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Since September 1961, the Department of Defense has conducted the national shelter survey to identify, mark, and stock existing public shelter space. It is estimated that by the end of fiscal year 1964, approximately 121 million public shelter spaces will be located in existing structures. Of these, it is estimated that 74 million will be potentially operational.

The fiscal year 1965 program provides for the survey of new buildings completed during the year. About 50,000 buildings requiring some analysis are completed yearly. Not all of these buildings will require on-site survey by trained architects and engineers, as some can be eliminated through examination of construction records, building permits, etc. It is estimated that about 12,000 new buildings will meet present criteria, i.e., a capacity of 50 or more shelter spaces with a protection factor of 40 or greater, and contain about 4 million shelter spaces which can be added to the Nation's shelter inventory.

An important part of the survey operations has been the marking of public shelters. All shelters meeting prescribed minimum requirements are being marked on oral permission of the owner. For permanent marking, standard fallout shelter signs, furnished by the Federal Government through central procurement, are used. These signs indicate existing shelter capacity but do not show the protection factor of the particular shelter. The signs are identical in appearance for both inside and outside marking. However, aluminum signs are used outside and steel signs are used inside of buildings.

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1 Represents only those spaces obtained from shelter survey. In addition, shelters will be posted as they become available by modifications or new construction of Federal buildings.

SHELTER PROVISIONS

This activity provides for stocking available shelter space across the Nation with austere supplies and equipment required for survival under fallout conditions. Being stocked from funds previously appropriated are 60.2 million

spaces and this budget request of $46.5 million would add 18.8 million spaces, providing a national inventory of stocked shelter space for 79 million people. The result of the national shelter survey was the identification of shelter space throughout the country for over 100 million people. This gross total is constantly increasing through continued refinement of initial survey results and updating of data to pick up protected space created by new construction or major modifications to existing facilities. By end fiscal year 1965, it is expected that gross surveyed space available will be sufficient to accommodate 127 million people.

The fiscal year 1965 budget request is based on stocking (a) 78 million of the surveyed shelter space through fiscal year 1965, and (b) 1 million spaces which is anticipated will be available from Federal buildings by incorporation of fallout shelter under the 1962, 1964, and 1965 Federal construction programs. To coincide with estimated demand rate. stocks procured from funds currently available (60.2 million spaces) will be delivered to Government warehouses by November 1964. Stocks to be procured with fiscal year 1965 funds (18.8 million spaces) should be scheduled for delivery beginning January 1965, at which time it is anticipated requisitions for stocking 60.2 million spaces will have been received from local officials.

CHART 18

SHELTER PROVISIONS

Funding

The actual and proposed application of funds to supply stocked shelter space for 79 million people follows:

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The need for continuity of funds and procurement of supplies to insure their availability when local governments requisition supplies is indicated by the following data:

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3. Potential shelters ready for stocking by end fiscal year 1965–
4. Surveyed space under license or marked as of end January 1964.

5. Stocks delivered or on order from fiscal year 1962, 1963, and 1964 ap-
propriations scheduled for delivery by end of November 1964__
6. Signed requisitions received and anticipated from local authorities by
the end of December 1964_-

7. Procurement action should be initiated during August 1964 so that adequate supplies will be available to meet requisitions received in January 1965

EQUIPMENT FOR IMPROVING SHELTER CAPACITY AND USE

79.0

66.0

60. 2

60.2

18.8

This budget request of $54.500,000 would carry out congressional intent to continue developing and improving the use of shelter space that already exists in basements and inner cores of buildings by addition of portable packaged equipment involving no structural change and certain other improvements as follows: Portable ventilation kits

Approximately 31 million additional fallout shelter spaces could be added to the existing shelter inventory by improvement of ventilation in existing facilties to permit full occupancy. Of these 31 million additional usable fallout shelter spaces, it is estimated that 20 million spaces can be licensed for shelter use based on the response of building owners to the general licensing effort during the past 18 months. These 20 million spaces can be made habitable by use of a recently developed packaged ventilation unit that is adaptable to almost 31-706-64-pt. 1-47

all shelter configurations. Each unit will provide sufficient ventilation, under average conditions, for 100 persons. Priority will be given first to distributing these units to areas of most urgent need.

Funds are requested in fiscal year 1965 for the purchase and delivery to shelter of 200,000 packaged ventilation units at a cost of $50 million. The cost of $2.50 per additional shelter space compares to approximately $11.90 per space for permanent ventilation improvements and $25 or more per space in new construction. This low cost improvement provides an opportunity to achieve progress as rapidly as possible toward the full fallout shelter goal. Equipment for utilizing trapped water in shelters

The water storage drums provided by the austere shelter provisioning program are designed to meet the minimal water requirements of shelter occupants. From the inception of the stocking program, water stored in drums has been regarded as a supplement to water already available in buildings containing shelter. If the normal water supply were not available in shelters, the water provided in the water drums would meet survival needs until other sources of water could be obtained.

Results of a sample survey by the Corps of Engineers indicate that there is trapped water in 90 percent of the existing shelter facilities. Almost all of the buildings will require minor adaptations to make this trapped water available in the shelter area.

