of his government.

-

PAGE.

His death.-Character and reign of Ti-

tus.-Public calamities. - Death of Titus. - Character of Do-

mitian.-Conquest of Britain. - Dacian war. Other wars. —

Cruelty of Domitian. His death. Literature of this period.. 145

-

CHAPTER III.

NERVA, TRAJAN, HADRIAN, ANTONINUS, AURELIUS.

A. U. 849-933. A. D. 96-180.

-

Nerva.-Adoption of Trajan.- His origin and character.-Da-

cian wars. Parthian wars. - Death of Trajan. — Observations.

-Succession of Hadrian. His character. Affairs at Rome.

-Hadrian in Gaul and Britain in Asia and Greece - in

Egypt. Antinous. — Adoptions. — Death of Hadrian. — His

character as an emperor. Rebellion of the Jews. Reign of

Antoninus Pius. M. Aurelius. - Parthian war. — German wars.

Revolt of Cassius. Death of Aurelius. His character.... 167

-

-

-

-

nax.-

CHAPTER III.

COMMODUS, PERTINAX, JULIANUS, SEVERUS.

A. U. 933-964. A. D. 180-211.

-

---

-

--

Commodus. - Conspiracy against him. - Perennis. Cleander.

- Maternus and the deserters. -Death of Cleander. - Vices

of Commodus. · His death.. Elevation and murder of Perti-

- Empire put to auction. - Pescennius Niger.- Septimius

Severus. Clodius Albinus. - March of Severus. Death of

Julian. - Prætorians disbanded. Severus at Rome. War

with Niger with Albinus. - Parthian war. - Family of Se-

verus. - Plautianus. Severus in Britain. His death.

ims of government.

-

Caracalla and Geta. - Murder of Geta. - Cruelty of Caracalla.

German war. - Parthian war. - Massacre at Alexandria.

Murder of Caracalla. — Elevation of Macrinus. His origin

and character. Conspiracy against him. His defeat and

death. Elagabalus. His superstition and cruelty. - Adop-

tion of Alexander. - Death of Elagabalus. — Mamaa. Alex-

ander's character and mode of life. - Murder of Ulpian.

Revolution in Persia. Persian war. Alexander in Gaul.

His murder. The Roman army..

189

207

CHAPTER V.

MAXIMIN, PUPIENUS, BALBINUS, AND GORDIAN, PHILIP,

DECIUS, GALLUS, EMILIAN, VALERIAN, GALLIENUS.

A. U. 988-1021.

-

The empire. Maximin.- His tyranny.-Insurrection in Africa.

The Gordians. - Pupienus and Balbinus. - Death of Maxi-

min. - Murder of the emperors. - Gordian. — Persian war. -

Murder of Gordian. - Philip.-Secular Games. - Decius. —

Death of Philip.-The Goths.- Gothic war. - Death of Decius.

- Gallus. Emilian. - Valerian. - The Franks.-The Ale-

mans.- Gothic invasions.- Persian war. - Defeat and captiv-

ity of Valerian.

Death

Gallienus. - The Thirty Tyrants. -

of Gallienus....

-

223

CHAPTER VI.

CLAUDIUS, AURELIAN, TACITUS, PROBUS, CARUS, CARINUS,

AND NUMERIAN.

A. U. 1021-1038. A. D. 268-285.

-

Claudius. - Invasions of the Goths. — Aurelian. — Alemannic

war.- - War against Zenobia.- Tetricus. - Death of Aurelian.

- Tacitus. His death. Probus. His military successes.—

His death. Carus. Persian war. - His death. Death of

Numerian. -Election of Diocletian. Battle of Margus...... 240

-

-

-

--

CHAPTER VII.

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

Persecutions of the church.

-

Corruption of religion. The

Ebionites. Gnostic heresies. — Montanus. The Paschal

Question. - Councils. The hierarchy. Platonic philoso-

phy, its effects. - Rites and ceremonies. - Christian writers.. 259

PART III.

THE CHRISTIAN EMPERORS.

CHAPTER I.

DIOCLETIAN AND MAXIMIAN.

A. U. 1038-1056. A. D. 285-303.

State of the empire. - Character of Diocletian. - Imperial power
divided. The Bagauds. Carausius.. Rebellion in Egypt.

Persian war. -Triumph of the emperors. Their resigna-

tion.Persecution of the church..

286

CHAPTER II.

GALERIUS, CONSTANTIUS, SEVERUS, MAXENTIUS, MAXIMIAN,

LICINIUS, MAXIMIN, CONSTANTINE.

A. U. 1057-1090. A. D. 304-337.

PAGE.

