The budget request provides the funds to meet the fiscal year 1965 objectives set forth above as well as to lay the base for obtaining additional operational shelter space in fiscal year 1966. The fiscal year 1965 budget request includes: 1. Nine and two-tenths million dollars for continuing the shelter survey using the same criteria applied to the nationwide survey in 1962 and 1963. It is estimated that surveys of new buildings completed from construction during the year will yield at least 6 million shelter spaces at an average cost of $1.53 per space.

2. Forty-six and four-tenths million dollars for procurement of standard shelter provisions for stocking an additional 18.8 million shelter spaces. The supplies required through fiscal year 1965 are based upon a conservative projection of actual stocking experience during the 11⁄2 years since inception of the program. Through early April 1964, balanced quantities of supplies to sustain 2 weeks' occupancy for 22 million people have been placed in shelter areas in 41.200 facilities. However, the rated capacity of potential space in these facilities is sufficient to accommodate 33.7 million people, indicating that stock issue experience amounts to 65 percent of the total capacity of surveyed shelter areas. Application of this percentage factor to the 128 million spaces located in fiscal year 1965 results in a shelter supplies requirement of 83.2 million spaces. This has been discounted down to 79 million on the basis of experience rates in building owner refusals to accept stocks.

3. Fifty-four and five-tenths million dollars for equipment for improving shelter capacity and use. Of this amount, $50 million is related to the procurement of portable ventilation kits which, when placed in shelter areas already located by the national shelter survey, would provide for an additional 20 million licensed spaces at a cost of $2.50 per shelter space. This compares to approximately $11.90 per space for permanent ventilation improvements and $25 or more per space in new construction.

4. Seven and two-tenths million dollars for the identification of existing fallout protection in structures such as private home basements and small buildings not previously covered by the national shelter survey. Location of the space available in these smaller shelters can make a significant contribution to the total of 50 to 55 million spaces which Defense Department projections indicate are required from private initiative to achieve fallout protection for the entire population. The identification of shelter space will be accomplished for single family homes by means of a high-speed computer analyzing data as submitted by the homeowner and for other small structures by a visit of an engineer to complete a simple data collection form. It is estimated that all single family homes with basements will have the opportunity of being analyzed, and that 73,400 small structures other than single family homes would also be surveyed. These small shelters do not meet Federal public shelter criteria of a minimum of 50 spaces per facility and, therefore, will not be marked and stocked at Federal expense.

5. Ten million dollars to provide professional community planning services to local governments to help establish a workable shelter system which will include the assignment of individuals to specific shelters. These initial assignments will also define with precision, areas of shelter deficit in which low-cost opportunities to create more shelter should be exploited. The updating effort, estimated to require up to $1 million annually as new shelter space is created, would not be federally funded.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

In fiscal year 1965, effort on all program areas will be increased with preferential increments assigned systems analysis and integration, and to postshelter hazards, countermeasures, and operations. Emphasis on shelter and support systems research would be given to problems expected to be serious obstacles to completion of the terminal phases of the action programs.

The charts and narrative on the pages which follow provide additional explanation of the significant items in the fiscal year 1965 budget request.

FUNDING SUMMARY

This chart sets forth the Federal civil defense funding program for fiscal years 1963-65.

The fiscal year 1965 request of $358 million provides generally for continuation of the present civil defense program covering research, warning, planning, training, and provisioning operations essential to the use of shelter space which is currently available in existing buildings, plus initiation of the proposed program

31-706-64-pt. 1-46

for dual-purpose public fallout shelter development, for which new legislative authority is being proposed similar to H.R. 8200 currently before the Congress.

1 Excludes $2,200,000 O. & M. funds transferred to Department of Army (31 U.S.C. 581c(a)) and $400,000 unobligated O. & M. funds returned to Treasury on June 30, 1963.

WARNING AND DETECTION PROGRAM

This program provides for (a) a nationwide warning system to alert the populalation of attack or impending natural disaster emergencies, (b) the detection, evaluation, and dissemination of radiological fallout data during an emergency,

and (c) the warehousing and maintenance of radiological and engineering supplies and equipment located in Government-controlled warehouses.

The chart provides a breadkdown of the fiscal year 1965 budget request for these purposes, including a comparison with prior fiscal years. Major program activities are more fully described in succeeding pages.

Over the past several years funds have been applied to research, development, and testing of a variety of indoor warning systems utilizing telephone, radio, and electric powerlines for transmission of the signals. A national emergency alarm repeater system utilizing electric powerlines is potentially capable of transmitting the warning signal to about 96 percent of the indoor population at home at, work, at school, and other places of public assembly. This NEAR warning system has been proven technically and a systemwide test in lower Michigan this summer will produce the engineering data to permit installation on a systemwise basis in the event that requirements for this system arise in the future. The prodominate emphasis had been on powerline warning because of the restrictions placed on the use of radio by conelrad and the high costs of radio alert and warning receivers. However, the discontinuance of conelrad by order of the Federal Communications Commission on May 24, 1963, has removed restrictions on broadcasting in times of emergency. Further, recent research and technological developments show that indoor radio warning systems appear to be highly attractive on the basis of cost and coverage. Studies indicate that radio systems can provide an indoor alerting and warning capability at a considerably lower transmitter modification cost than required for installation of NEAR converters. In addition, radio component prices have been reduced so that it is now believed possible to obtain a radio receiver which will utilize its speaker for an alerting noise and provide a voice capability for warning information at approximately the same cost as a NEAR alert receiver.

