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§. 8. IN forting thefe texts, the Dr. obferves, firft, that, "in fome cafes, perfons "make atonement for themselves:"-And, "in other cafes, atonement is made for "them by others."-These observations relate only to the perfons by whom, and for whom, atonement was made, but determine nothing about the nature of atoneFor which reafon, I fhall fay no

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§. 9. His next obfervation, is, that, one of these texts (viz. Dan. ix. 24.) "relateth to the Meffiah ."-This text affords no ground to think, that the Jewish facrifices were of a fymbolical nature, because the atonement, made by the facrifice of the Meffiah, was not of that kind.

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§. 10. His third observation, is, that "one place (Ifai. xxv. 18.) relates to the difannulling of an agreement."-This agreement was a covenant made with death. And punishment was the mean by which it was to be difannulled. Wherefore, no conclufion can be drawn from the nature of this extra-levitical atonement concerning the fymbolical nature of Levitical atonements; because the effect produced, and the mean

See Scripture-doctrine of Atonement examined, Chap. VI. §. 107. N°. 1.

f Ibidem No. 2. 8 Ibidem No. 3.

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made ufe of, in the one cafe, were quite different from thofe in the other.

§. 11. HE next obferves, that "Six (of the cafes in thefe texts) relate to the dealings of one man with another," (viz. Gen. xxii. 40. Prov. xvi. 14. vi. 35.— xiii. 8. 1 Sam. xii. 3. Amos v. 12.) In these cafes, he fays, " one perfon is fuppofed to "be obnoxious to the refentment of an"other: and the atonement or ranfom is "made by giving, doing, or faying fome

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"the offended party "."-"Tis manifeft, therefore, that the means by which thefe atonements were made, were not of a fymbolical nature, and that the effects, produced by them, were entirely different from thofe of Levitical atonements. For which reafons, no conclufion can be drawn from them concerning the fymbolical nature of Jewith facrifices.

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§. 12. His next obfervation is, "That three (viz. 2 Sam. xxi. 3. Exod. xxi. 29, 30. Numb. xxxv. 31, 32.) feem "to be mixed cafes, relating partly to God "and partly to man. The firft text propof"eth both fatisfaction to the Gibeonites, "and the removal of the famine which "God had inflicted. In the fecond, the

See Scripture-doctrine of Atonement examined, Chap. VI. §. 107. N°. 4 F 2

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"death due by the law of God to the owner of an ox that hath flain a man, might, by the permiffion of the fame "law, be bought off with a fum of money paid to man. In the third, God per"mitted no atonement for a murtherer, &c. "And man was not to take any bribe to exempt him from punishment." Concerning these three cafes, I fhall make the following obfervations.

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In the first case, the giving fatisfaction to the Gibeonites was the immediate, the removal of the famine, the more remote, effect of the atonement. The first of these effects was of a nature different from all the effects of Levitical atonements; and the mean, by which it was produced, was not only not fymbolical, but the very reverfe of thofe means by which levitical atonements were made. For which reasons, no conclufion can be drawn from the nature of this atonement about the fymbolical nature of Jewish facrifices. The second effect of this atonement coincides with those of Levitical atonements, and will be confidered under the Dr's next obfervation.

In the cafe which is fet forth in the fecond of these three texts, the judge or civil magiftrate was left at liberty to accept of a

iSee Scripture-doctrine of Atonement examined, Chap. VI. §. 107. No. 5.

mulct,

mulct, or fum of money, for, and in lieu of, the offender's life. And in the offender's fubmitting to this vicarious punishment, and paying the mulct impofed on him, did the ranfom of his life, or the atonement that was made for it, confift. This cafe, therefore, if it doth fupply any conclufion about the nature and defign of Levitical facrifices, that conclufion will not be found to be favourable to the Dr's notion of their being of a fymbolical nature: for it is this, that the making atonement did confist in vicarious punishment inflicted, not, indeed, upon the facrifice, but upon the offender himself. And how the Dr. may relish this notion of atonement, or facrifice, I know not. But whether he doth, or doth not, approve of it, the atonement mentioned in this text, gives no countenance or fupport to his notion of the fymbolical nature of Jewish facrifices, but is directly against it.

The third text, in this clafs, is, Exod. xxi. 31, 32. The thing there forbidden, is, the taking any atonement, that is, fatisfaction, or mult in money, for, and in lieu of, the life of a murderer; or for, and in lieu of, the confinement of a man-flayer in the city of refuge. This text, therefore, plainly fuggefts, that, in fome cafes, atonement might be made by the civil magiftrate's fubftituting, and accepting of, a lighter punishment in lieu of a heavier one; a fuggeftion

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which is very unfavourable to the Dr's notion of the fymbolical nature of Levitical atonements, or facrifices. The mean, by which, it is fuppofed, this atonement might have been made, was not fymbolical of addrefs to God, or of any thing elfe. It was the fuffering of a lighter punishment in lieu of a heavier There is no inference, therefore, which can be drawn from the nature of this atonement, but what makes directly against the Dr's notion of the fymbolical nature of Jewish facrifices.

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§. 13. THE Dr's laft obfervation, is, that "the remaining twenty-fix are cafes between the most high God and man, and "relate to his favour or difpleasure, and to

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judgments or bleffings from him alone.” (Thefe twenty-fix cafes are those which are exhibited in the following texts, viz. Exod. xxii. 30.-xxx. 15, 16. Numb. xvi. 46, 47.—xxv. 13.-xxxi. 50. 2 Sam. xxi. 3. Deut. xxi. 8.-xxxii. 43. Numb. xxxv. 33. Pfal. Ixv. 3.-lxxix. 9. Prov. xvi. 6. Ifai. vi. 7.-xxii. 14.-xxvii. 7, 8, 9. Ezek. xvi. 60--63. Ifai. xlvii. II. Deut. xxi. 8. 2 Chron. xxx. 18. Pfal. lxxxviii. 37. Jer. xviii. 23. Exod. xxx. 12. Job xxxiii. 24.xxxvi. 18. Prov. xxi. 18. Ifai. xliii. 3. Pfal. xlix. 7*.)

* Scrip. doc. of Aton. ex. Chap. VI. § 107.

No. 6..

§. 14.

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