We append the complete census of Alabama for 1850-that of 1840 we published some months ago. STATE OF ALABAMA-SEVENTH CENSUS, 1850. Autauga. 1114 1133 3231 3043 3556 19 11 6 3 2595 1 7274 Families. White Males. White Females. Colored Males, Colored Females. 16 7197 3639 70 553 14 12802 11158 209 1342 56 4620 3769 68 445 4910 4876 198 456 16 5383 557 66 604 2443 4 2 4394 123 498 12 697 749 32 72 874 1203 49 61 23 6 1533 5 210978 10534 323 11 8368 139171 220 10645 936 67 1438 34 1006 21 969 23 5153 12 983 983 2875 2641 1 258 262 616 579 9 13 1217 1496 34 141 14 10579 7477 100 1115 32 11835 128 666 6 Dwelling-houses. 47644 48265142604 132213 816 961 276594 280411 6656| 27748 681 RECAPITULATION. 47,644 Deaths during the year.. Manufacturing establishments pro- 6,656 27,748 681 ..557,005 | Federal representative population.. 444,840 25426 25521 77124 74566 231 264 152185 62481 2428 14216 341 1 6925 908 86 573 5 7978 868 112 586 12 3437 163 584 13 1321 68 TOTAL POPULATION, &c., OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA. Northern.... 25426 25521 77124 74566 231 264 152185 62481 2428 14216 341 47644 48265 142604 132213 816 961 276594 280411 6656 27748 681 73070 73786 219728 206779 1047 1225 428779 3428929084 41964 1022 2,428 14,216 341 ART. IV.-INDUSTRY OF THE SOUTH.* Ir has become very apparent within the last fifteen years, that the leading object of southern industry is far less productive than it was in the infancy of the cotton culture; that is to say, the average prices of cotton have not been maintained, even although the production has not largely increased since 1840. This diminished value of production appears to be progressive, growing out of causes which have developed themselves in the 35 years of peace which the world at large has enjoyed since 1815. In all that time, communication with distant countries has been multiplied, new sources of supply and demand have been opened, and great as has been the improvement in the demand for those articles which constitute the materials of manufacturing industry, the raw materials have been supplied in greater abundance, causing a continued fall in the values of each. Taking England as the workshop of the world, we may construct a table of raw materials imported from time to time. IMPORTS RAW MATERIALS INTO ENGLAND. Hemp: 1835. 1840. 1845. 1850. 72,352,200.... 81,916,100....4,027,649....41,718,514....196,013,963....326,407,692 82,971,700....139,301,600....3,860,980. .50,002,976.. .276,137,356....531,197,817 ....103,416,400....159,562.300....4,058,737....59,813,855....325,851,292. 682,107,700 .117,971,100....201,928,700....4,942,417. 72,674,483.... 400,516,700....714,502,600 1851 10 mos.117,504,000.... 98,645,300....3,863,651....69,924,106....290,637,556....666,223,760 Thus each of the five great materials of textile fabrics was greatly increased in supply, and some of them in a greater proportion even than cotton. From 1835 to 1850 the last rather more than doubled in quantity, that is to say, in the last year the import was 388 million pounds greater than in 1835. So, also, of the four articles, the import was 204 millions pounds greater. It will be observed, that THE FUTURE WEALTH OF AMERICA: Being a Glance at the Resources of the United States, and the Commercial and Agricultural advantages of cultivating Tea, Coffee, and Indigo, the Date, Mango, Jack, Leechee, Guava, and Orange trees, &c., with a Review of the China trade. By Francis Bonynge, for 14 years a resident in India and West of China. this is only the increased receipt of raw materials into the workshops of England. Those of the continent have received similarly increased quantities. Now, if we compare the quantities of those articles which England has derived from the United States in each year, we have results as follows: In 1835 the United States furnished one-half of the raw material of English manufacture; in 1850, about one-third only. Notwithstanding the continued fall in prices, other raw materials work more and more into fabrics which but a short time since were exclusively cotton, and the same operation apparent in this table of English consumption manifests itself also in all the markets of the continent, as well as in the United States. Through its means, the profits of the cotton culture are materially reduced, as also are the profits of English manufactures under general competition. It will be observed of three principal materials, silk, cotton, and wool, that the events of the last quarter of a century have tended to promote supply more particularly in the last ten years, in which time the Chinese trade has been brought into greater regularity in supplying silk, and Australia has become the great wool country, while the United States' cotton power has been eminently developed. In the same period, also, the industry of Russia has received a more intelligent