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CHART 5

Warehousing and maintenance (emergency supplies and equipment)

Warehouse operations (GSA, VA, and DOD).

Acceptance inspection of deliveries from manufacturers, assembly and packaging of individual instruments into kits for shipment to users (Federal, State, and local).

Transportation_-_

Shipments to users and interwarehouse movements. Maintenance--

Equipment and supplies for 11 Federal repair and rehabilitation shops, maintenance and calibration shops at State level, and for contracting with 10 additional States to utilize their Army National Guard to provide a maintenance and calibration service.

Total___

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

$900,000

300,000

1,300,000

2,500,000

This program provides for the development of a high degree of readiness for civil defense emergency operations. Activities funded include (a) protected radio facilities to provide emergency instructions and public information; (b) damage assessment to support preattack planning and postattack operations: (c) an education and training program stressing community and individual protective measures, shelter analysis, and protective construction; (d) publie information media including radio, films, and general and technical publications; and (e) guidance for civil defense preparations in industrial facilities. The chart provides a breakdown of the fiscal year 1965 budget request for these purposes, including a comparison with prior fiscal years. Major program activities are more fully described in succeeding pages.

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The President has directed that he be provided a reliable means for communicating with the U.S. population in an emergency. In addition, all levels of government-Federal, State, and local-require an assured means of communicating information, instructions, and directions to the public. The broadcasting industry has the technical and programing resources for accomplishing this end, but requires protective measures to assure postattack operations.

The emergency broadcast system is the basic plan under which the Nation's nongovernment radio broadcast stations will operate in a declared emergency. The plan is coordinated by the Federal Communications Commission with the broadcast industry, the Office of Civil Defense, and the Office of Emergency Planning. Under this plan the President has first priority in the use of the emergency broadcast system, followed by State and local authorities.

It is within the framework of this plan that the Office of Civil Defense has developed its program for the protection of selected radio stations. This program is designed to increase the probability of selected stations to maintain operations during a fallout environment. It is responsive to the Office of Civil Defense responsibilities for protection and shelter of key operational facilities and for communications with the public during an emergency.

In addition to providing fallout protection for the minimum number of personnel required to operate the stations, OCD assists the selected stations in providing emergency power in the event of disruption of normal sources. Governors, mayors, and other authorized officials of government must have access to these broadcast stations from local government operating centers. To assure this communication channel with the public, OCD provides radio backup links from these centers to the selected stations.

This program provides practical assurance that essential information and instructions can be disseminated to people after an attack. Such information will be especially critical during periods when fallout countermeasures are required for survival.

The table below indicates that 191 selected stations have been programed for fallout protection through fiscal year 1964 with approximately the same number being equipped with emergency power, radio program links, and associated equipment. During fiscal year 1965, an additional 465 stations are being programed for fallout protection. It is estimated that 300 will require emergency generators and 235 will require radio program links and associated equipment.

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The damage assessment program outlined on the facing chart provides preattack vulnerability studies and postattack damage assessments through the use of a high-speed electronic computer. Preattack vulnerability studies are based on attack variables such as target selection factors, weapon selection factors, abort and attrition rates, aiming errors, and weather factors. DOD studies based on repeated attack trials which consider many likely variations of these factors are used in developing program proposals, in evaluating the effectiveness of alternative programs and in planning to minimize the vulnerability of civil defense and other activities.

Following an actual attack, damage assessment will estimate the effects of the attack on human and survival resources of the Nation. The ability to estimate rapidly the number of survivors and the survival supplies and services available to them is essential for the decisions required in civil defense emergency operations. Such rapid assessments will be provided by a large scale computer used in peacetime for vulnerability analyses. In successive stages, postattack assessments will be refined by aerial reconnaissance, surface and aerial radiological monitoring, and finally, by on-site inspections of actual damage.

Computer support is required for other OCD operations in peacetime. These include the maintenance of a national shelter inventory, processing the inputs of the continuing shelter survey, maintenance of records on shelter facilities marked, licensed and stocked, and for engineering evaluations of shelter designs for degree of fallout protection, shelter capacity, and costs.

In order to meet the needs of preattack vulnerability analysis and postattack assessments, an accurate data base is essential. This data base includes:

Population

Fallout shelters

Housing

Local food stocks

Water supply systems

Hospitals

Health personnel
Local medical stocks
Local fuel supply

Local power availability

The fiscal year 1965 budget estimate provides for

(1) Purchase of the OCD computer. The present computer rental agree ment contains a 2-year option-to-buy clause which includes the standard GSA provision for credit of rental payments, on a percentage basis, toward purchase. Exercise of a purchase option during the last half of fiscal year 1965 would enable OCD to purchase a computer at the lowest possible cost, thereby offering the greatest advantage to the Federal Government. Through purchase, it is estimated that approximately $3 million in Federal funds could be saved over the next 5 years.

(2) Maintenance of the data base. The level of funds requested for fiscal year 1965 represents the estimated continuing level of effort for maintenance of the data base that we now anticipate during subsequent years. This level represents a decline from that experienced in prior years (fiscal year 1962, $664,600; fiscal year 1963, $1,037,388; fiscal year 1964, $500,000; fiscal year 1965, $400,000).

TRAINING AND EDUCATION

As indicated in the facing table, an effective national civil defense requires the active participation of literally millions of trained individuals including civil defense officials, shelter managers, radiological monitors, other emergency workers, and architects and engineers. In addition, the general public must be informed of steps they can take to enhance their chances of survival and to assist their governments in preparing for and in meeting emergencies in the event of attack.

To meet these needs the Federal Government employs two basic methods:

1. Direct training of civil defense officials and skills instructors. This training is carried out through three DOD civil defense schools at Brooklyn, N.Y.; Battle Creek, Mich.; and Alameda, Calif. The present training capacity of these schools is 8,000 student weeks of instruction per year.

2. Training through contractual agreement. Through the auspices of the Office of Education, Public Health Service, and the Department of Agriculture, courses are offered the public in civil defense adult education, medical self-help, and rural civil defense. The Department of Defense has also contracted with one land-grant college or State university in each State to give courses for State and local civil defense officials and skills instructors. In addition, shelter design and analysis courses are conducted for architects and engineers by selected schools and universities or traveling teams. To further assist State and local governments in carrying out their civil defense training programs, the DOD develops and distributes training materials.

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The continued development of the national civil defense system will demand a high degree of cooperative action particularly at the local level. The new shelter development activity, continuation of shelter survey, marking and provisioning, development of shelter space through private initiative and the effective utilization of this shelter will succeed only to the extent that local decisionmakers, e.g., local governments, school boards, business and industrial leaders, homeowners, choose to participate. The primary objective of public information is to assist the local civil defense officials to persuade local decisionmakers to act effectively in the development of the local civil defense capability.

The use of mass media is important to keep before the public an awareness of civil defense, that is, what it is, and why it is. However, experience shows for a complex program without popular appeal, such as civil defense, selective person-to-person contact is the most important ingredient in persuading individuals and groups to take specific actions. Accordingly, major emphasis is upon the development of information materials for direct use at the local level; extensive use of radio and television in carrying out the public awareness activity; and specialized material to keep civil defense officials and other leaders constantly informed on the program and to provide technical guidance to professions, such as architects and engineers.

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This activity provides financial assistance to States for procurement of survival supplies, equipment, and training; construction of protected emergency operating centers for State and local governments; and personnel and administrative expenses necessary to maintain civil defense capability at all governmental levels.

The chart provides a breakdown of the fiscal year 1965 budget request for these purposes, including a comparison with prior fiscal years. Major program activities are more fully described in succeeding pages.

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