NEW PUBLICATIONS.-The present year seems to be uncommonly prolific of new periodical works, literary and religious. The Journal of Education,' published in Boston, promises, if we may judge from a very hasty examination of the first number, many excellent suggestions, and much valuable information, on the general subject to which it is devoted. The first two numbers of the 'American Magazine of Letters and Christianity,' issued at Princeton, contain much valuable matter, well arranged. The Troy Review,' which we have already noticed, devotes a part of its pages to sacred music, and from the numbers issued, as well as from the character of gentle men interested in it as contributors, we think it will render important service to that much neglected and much abused subject. We are pleased with the appearance of the North Carolina Telegraph,' a religions publication just commenced at Fayetteville. It appears weekly, in the octavo form, and gives, seasonably, the most interesting reli gious intelligence of the day.

A 'National Academy of the Arts of Design' has been instituted in the city of New York It is formed on the plan of academies of arts in Europe. The association consists of professional artists, amateur artists, and students; who have elected Mr. Morse their president.

ALABAMA.-The trustees of the University of Alabama have made a report, by which it appears that 12,718 acres of land, belonging to that institution, have been sold, producing, with interest and rents, the sum of $276,956.17. There remains yet for sale, 33,361 acres; and it is supposed the aggregate produced by the whole will exceed $705,000.

SOUTH AMERICA.-Mr. Brigham, missionary of the American Board, gives the following pleasant account of stage-travelling across the continent from Buenos Ayres to Valparaiso.

Our mode of travelling, was, on wheels The first of the two vehicles, which transported us, was a ponderous,

old fashioned Spanish coach, which looked as if it might have come to the country in the days of the first conquerors. The second was called a cariton, consisting of a kind of coach-body set on two wheels, with a door behind, on two long longitudinal scats, which placed those within face to face. To secure these vehicles against breaking in the pampas, where there would be none to repair them, the spokes, shafts, springs, and under-rigging, were all closely wound with strips of untanned hide. Two entire hides were then spread over each carriage to exclude the rain and sun, and were held in their places by numerous strips of the same material fastened to their many corners, and lashed to the rigging below. Other hides were then suspended between the body and the lower works to receive the numerous pots, kettles, pans, and piggins, for cooking; and the axes, saws, chisels, hammers, nails, ropes, &c. which we might have use for in the way. To be still more secure, several spare axle trees, and other timbers, were lashed over the forward wheels, before the coach body, with their ends projecting far out on both sides, and were secured with many a knot of raw hide. Behind the body was then piled a great number of large trunks, and over them lashed our beds and blankets

As there was danger to be apprehended from Indians in the pampas, Don Lucas provided about 30 arms of different kinds, consisting of muskets, blunderbusses, carbines, huge iron swords, and pistols, most of which were lashed along the sides with more raw hide strings. In fact there was scarcely a square inch of the exterior of these vehicles, which was not covered, or crossed, by some of those strings mentioned.

Such was the appearance of these carriages when I first saw them at the house of Don Lucas, on the day of our departure. From their immense size and numberless appendages, it seemed to me impossible that they could be rolled to Mendoza in a whole year. I was soon convinced, bowever, that I had misjudged; for soon we were all comfortably seated within, and moving on,

at the rate of 12 miles per hour. Leaving Buenos Ayres at 12 of the day we reached Lujan, 20 leagues distant, by the setting of the sun.

Although these vehicles were very amusing objects when standing by the door, they became increasingly so, when connected with the team and teamsters, and set in motion. The great coach was drawn by six horses, the other, by three, all attached to the carriages by long twisted hide ropes connected with a ring of the saddle. The horses drew, therefore, as is usual in this country, wholly by means of the girth."

Of their accommodations on the road, Mr. B. says, "In addition to the villages mentioned, and some others of less importance, there are a great number of single houses, most of which are postas. The proprietor of the posa is generally a large land and cattle holder, and has his house near the road for the accommodation of the mail and travellers. That he may furnish passengers with fresh horses, and on little notice, he has always in connexion with his, one or two houses, (which, by the way, are mere mud cottages, covered with cane poles and wild grass,) a coral, or large yard, formed by setting poles around a circular or square space, into which a large drove of horses is driven and caught, when called for. Many of these post-keepers, although they live like Cossacks, have great wealth, farms from three to eight leagues square, and covered with five, eight, and even up to twenty thousand head of cattle and horses. Indeed, one by the name of Rosas, in the province of Buenos Ayres, has 30,000."

The hire of these horses is, a source of considerable profit to the owners of the postas.