Among the most promising candidates with excellent operating reliability under nuclear attack conditions are low-frequency, long-range radio transmissions which may be received indoors, or which alternatively may be received by local AM radio stations which in turn rebroadcast warning signals and supplementary information.

The fiscal year 1965 budget also provides for the continuation and expansion of the Washington area warning system for the seat of the Federal Government, covering the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. The system is composed essentially of the following: (1) an outdoor warning system, (2) a wireline area communications circuit, and (3) a bell and light circuit serving Government installations.

To assure an effective national warning system (nawas) for transmission of warning and interchange of vital information, the operators of warning points must be protected from fallout gamma radiation. In addition to receiving and disseminating warning information (not only of initial attacks but subsequent attacks), warning points gather and forward pertinent information to OCD warning centers and regions and to other warning points. This capability will be maintained by protecting the warning installations from fallout radiation. During fiscal year 1965 we propose to protect 228 such installations throughout the country.

CHART 3

Warning and alert

Radio indoor warning system..

To complete development and testing of AM receivers and broadcasting station signaling devices, as well as other radio warning systems. Washington area warning system (Wawas) for outdoor warning---Procurement of 58 sirens. Maintenance and operation of

Fallout shelters for warning points---

$1,100,000

400, 000

system.

900, 000

Fallout protection and emergency power, where required, for 228 warning points participating in the national warning network. Total.

2, 400, 000

RADIOLOGICAL FALLOUT DETECTION AND MONITORING

In the event of a nuclear attack on the United States, fallout radiation in varying degrees of intensity would be present in most areas of the country. Protection of the people from overexposure, early recovery of vital facilities, revival of farming, essential transportation, and restoration of utilities require an organized capability of detecting, monitoring, reporting, and analysis of the fallout situation at each affected locality. Radiation detection and measuring instruments are the only means of gaining reliable information of the fallout radiation levels at any one time at a geographic location. Initial procurement and spare parts

The Department of Defense is providing the instrumentation and training necessary to establish a nationwide monitoring network. The goal is to establish 150,000 ground monitoring stations, manned by trained personnel of Federal, State, and local governments, and 5,000 aerial monitoring points at county and municipal airports which would be operated by the Civil Air Patrol through procedures approved by the U.S. Air Force and the Federal Aviation Agency. Aerial monitoring would be especially valuable immediately after an attack when radiation intensities could make ground monitoring to dangerous and later for monitoring agricultural lands.

In addition to equipment for the monitoring nets, instrumentation is being provided for training personnel to man the stations and for radiological monitoring in and near public shelters.

Pilot production

Pilot production provides the bridge between instrument development and the mass production thereof. The results of a pilot run, coupled with data obtained during field trials, are incorporated into the specifications used for the large procurements necessary for implementation of a nationwide RADEF program. Production surveillance and field trials

A reliable radiological defense program requires a comprehensive controlling and supporting program for the instrumentation used therein. The civil defense missions require that RADEF instruments be manufactured to the highest standards of reliability. Experience has established that the physical principles utilized in the design of instruments are amendable to mass production techniques. Therefore, a continous upgrading of production specifications to improve utility and reliability of instruments has been initiated. These refinements are made on the basis of field trials, procurement and production experience, as well as comprehensive studies of the environment applicable to the civil defense mission. Early organized field trials, under simulated operating conditions, are extremely important for new and expensive instrument types, such as aerial surveys meters and remote sensors.

An inventory of emergency supplies and equipment under the direction of OCD was valued at approximately $36.5 million as of June 30, 1963. Included in this inventory is engineering equipment valued at approximately $10 million, radiological defense equipment valued at approximately $24.7 million, and chemical and biological defense equipment valued at approximately $1.8 million. Responsibility for warehousing and maintenance of engineering and radiological stockpiles was transferred to the Defense Supply Agency during the latter part of fiscal year 1962. The program is carried out on a reimbursable basis and this budget estimate provides the funds to reimburse DSA for services performed.

Radef instruments depend on the measurements of an infinitesimally small electrical current in order to detect and gage a fallout hazard. Because of the magnitude of the electrical signal, the materials of construction of these detectors are extremely critical. A small amount of contamination on an insulator can completely conceal the presence of a radiation hazard. Therefore, Radef instruments require continuous care and frequent checks.

The 11 Federal depots are not adequate to maintain the large numbers of Radef instruments that have been granted to the public shelters, monitoring stations and those loaned and granted for use in training. Further, it is not economically feasible to ship these instruments the long distances involved to the 11 depots. Therefore, OCD is encouraging and assisting the States to develop "statewide maintenance and calibration" systems wherein the States would care for the instruments supplied to them using equipment on loan and grant by the Federal Government. This program has been implemented in 13 States and Puerto Rico, including New York and California. Nine additional States will be added in calendar year 1964. In addition to their current maintenance programs, the depots serving OCD will also provide a calibration capability.

Funds requested in fiscal year 1965 will provide shop equipment for complete and adequate inspection, maintenance, and calibration programs in these 22 States. In addition, the fiscal year 1965 budget provides funds for contracting with 10 additional States to utilize their Army National Guard facilities, orgánization, and personnel on a part-time basis to provide a fully operating system for maintenance and calibration of all civil defense monitoring instruments in the State. During fiscal year 1964 a pilot project with the State of Nebraska was undertaken and proved highly successful.