Proclamation 3554-Sept. 10, 1963

OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA

By the President of the United States

A Proclamation

WHEREAS the Governor of the State of Alabama, together with certain other officials of that State, and other persons, individually and in unlawful assemblies, combinations, and conspiracies, have been and are willfully opposing and obstructing the execution of the laws of the United States, including the enforcement of orders entered by the United States District Courts in the State of Alabama relating to the enrollment and attendance of students in public schools in that State, and have been and are impeding the course of justice under those laws; and

WHEREAS such unlawful assemblies, combinations, and conspiracies make it impracticable to enforce the laws of the United States in the State of Alabama by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings; and

WHEREAS such unlawful assemblies, combinations, and conspiracies so hinder the execution of the laws of the State of Alabama, and of the United States within the State of Alabama, that a part or class of its people is deprived of rights, privileges, immunities, and protections named in the Constitution and secured by law, and the constituted authorities of that State refuse to protect such rights, privileges, or immunities, or to give that protection:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOHN F. KENNEDY, President of the United States, under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code [this chapter], particularly sections 332, 333, and 334 thereof, do command all persons engaged in such unlawful obstructions of justice, assemblies, combinations, and conspiracies to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the city of Washington this tenth day of September in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eighty-eighth.

JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY

Executive Order 11118-Sept. 10, 1963

ASSISTANCE FOR REMOVAL OF UNLAWFUL OBSTRUCTIONS OF JUSTICE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA

WHEREAS, on September 10, 1963, I issued a proclamation entitled "Obstructions of Justice in the State of Alabama" pursuant in part to the provisions of section 334 of Title 10 of the United States Code

and

WHEREAS the commands contained in that proclamation have not been obeyed and the unlawful obstructions of justice, assemblies, combinations, and conspiracies referred to therein continue:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code [this chapter], particularly sections 332, 333 and 334 thereof, and section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to take all appropriate steps to remove obstructions of justice in the State of Alabama, to enforce the laws of the United States within that State, including any orders of United States Courts relating to the enrollment and attendance of students in public schools in the State of Alabama, and to suppress unlawful assemblies, combinations, conspiracies, and domestic violence which oppose, obstruct, or hinder the execution of the law or impede the course of justice under the law within that State.

SEC. 2. In furtherance of the authorization and direction contained in Section 1 hereof, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use such of the Armed Forces of the United States as he may deem necessary.

SEC. 3. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Defense to call into the active military service of the United States, as he may deem appropriate to carry out the purposes of this order, any or all of the units of the Army National Guard and of the Air National Guard of the State of Alabama to serve in the active military service of the United States for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders. In carrying out the provisions of Section 1, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use the units, and members thereof, of the Army National Guard and of the Air National Guard of the State of Alabama called into the active military service of the United States pursuant to this section or otherwise.

SEC. 4. The Secretary of Defense is authorized to delegate to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, any of the authority conferred upon him by this order.

JOHN F. KENNEDY

Proclamation 3645-Mar. 20, 1965

PROVIDING FEDERAL ASSISTANCE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA

By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation

WHEREAS, ON March 17, 1965, the United States District Court for the middle district of Alabama entered an order in the case of Williams et al., Plaintiffs, United States of America, Plaintiff-Intervenor v. Wallace et al., Defendants, Civil Action No. 2181-N, approving an exercise by the Plaintiffs and the members of the class they represent of their right to march along United States Highway 80 from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, commencing in Selma, Alabama, not earlier than Friday, March 19, 1965, and not later than

Monday, March 22, 1965, and terminating in Montgomery, Alabama, within five days from commencement; and

WHEREAS, in relation to such judicial order and march the Governor of the State of Alabama has advised me that the state is unable and refuses to provide for the safety and welfare, among others, of the plaintiffs and the members of the class they represent; and

WHEREAS, as a consequence of such inability and refusal of the State of Alabama, and by reason of recent events in and about Selma and Montgomery, Alabama, there is a substantial likelihood that domestic violence may occur in connection with such march, with the consequence of obstructing the execution and enforcement of the laws of the United States, including the aforesaid judicial order:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States of America, under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code, particularly Sections 332, 333, and 334 thereof, do command all persons engaged or who may engage in such domestic violence obstructing the execution and enforcement of the laws to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

Done at Johnson City, Texas, this twentieth day of March in the Year of our Lord Nineteen hundred and sixty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eightyninth.