development, supplying greater quantities of hemp and flax at cheaper rates. All these sources have enhanced the supply of raw material for textile fabrics fifty per cent. in ten years, and, perhaps, somewhat faster than the demand for the goods produced would take them up. The influence of one material upon the other has been continually made more effective by the ingenious combinations of the cheapest among them into the new fabrics. Thus, fabrics of silk and wool, wool and cotton, silk and cotton, silk, cotton and wool, have all assumed different textures and different proportions of each material, according to the relative cheapness of each; consequently, the price of any one has always been checked by that of the others, and the value of all has been influenced by collateral circumstances. Thus, the strange operations of the so-called republican government of France, in 1848, injured the trade of the world. The genius of republicanism is individual, state and national independence; the intelligent and self-dependent exercise of the individual faculties make up the sum of a nation's prosperity. The great evils which overtake France and the other countries in Europe flow from centralization. The government, by means of taxes, absorbs the sum of the nation's earnings into the national treasury, and disburses it thence in the support of officers, cliques, and interests. It was supposed that when the revolution took place, that this state of things would be done away with; that the onerous taxes under which the people groaned would be remitted, and that a cheap government would permit the individual energies of the people to develop themselves. Instead of this, a most iniquitous and ignorant clique of demagogues gained power, increased the taxes, and gave a new impulse to the pernicious centralization. Thus, under the absurd pretence of employing people, the government ordered 10,000,000 fr. worth of silk, in one order, at Lyons. They paid for it $1 per yard out of the public treasury, and sold it at auction at 25 cents per yard. That silk was bought mostly by New-York houses, and may now be seen and recognized by its rich tri-color, supplanting cotton material in linings for garments. This is one item only out of a vast number of fallacies committed by the most disgusting demagogues that ever burlesqued government. Such operations destroy the profits of regular industry, by interfering with those immutable laws which cannot be disturbed without inflicting injury upon regular business, and that injury has been more or less apparent in the present year. A singular combination of circumstances seems now likely for a time to reverse that course of events which, for so long a time, has multiplied the raw materials. Among the most prominent of these are the gold discoveries of California, Sandwich Islands and Australia. The tendency of this, particularly in the latter country, is to check if not destroy the wool crops in those regions-the shepherds having very generally deserted their flocks for the gold regions. The case of the Australian colonies, (for this purpose they may all be considered as one,) are as different as can possibly be imagined; besides the usual occupations of agriculture, they have, as everybody. knows, become a field for pastoral enterprise on a scale of unequaled magnitude. The sheep, which constitute their principal wealth, are divided into flocks counting from four hundred to a thousand in number, each of which is intrusted to the care of a single shepherd. Two of these flocks are generally driven together to the same station, where a third person resides, whose duty it is to change the hurdles and watch the sheep by night. The country being infested by wild dogs, it is absolutely necessary that some one should always be present with the sheep, in order to protect them from this cause of destruction, and the force required for this purpose is about three men to every twelve hundred sheep. Now, in the year 1848, the number of sheep in New South Wales and Port Philip exceeded eleven millions six hundred thousand, not to speak of the flocks of South Australia or Van Diemen's Land. It is not, probably, unreasonable to calculate, that in the three years which have elapsed since this return was made, the number of sheep has increased to at least fourteen millions. This enormous amount of property exists from day to day by virtue of the unceasing care and attention bestowed upon it by the shepherds, under a rigid system of central superintendence; without that care, it could not exist for a single week. Now, let our readers imagine the effect which must be produced on the mind of the proprietors of these fourteen millions of sheep by the information that a gold field has been discovered, which is certain to attract away from their existing engagements every shepherd and hut keeper in |