Pennsylvania, with service authorized to Columbiana as an intermediate point. It also offers service to all points in Ace's proposed destination territory except those in Maine and Vermont. It has a terminal at Koppel, Pa., from which it holds out service to Columbiana. A list of vehicles operated by Helms and Ryder shows no flat-bed vehicles. In a period of 5.5 months, Helms handled 16 shipments for Kaiser from Columbiana to named destinations in Maine, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

'In No. MC-F-11396 Short Freight Lines. Inc.-Control and Merger. by report and order at 116 M.C.C. 793. the Commission. Division 3. denied Short Freight's application to control Red Line Applicants petition for reconsideration was denied on April 7. 1975.

J. Miller holds authority to transport machinery, materials, and supplies used by steel mills (with certain nonpertinent exceptions), iron and steel, iron and steel articles as defined by the Commission and nonferrous metals nonradially between points in Ohio, those in described portions of western New York, western Pennsylvania, and northern West Virginia. Its equipment includes 129 flat-bed or lowboy vehicles. It has four terminals in Pennsylvania, three in Ohio, and one in New York. It has handled an unspecified volume of Kaiser's traffic and argues that Ace has failed to establish either a need for or the feasibility of its proposed operation.

Mercury is authorized to transport general commodities, with exceptions, between points in Pennsylvania, on the one hand, and, on the other, points in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, through the gateways of either Mount Olive, N.C., and points within 15 miles thereof or points in Florence County, S.C. Its equipment includes 56 flat-bed vehicles equipped with tarpaulins and tiedown devices. It operates no "mechanical self-unloaders" and says that Kaiser has no real need for such equipment. It expresses concern that a grant of the Ace application will permit tacking so as to provide competitive service between all points in Maryland, New York, and West Virginia, on the one hand, and, on the other, all points in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina but gives no indication of the volume of traffic which it has handled between all those points.

Freeport Transport is authorized to transport refractory products (1) from Columbiana, Ohio, to ports of entry on the United StatesCanada boundary line in New York, (2) from ports of entry on the United States-Canada boundary line at Detroit and Port Huron, Mich., to points in Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, and (3) from ports of entry on the aforementioned boundary line in and east of Minnesota to points in the six New England States and in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Freeport Transport has two terminals in Pennsylvania and one at Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Its equipment includes an unspecified number of flat-bed vehicles equipped with tarpaulins and chain binders. In a 4-month period, it transported from its authorized service points in the United States to points in Canada 12,326.87 tons of freight resulting in revenues of $215,190.82. To prevent a diversion of its Canadian traffic, it asks that any authority

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granted be restricted (1) against tacking or joinder with other Ace authorities, and (2)(a) against the transportation of traffic which originates at or is destined to points in Canada, or (b) against the transportation of traffic moving in foreign commerce.

Chem-Haulers is authorized to transport gravel, sand, clay, ore, and slag, and products composed of or produced from such commodities, subject to certain nonpertinent restrictions, between points in Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana, and all States east thereof. It asserts that its commodity authority embraces all of the involved traffic because the commodities produced at Frostburg and Summerville are clay products, and products composed of the other above-named basic commodities include magnesium (made from magnesium and/or magnesium ore), chrome ore, and bonding mortar. It notes that the chrome ore brick produced at Columbiana is 60 percent chrome ore and that in Hugh Breeding, Inc., Ext-Petroleum Treating Compounds, 95 M.C.C. 720, 725, certain petroleum treating compounds with a petroleum base of as little as 10 percent were found to be "petroleum products." It has five terminals in Alabama, three in Tennessee, and one in Kentucky. Its equipment includes 60 flat-bed vehicles. It expresses its willingness to obtain any necessary unloading devices. Each applicant filed a rebuttal statement.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

It is well established that existing carriers are entitled to all the traffic they can handle adequately, efficiently, and economically within the limits of their authorities before a new, competing service is authorized. In these proceedings, the evidence fails to establish protestants' inability or unwillingness to render reasonable adequate and continuous service in handling the involved traffic within the limits of their authorities. Much of the supporting evidence critical of existing service consists of general allegations. The more detailed evidence concerning specific instances of unsatisfactory service. covers only a few weeks and fails to establish an overall pattern of service failures. Ace has failed to establish that Chem-Hauler's commodity authority does not embrace the involved traffic. Compare Commercial Oil Transport, Inc., Extension-Kansas City, 92 M.C.C. 186, 188 (1963), and cases cited. A grant of authority to Ace on the basis of its participation in a prior interline agreement is unwarranted. Compare Ashworth Transfer, Inc., Ext.-Colo. and N.