LYNDON B. JOHNSON

Executive Order 11207-Mar. 20, 1965

PROVIDING FEDERAL ASSISTANCE IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA

WHEREAS, on March 20, 1965, I issued proclamation No. 3645, pursuant in part to the provisions of Section 334 of Title 10, United States Code; and

WHEREAS, the likelihood of domestic violence and obstruction of the execution and enforcement of the laws of the United States referred to therein continues:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code, particularly Sections 332, 333, and 334 thereof, and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed, for the period commencing with the signing of this order and ending as soon as practicable after the termination of the march referred to in the above-mentioned proclamation, to take all appropriate steps, including the provision of assistance to the law enforcement agencies of the State of Alabama, to remove obstructions to the execution and enforcement of the laws of the United States in that State, including the order of the court referred to in the above-mentioned proclamation, and to suppress domestic violence in any way related to the said march.

SEC. 2. In furtherance of the authorization and direction contained in Section 1 hereof, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use such of the Armed Forces of the United States as he may deem necessary. SEC. 3. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Defense to call into the active military service of the United States, as he may deem appropriate to carry out the purposes of this order, any or all of the units or members of the Army National Guard and of the Air National Guard of the State of Alabama to serve in the active military service of the United States until relieved by appropriate orders. The Secretary of Defense is further authorized to recall any unit or member so relieved if he deems such recall appropriate to carry out the purposes of this order. In carrying out the provisions of Section 1, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use the units, and members thereof, called or recalled into the active military services of the United States pursuant to this section.

SEC. 4. The Secretary of Defense is authorized to delegate to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, any of the authority conferred upon him by this order.

LYNDON B. JOHNSON

Proclamation 3795-July 24, 1967

LAW AND ORDER IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN

By the President of the United States of America

A Proclamation

WHEREAS the Governor of the State of Michigan has informed me that conditions of domestic violence and disorder exist in the City of Detroit in that State, obstructing the execution and enforcement of the laws, and that the law enforcement resources available to the City and State, including the National Guard, have been unable to suppress such acts of violence and to restore law and order; and

WHEREAS the Governor has requested me to use such of the armed forces of the United States as may be necessary for those purposes; and

WHEREAS such domestic violence and disorder are also obstructing the execution of the laws of the United States, including the protection of federal property in the City of Detroit:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, LYNDON B. JOHNSON, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code, do command all persons engaged in such acts of violence to cease and desist there from and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-seven, and the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and ninety-second.

LYNDON B. JOHNSON

Executive Order 11364-July 24, 1967

PROVIDING FOR THE RESTORATION OF LAW AND ORDER

IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN

WHEREAS on July 24, 1967, I issued Proclamation No. 3795, pursuant in part to the provisions of Chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code; and

WHEREAS the conditions of domestic violence and disorder, described therein continue, and the persons engaging in such acts of violence have not dispersed;

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Chapter 15 of Title 10 of the United States Code, and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to take all appropriate steps to disperse all persons engaged in the acts of violence described in the proclamation and to restore law and order.

Sec. 2. In carrying out the provisions of Section 1, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use such of the Armed Forces of the United States as he may deem necessary.

Sec. 3. The Secretary of Defense is hereby authorized and directed to call into the active military service of the United States, as he may deem appropriate to carry out the purposes of this order, any or all of the units of the Army National Guard and of the Air National Guard of the State of Michigan to serve in the active military service of the United States for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders. Units, or members thereof, may be relieved subject to recall at the discretion of the Secretary of Defense. In carrying out the provisions of Section 1, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use units, and members thereof, called or recalled into the active military service of the United States pursuant to this section.

Sec. 4. The Secretary of Defense is authorized to delegate to the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, or both, any of the authority conferred upon him by this order.

LYNDON B. JOHNSON