ordination of planning between private and public welfare agencies, or which will help improve the administration and effectiveness of such programs (42 U.S.C. 1310).3 Work simplification (Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Engineering Research Division)-Conducts projects in cooperation with State experiment stations regarding increased efficiency and work simplification, and applying electricity to agriculture, principally oriented to reducing costs of production, but partly of benefit in making more jobs more available for handicapped people (7 U.S.C. 361a, 361b). SURVEYS Census (Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census)-Prepares schedules and determines inquiries to be made with regard to census; collects decennial statistics relating to the defective, dependent, and delinquent classes (13 U.S.C. 5, 101). National health surveys (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service)-Plans surveys and special studies of the population to determine the extent of illness and disability and related information, including occupation or activities of persons afflicted with chronic or other disease or injury or handicapping condition; the type of disease or injury or handicapping condition; length of time the afflicted person has been prevented from carrying on his occupation (42 U.S.C. 242c). FACILITIES AND LICENSES Construction (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service)-Assists in the construction of facilities for the conduct of research in the sciences related to health by providing grants-in-aid on a matching basis to public (non-Federal) and nonprofit institutions for such purpose. The National Advisory Council on Health Research Facilities expedites these research facilities (42 U.S.C. 292a). Licenses issued for research (Atomic Energy Commission)-Issues licenses to individuals for the purpose of conducting research in medical therapy and related fields with the use of nuclear materials (42 U.S.C. 2134). TEACHING GRANTS TRAINING Mentally retarded (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education)-Makes grants to institutions of higher education, and State departments of education, to conduct courses and establish fellowships and traineeships to prepare college teachers and supervisory personnel in the field of education for mentally retarded children (20 U.S.C. 611-617). Practical nurses (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education)-Makes grants-in-aid on a formula matching basis to the States for the extension and improvement of training for practical nurses (20 U.S.C. 15aa–15jj). Public welfare personnel (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, Bureau of Public Assistance)-Assists in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of administration of public assistance programs by raising the number of adequately trained public welfare personnel by (1) grants to public or other nonprofit institutions of higher learning for training personnel, (2) special courses of study or seminars of short duration conducted for such personnel, (3) establishing directly or through grants to such institutions, fellowships or traineeships for such personnel (42 U.S.C. 906). Rehabilitation (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Vocational Rehabilitation)-Gives teaching grants to universities to pay for part of the cost of establishing, expanding, or improving professional offerings in vocational rehabilitation fields where personnel is in short supply, such as counseling, social work, nursing, medicine, psychology, and physical and occupational therapy (29 U.S.C. 34). Teaching grants (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health. Service)-Makes grants for professional training and technical assistance in the field of public health in schools of public health (42 U.S.C. 246(c)). No funds have been appropriated to implement this program as of 1960. FELLOWSHIPS General (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education)— Awards fellowships to encourage students to pursue graduate education, and to study and research in fields for which the fellowships were granted, including special education and rehabilitation (20 U.S.C. 461-465). Science (National Science Foundation)-Awards fellowships and scholarships for study in mathematical, physical, medical, biological, engineering, and other sciences (42 U.S.C. 1869). INSTITUTES Deaf (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Gallaudet College)— Conducts an institute for psychologists to aid in understanding problems of the deaf, and 4-week workshops to orient rehabilitation counselors in work with the deaf (31) D.C. Code 1030(f)). Guidance (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education)Finances approximately 60 institutes in guidance and counseling annually, and pays stipends for (1) 735 persons per year for 1 year, (2) 1,000 persons per year for 6 weeks, and (3) 620 persons per year for 3 weeks to attend the institutes as trainees (20 U.S.C. 481-491). Indian education (Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs)-Conducts annual 2-week sessions for orienting and improving skills of teachers in Indian schools regarding emotional disturbances among Indian children because of cultural conflicts and communications difficulties. In a sense, all Indian education is special education for these reasons (25 U.S.C. 271). Rehabilitation (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Vocational Rehabilitation)-Makes grants to universities and other organizations to pay part of the cost of short-term instruction and to pay stipends to rehabilitation personnel who attend to improve their qualifications (29 U.S.C. 37.) TRAINEESHIPS Professional health personnel (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service)-Pays costs of traineeships for graduate or specialized training in public health for physicians, engineers, nurses, other professional health personnel, and nursing teachers or supervisors. Traineeships may be awarded either directly to individuals