"The company, in which I came, required always fourteen horses, nine of which were coach horses, and one a baggage horse, and paid each one rial (twelve cents and a half) per league; and the others, which were rode, half that sum. In some stages, where a change of team was furnished, the sum paid was sixteen or eighteen dollars, and this without any expense to him for harness, or carriage, and without interfering with his ordinary business. This tax for the use of horses is strangely high, considering their value.

As I have said before, they travel

through these pampas with great speed, 30 and even 40 leagues a day. This is done by fast driving, and frequent changes; not by travelling by night. As the post houses are generally four or five leagues apart, the coach, when approaching, can be seen half, and sometimes the whole of this distance, so level is the country. When it is discove ed, the peones of the posta are despatched for the purpose of driving the two or three hundred horses into the coral, knowing that they will be speedily wanted. This task is usually accom plished by the time the coach arrives. Fresh horses are then selected, by means of the laso, and as the harness consists only of a tightly girthed saddle and rope, it is soon put on, and all ready for another march. If the stage is long, 10 or 12 leagues, a troop of horses is driven along side, and put in place of the weary ones, at the middle of the stage. In this way, the traveller is always carried on a long gallop. This is true at least of the east half of the way, and by those who are mounted, all the distance. The sand will not always permit a coach to go so rapidly, in the provinces of San Luis and Mendoza.

MUSIC OF THE ROCKS.-There is a rock in South America, on the banks of the river Oronoko, called Piedra de Carichana Vieja, near which, Humboldt says, travellers have heard, from time to time, about sunrise, subterraneous sounds, similar to those of the organ. Humboldt was not himself fortunate enough to hear this mysterious music, but still he believes in its reality, and ascribes those sounds to the difference of temperature in the subterraneous and the external air, which at sunrise is most distant from the highest degree of heat on the preceding day. The current of air which issues through he crevices of the rock produces, in his opinion, those sounds, which are heard by applying the ear to the stone in a lying position. May we not suppose (Humboldt adds) that the ancient inhabitants of Egypt, during their frequent navigations up and down the Nile, may have made the same observation about a rock of Thebais, and that this "Music of the Rocks" led to the fraud of the priests with the statue of Memnon? When the "rosy-fingered Aurora mede her son, the glorious Memnon, sound,“

it was nothing but the voice of a man concealed under the pedestal of the statue. But the observation of the natives of Oronoko seems to explain, in a natural way, what gave birth to the Egyptian faith in a stone that issued sounds at sunrise.-Edinburgh Mag.

PERU.-Bolivar has directed public provision to be made for the education of the Indians in Peru. In the colleges, Liberty and St. Charles, $300 a month are to be appropriated for the support and instruction of Indian youths: and in the College of Independencia $200 more are devoted to the same purpose.

CHILI-A poor woodcutter is said to have discovered, near Coquimbo, a silver mine which is supposed to be richer than the mine of Potosi. Some specimens of the ore contain 50 per cent. of pure silver. Letters state that the mine extends in serpentine directions for twelve or thirteen leagues, and that from the vein which was discovered, minerals have been dug out in 20 days, which are worth more than half a mil lion of dollars. It is estimated that in the course of a year, from four mines since discovered, and which are evidently a continuation of the first, not less than five millions of dollars will be obtained.

a

ENGLAND.---The Dissenters in Great Britain have established newspaper to be devoted to their own interests-the first, it would seem, that they have attempted. It was to commence with the year, under the following title: "The Dissenters' Gazette; or London, Norwich, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh, and Glasgow Weekly Newspaper of Politics, Commerce, Literature, and Christian Philanthrophy."

"Neither the church nor the cabinet," say the editors, in their prospectus, "can be surprised that such a body as the Dissenters of Great Britain should announce a Gazette of their non. The only wonder is that, hitherto, they have had no public organ of their sentiments and feelings, and no formal register of their affairs. This must have convinced the government that nonconformists are not party politicians, nor ill-affected to the constitution: and Row, that they are about to speak for

themselves, it is not because they are assuming a new political aspect, but that they may assert and sustain their real character before the world. Haying nothing to conceal, and being abundantly able to support their own cause, they feel that they owe it to themselves and to the state, to prevent, in future, those mistakes and misrepresentations of their principles and designs, which so often disgrace the public journals, and abuse the public mind."

Another extract will show that the term Dissenters does not in this instance include the Presbyterians of the established church of Scotland.

"It is no part of their design to attack the Episcopal or Presbyterian Establishment of the country; but they will never shrink from a spirited vindication of non-conformity, whenever it is maligned or misrepresented. Good men of both establishments will be treated with the utmost courtesy and kindness; and LIBELLERS of all denominations may calculate upon having ample justice done to them. Reviews shall not conceal, cathedrals shall not shelter, the intolerant or intemperate from merited reprehension."