The emperors and Cæsars. - Constantine. - Maxentius. - Fate

of Maximian. - War between Constantine and Maxentius. -

Constantine and Licinius.- Constantine sole emperor.- Con-

stantinople founded. - Hierarchy of the state. -The army. -

The great officers. - Conversion of Constantine. - Deaths of

Crispus and Fausta. The imperial family. War with the

Goths.

-

Death and character of Constantine..

299

CHAPTER III.

CONSTANTINE II., CONSTANTIUS, CONSTANS.

-

A. U. 1090-1114. A. D. 337-361.

Slaughter of the imperial family. - Persian war. - Deaths of Con-

stantine and Constans. Magnentius. Gallus. Julian. ·

Silvanus. Court of Constantius. - War with the Limigantes.

- Persian war. - Julian in Gaul. - Battle of Strasburg. - Ju-

lian proclaimed emperor. His march from Gaul.- Death of

Constantius.

318

CHAPTER IV.

JULIAN, JOVIAN.

A. U. 1114-1117. A. D. 361-364.

Reformations of Julian. — His religion. - His tolerance. - Julian

at Antioch. Attempt to rebuild the temple at Jerusalem. — The

Persian war. - Death of Julian. - Election of Jovian. - Sur-

render of territory to the Persians. -Retreat of the Roman ar-

my. - Death of Jovian...

337

CHAPTER V.

VALENTINIAN, VALENS, GRATIAN,

VALENTINIAN II., AND

THEODOSIUS.

A. U. 1117-1148. A. D. 364-395.

-

Elevation of Valentinian and of Valens. - Procopius. German

wars.Recovery of Britain. - Rebellion in Africa. Quadan

war. - Death of Valentinian. His character. Gratian.

The Goths. The Huns. - The Gothic war.- Battle of Ha-

drianople and death of Valens. -Ravages of the Goths.-The-

odosius. Settlements of the Goths. Maximus. - Death of

Gratian. Defeat of Maximus. Massacre at Thessalonica.

Clemency of Theodosius. - Death of Valentinian II. - Defeat

and death of Eugenius. - Death and character of Theodosius. -

State of the empire.

358

CHAPTER V1.

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

PAGE.

Suppression of paganism. — Religion of the fourth century.-

State of morals. The Donatists.-The Arians. - Other her-

etics. Ecclesiastical constitution. - Fathers of the church.

-The Manichæans..

-

387

-

CHAPTER VII.

HONORIUS, VALENTINIAN III., ETC.

A. U. 1148-1229. A. D. 395-476.

-

-

Division of the empire. -Rufinus. - The Goths in Greece.

Gildo. Invasion of Italy by Alaric by Radagaisus. - Mur-

der of Stilicho. Claudian. Alaric's second invasion.. Sack

of Rome. - Death of Alaric.—Barbarians in the empire. - Val-

entinian III. Boniface and Etius. - Genseric. His con-

quest of Africa. - Attila. - Theodoric. - Battle of Châlons.-

Attila's invasion of Italy.. Murder of Etius-and of Valen-

tinian. Maximus. Sack of Rome by Genseric. - Avitus. -

Majorian. Severus. Anthemius. Nepos and Glycerius.

Romulus Augustus.

End of the empire. - Conclusion..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

409

HISTORY

OF

THE ROMAN EMPIRE.

PART I.

THE CÆSARIAN FAMILY.

CHAPTER I.*

C. JULIUS CESAR OCTAVIANUS AUGUSTUS.

A. U. 725-746. B. C. 29-8.

IN ASIA.

LAWS.

FAMILY

OF

THE ROMAN EMPIRE. REGULATION OF IT BY AUGUSTUS.-
AUGUSTUS IN SPAIN
AUGUSTUS. DEATH OF AGRIPPA. — GERMAN WARS,
DEATH OF DRUSUS, AND OF MECENAS. -LITERATURE.

THE battle of Actium, fought between M. Antonius and C. Cæsar Octavianus, in the 723d † year of Rome, termina-

* Authorities: Velleius Paterculus, Suetonius, Dion Cassius. For a full account of the authorities for this History, see Appendix (A.) † We shall use the Varronian chronology in this volume, as it is the one followed by Tacitus, Dion, and other historians. [In the former part of this work, Mr. K. made use of the Catonian computation. It is immaterial which is used, though the Varronian is undoubtedly the more correct, and was employed by the editor in the "Chronological Table," at the end of that work. The difference is only two years a difference of little importance with respect to the history of the Republic, but of more in reference to the history of the Empire. See the editor's "Comparative View of Ancient History, and Explanation of Chronological Eras," p. 92, title, Era of the Foundation of Rome. J. T. S.]

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