In fiscal year 1965 the Foundation will support approximately 293 scientific information projects totaling $12 million. These projects will be conducted by professional scientific societies, research foundations, colleges and universities, and other private institutions. The fiscal year 1965 program also provides $800,000 for international scientific information exchange projects.

The documentation research programs seek to (1) identify the information needs of scientists, (2) develop improved techniques and procedures for indexing, storing, retrieving, and disseminating scientific information, and (3) develop foreign-language machine translation systems for processing scientific information.

The foreign science information program includes (1) improvement of translation activities with emphasis on selective rather than cover-to-cover translation of scientific journals and articles; (2) projects designed to alert U.S. scientists to scientific and technical activities of other countries; (3) encouragement of cooperative foreign acquisition programs among research libraries, scientific societies and Federal agencies; (4) continued support of cooperative international scientific information activities.

The research data and information services program includes (1) management and funding of the Science Information Exchange operated by the Smithsonian Institution, (2) studies directed at the major problems of primary distribution, announcement, and indexing of scientific and technical literature generated by agencies of the Federal Government, and (3) support of the National Referral Center for Science and Technology operated by the Library of Congress.

This program assists in achieving an optimum publication system for the dissemination of research results. Major emphasis is placed on the improvement of indexing and abstracting systems. The impact of the rapidly increasing amount of scientific information has overwhelmed the scientific societies, which are the principal publishers of such information. These societies_have_generally exhausted their sources of additional income and must have Federal assistance to improve their publication activities, which are vital to research and development in this country.

An amount of $500,000 is budgeted for fiscal year 1965 to provide partial support for the travel of selected U.S. scientists to attend international scientific conferences and visit foreign research institutions, universities, and libraries for the purpose of learning about research and development being conducted by foreign scientists. In addition, $300,000 is estimated for implementation of exchange of scientist agreements between the National Academy of Sciences of the United States and the Academies of Sciences of East European countries.

SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAMS

The science education programs supported by the foundation are designed to help U.S. educational institutions produce highly competent scientists, mathematicians, and engineers in sufficient numbers to meet the Nation's needs. The programs reach all levels in the educational system and are directed to the production of better teachers, better courses, better students, and better scientists. In fiscal year 1965, $137 million will be allocated to science education programs, with particular emphasis given to encouraging an increase in the number of graduate students in the sciences.

Fellowships and traineeships enable well-qualified students, teachers, and scientists to obtain advanced training in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering. An amount of $54 million is budgeted for fiscal year 1965 including $20 million for the graduate traineeship program. The primary purpose of the traineeship program is to increase graduate enrollments, with particular emphasis on first year graduate students, thus making maximum use of the existing graduate school capacity of colleges and universities. The fellowships and traineeships programs also help achieve higher standards in graduate education, increasing the capabilities of teachers and scientists, and assisting in broadening the base for graduate-level training.

The institute programs are group training activities designed to update and upgrade the scientific backgrounds of the Nation's teachers. The $45 million requested for fiscal year 1965 will provide for the training of about 4,200 college teachers, 35,000 secondary school teachers, and 3,000 elementary school teachers. Since the participants in these programs are individuals currently active in the teaching profession, the improvement of their abilities is of immediate benefit to students.

This program supports projects designed to improve the quality of the course materials available to elementary schools, secondary schools, and colleges. The projects utilize the experience and knowledge of thousands of teachers and research scientists throughout the country in seeking new and improved approaches to the presentation of science, mathematics, and engineering courses. Varied approaches are used so that individual school systems may select courses and course materials which are most appropriate to their own needs.

This group of programs supports a variety of projects that benefit science education. The programs are research participation and scientific activities for teachers; science education for undergraduate students; science education for secondary school students; and specialized advanced science education projects. These programs are designed to meet special problems and to seek out new ideas and methods for improving science education.

This activity supports science resources analyses and economic and scientific personnel studies related to the Foundation's responsibility for assisting in the formulation of long-range national policies with regard to science. The specific objectives of this activity are (1) the development of factual studies of the Nation's resources for science; (2) the coordination of long-range planning within the Foundation; and (3) participation in the formulation of policy for science and technology.

All administrative costs of the National Science Foundation, including management of the various program activities and the executive direction and administrative management of the agency are included in this activity. The funds are used for compensation of staff and consultants, travel, and such other expenses as administrative services procured by contract, transportation, rents, communications, equipment, supplies and materials. The amount budgeted for fiscal year 1965 provides for administrative expenses of less than 3 percent of the total appropriation request.

Senator MAGNUSON. One thing I wanted to ask you, you have got 700 colleges in 1965 that will receive one or more grants. I presume you have got a breakdown here, haven't you?

Dr. HAWORTH. Yes, sir; in the budget. The past history is in the book.

Senator MAGNUSON. You estimate 700?

Dr. HAWORTH. Yes.

Senator MAGNUSON. Is that a bigger spread than last year or a smaller spread?

Dr. HAWORTH. Roughly the same.

Senator MAGNUSON. By spread I mean the number of colleges. Dr. RIECKEN. 680 to 700.

Senator MAGNUSON. How many colleges are there?

Dr. HAWORTH. About 1,100, that give bachelor degrees.

Senator MAGNUSON. But we are gradually getting a bigger spread, which is the point I want to make.

Senator ALLOTT. Eighty percent of that is going to the Pacific, Northeast, and the North Central. In dollars.

And all of the institutions in the Mountain States share the other 20 percent with the South and the South Atlantic.

Dr. HAWORTH. This is a major problem today.

Senator MAGNUSON. I must say they have made some progress on this because at one time you will recall, 4 or 5 years ago, those figures were much more contractive than that.

Dr. BRONK. This will continue to improve in this regard because they get a better foundation for building.

Dr. HAWORTH. These tables, Senator Allott, relate the dollar amounts to the degrees.