During fiscal year 1965, OCD plans to provide access to trapped water in about 17,500 facilities at a total cost of $3.5 million. This will give 14 million persons sheltered access to trapped water.

Shelter communications equipment

There is a requirement for two-way communications between individual shelters and the emergency operating centers of governments. To meet this need OCD intends to install a telephone jack in each shelter area enabling the use of existing telephone circuits during an emergency. The telephone jack would be installed on the normal telephone circuit. To help assure an outgoing call capability these circuits would be included in the line load control system. Upon notice of an emergency a telephone instrument would be brought from another part of the building, where it had been in normal use and plugged into the jack in the shelter area. Approximately 50,000 shelter areas are located in facilities which have telephone service that could be extended to the shelter. The funds requested will provide for the one-time cost of installing two phone jacks in each facility containing a shelter area.

CHART 19

Equipment for improving shelter capacity and use

Portable ventilation kits---

31,000,000 spaces to be added to shelter inventory.
20,000,000 spaces can be licensed for shelter use.
Average cost per shelter space, $2.50.

$50, 000, 000

Equipment for utilizing trapped water in shelter_.

Provides access to trapped water in 17,500 facilities.
Provides 14,000,000 people access to trapped water.

Shelter communications equipment--

Involves 50,000 shelter areas.

Provides 2-way communication between shelters.

Provides communication from shelters to local government emergency operating center.

3,500,000

1, 000, 000

IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING FALLOUT PROTECTION IN SMALLER STRUCTURES The overall national projected need for fallout shelter protection is 240 million spaces to accommodate the daytime, nighttime, and transient population of the late 1960's and early 1970's. The program proposed by the Department of Defense to meet a portion of this need requires that 50 to 55 million spaces be provided by private initiative. Many of these spaces, more than is generally realized, are located in home basements, or in basements and inner cores of somewhat larger multifamily units and other structures which were not large enough for consideration in the national fallout shelter survey. Their identification will supplement public shelters now in existence and will materially affect the overall community shelter capability. It is not the intention to license, mark

or stock these spaces but to inform householders and local officials of the identity of such space for their use in family planning and/or community plans.

To determine the extent to which homes and small structures throughout the Nation have inherent shelter qualities and capabilities, the techniques and criteria developed and used for the national shelter survey have been adapted to a rapid computer oriented system.

Single family home fallout protection survey

To set this survey method in motion, the householder needs only to fill out and mail a preprinted, addressed data collection card contained in a booklet provided by OCD for this service. All of the information and instructions necessary to assist the householder to properly complete the card will be included in the booklet. Any structure within limits of the criteria established for this survey method may be quickly and economically analyzed through the use of existing computer capability. The number of single family homes having basements, as reported by the Bureau of Census, is approximately 25 million. Based on a large scale pilot test conducted during fiscal year 1964, it is anticipated that there will be a 25-percent return on the 25 million cards provided the public. Survey of small structures other than single family homes

The collection of data on small structures other than single family homes would be accomplished by the Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Yards and Docks. It will be necessary that a personal visit be made and a relatively simple data collection form completed on each structure. The collected data is then processed through the use of existing computer capability. It is considered that 73,400 such structures could be analyzed in fiscal year 1965.

CHART 20

Identification of existing fallout protection in smaller structures

Single family home fallout protection survey

Production____.

Distribution of cards and supporting booklet--
Programing processing and kit assembly-

Direct postal fees..

Technical review____.

Survey of small structures other than single-family homes___

Production_.

Data gathering_.

Processing of data__.

$3,847, 000

2, 011, 000 50,000

1, 200, 000

406, 000 180, 000

3, 353, 000

30,000

3, 303, 000 20, 000

DESIGNING SHELTER SYSTEMS

An essential step in developing an operational civil defense system is to build upon the investment represented by the shelter survey by determining what each citizen should do in time of emergency and by getting that information to the individual, in other words, to create a working shelter system. The largest part of this job involves assigning people to the best shelter now available and making these assignments known. These initial assignments will also define with precision, areas of shelter deficit, in which low-cost opportunities to create more shelter should be exploited.

The funds requested will be used to provide professional community-planning services to local governments, in most cases by having the work done by local government agencies with professional community planning competence, on a reimbursement basis. Full application will be made of automatic data-processing methods where most economical, as was done in the shelter survey. The supporting services of the Corps of Engineers will be essential to this program. Also, full use will be made of data and experience gained in other federally assisted urban planning programs, e.g., those administered by HHFA.

Full Federal funding of the initial shelter use effort by professional city planners in communities throughout the country will create a local ability to update shelter assignments by training local experts and by providing a base of data. It will also establish civil defense preparations as a function of government on a permanent and continuing base. Thus the updating effort, estimated to require up to $1 million annually as new shelter space is created, would not be federally funded.

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NOTE.-Total of professional plus nonprofessional man-years equals 314.1 plus 629.8 equals 943.9, rounded to 950 man-years.

At an average salary of $8,000, cost for salaries equals 950 by $8,000. Add fixed costs (clerical, administrative, supply, printing, and travel).

Total

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