SCOTLAND.-The Edinburgh Maga zine for October contains a notice of a new establishment at Orbiston, on the general plan of Mr. Owen. As Mr. Owen's schemes are attracting some notice in the United States, we quote the description of this establishment as being the offspring of his system. Mr. Owen's system is charged with infidel principles: it does not appear that religious influence is to form the charac ter of the community at Orbiston.

"The building, when finished, will present about 880 feet front-4 stories high. It will accommodate 1000 to 1500 individuals, and may cost from £10,000 to £15,000, when complete. The east wing is covered in, and blue slated. This is intended for the children. The whole range will be ready for the roof in three or four weeks, and a portion of them will then be occupied. An oven, stoves, boilers, and other cooking apparatus, is getting up, to be in readiness for the first inhabitants of the new community. Besides the agricul tural department, and such as are requisite to supply their own wants. (such as baker, brewer, tailor, shoemaker, butcher, &c.,) they propose the manu

facture of wheel-carriages, machinery, and leather and cabinet furniture; but they will be guided in a great measure by the capabilities of the applicants. The object intended by this experiment is twofold:-to ascertain the extent to which all children can be trained to prefer virtue and industry to vice and idleness; and to ascertain to what height the lowest can be raised. The way the promoters of the plan propose to proceed with the children, is merely in the formation of their inclinations, for they disregard the use of force altogether. They say, if we cannot make them all prefer what is best for them, we can do nothing." To raise the lowest they discard all'artificial, irrational distinction.' In their whole community they wish to have neither 'master' nor‘servant,' and yet they expect to have all the advantages which can be derived from the command of servants, without the plague and expense that attends them. Their confidence in the success of their views arises from a belief that it is as much the interest of the rich to adopt this system as it is of the poor. The system, they say, appears as dark to those who do not comprehend it, as the steam-engine did to the Peruvians before they saw it in motion, and they expect the conviction of utility to be equally complete and conspicuous. Many of the middling classes, and some of the higher, have made application for apartments, and in these apartments there are no distinctions. The public rooms are equally open to all who are clean in person and dress, and equally shut against all who are otherwise. For the use of those who want time or inclination to clean themselves, there are other inferior eating-rooms; but it is expected that after labour is over, (which may be about five in the afternoon,) all will be clean and neat, as we understand that the richer members are inclined to adopt a comfortable cheap dress, such as jacket and pantaloons, to avoid as much as possible all invidious distinction. Their arrangements are intended to give complete liberty to all; for all the people may lie in bed till mid-day if they please, with this simple proviso, that they must, by labour or capital, convey to the general fund as much as they take from it. They have as much land (290 statute acres) as will yield food to the whole community; and their object is to avoid all opposition of inter

est. Their plan is that recommended so strenuously by Mr. Owen; and they have been enabled to put it more easily in practice, from the circumstance of dividing the proprietors from the tenants. In fact, it is simply a joint-stock company; the stock divided into two hundred shares, payable by quarterly instalments of £10 per share. The proprietors purchase the land, build the dwellings and workshops, stock them with furniture, utensils, and machinery, and let the whole to a company of tenants. The advantages of this combination, they say, will afford more comfort and independence for the sum of £50 a year, than can be obtained for five times that sum elsewhere; but this is one of the assertions which the experiment is to prove.”

IRELAND.--The Hanging Gardens of Limerick, are a great curiosity. An acre of ground is covered with arches of various heights, the highest forty feet, and the lowest twenty-five; over these arches is placed a layer of earth five feet in thickness, and planted with choice fruit trees and flowers. The arches are employed as cellars for spirituous liquors, and will hold nearly two thousand hogsheads. The work was commenced in 1808, and was com

pleted in about five or six years. The expense of the whole undertaking was £15,000.

All

FRANCE.-In Paris the royal library has above 700,000 printed volumes, and 70,000 manuscripts; the library of Monsieur, 150,000 printed volumes, and 5,000 manuscripts; the library of St. Genevieve, 110,000 printed volumes, and 2,000 manuscripts; the Mazarine library, 92,000 printed volumes, and 3,000 manuscripts; the library of the city of Paris, 20,000 volumes. these are daily open to the public! In the departments there are twenty-five public libraries, with above 1,700,000 volumes; of which Aix has 72,670: Marseilles, 31,500; Toulouse, 30,000; Bordeaux, 100,000; Tours, 30,000; Lyons, 106,000; Versailles, 40,000; and Amiens, 40,000. In the royal library at Paris, there are several uncollated manuscripts of the scriptures.

U.S. L. Gaz.

SARDINIA. A royal edict, it is said, has been lately issued, directing that in future, no person shall read or write