whose application has been accepted by the institution, or through grants to the institution (42 U.S.C. 242d, 242e). Rehabilitation (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service) Supports a project in training psychologists in the field of rehabilitation (42 U.S.C. 242a). Training (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Vocational Rehabilitation) Offers scholarships to selected students for up to 3 years, for training in needed areas of rehabilitation, including advanced training for leaders and teachers in the field (29 U.S.C. 37). TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE INFORMATION AND PUBLICATIONS Deaf (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Gallaudet College)-Furnishes part-time services of editor and clerical assistance for the American Annals of the Deaf, a private publication of the Conference of Executives of American Schools for the Deaf and the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf. Annals serves as an international clearinghouse for information on education of the deaf, sells reprints and books about the deaf, and publishes parent education materials (31 D.C. Code 1026, 1030, 1032). Library of Medicine (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service)-Operates and maintains the National Library of Medicine, including publication of catalogs and indexes embracing, among other things, the field of rehabilitation (42 U.S.Č. 275, 279). Public health (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service) Issues publications for public use concerning public health and health conditions in the United States (42 U.S.C. 247). Special education (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education) Collects, analyzes, publishes, and disseminates information on special education through periodic reports on the status of special education, studies on crucial problems in the field, professional consultation with State departments of education and others, and conferences with interested organizations and officials (20 U.S.C. 1, 3). ADVICE AND DEMONSTRATIONS Advisory councils (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service)-Establishes the National Advisory Councils, including among others National Advisory Health Council, National Advisory Cancer Council, National Advisory Mental Health Council, and National Advisory Heart Council, which advise, consult with, and make recommendations to the Surgeon General on matters relating to their respective fields, including research, and collection and dissemination of data from studies in the respective fields (42 U.S.C. 218). International (Department of State, Bureau of International Affairs), handles contacts of Federal agencies with the World Health Organization (22 U.S.C. 290, 290d). Rehabilitation (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Vocational Rehabilitation)-Supports special projects by public and other nonprofit organizations to obtain new information and methods in the field of rehabilitation, and to demonstrate these to professional workers (29 U.S.C. 34). PROTECTION Civil defense (Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization)-Sets up complete civil defense system, including protective measures, communication, information, material, and financial aid to States (50 U.S.C. 2253-2294). Mines (Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines)-Authorizes annual or necessary inspections and investigations of coal mines to obtain information relating to health and safety conditions and the causes of accidents and occupational diseases. This information is to be used for determining how public funds can best be expended to promote health and safety conditions in coal mines; as a basis for the preparation and dissemination of reports to the Census Bureau; and as data for Congress so that effective legislation may be enacted (30 U.S.C. 451). 46922-603 SECTION II EXTRACTS FROM UNITED STATES CODE AND TITLE 2-THE CONGRESS Chapter 5-Library of Congress HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The basis of the federally supported library service to the blind is the Pratt-Smoot Act approved on March 3, 1931, which authorized an annual appropriation of $100,000 to enable the Librarian of Congress "to provide books for the use of the adult blind residents of the United States,* * *” For years, blind people of this country had received a most inadequate library service. In 1929 it was reported at the Congressional hearing which preceded the passage of the Pratt-Smoot Act, that there were in the United States only fifteen libraries for the blind of any importance sufficient to justify the services of a full-time assistant, and that these libraries were concentrated in one section of the country. The whole stock of books for the blind in these libraries amounted to less than 150,000 volumes, many of which were in obsolescent types. Some blind people lived as much as a thousand miles from the nearest library. It was obvious that local authorities or private philanthropy would be unable to cope with the situation. According to the Act, the responsibility of providing books for the blind is vested in the Library of Congress through its Division for the Blind. To carry out the program, the Division has selected thirty libraries throughout the country to serve as regional distributing libraries, on the condition that these libraries undertake to circulate books for the blind over designated areas, regardless of whether or not the areas extend beyond the taxing unit supporting the libraries. Because of the relatively small number of blind readers in each area most of the circulation of books for the blind is done by mail. An amendment to the United States Postal Laws provides that these books are sent from the libraries to the blind reader and back to the libraries postage free. § 135a. Books and sound-reproduction records for blind; annual appropriation; purchases. service. There is authorized to be appropriated annually to the Library of Blind library Congress, in addition to appropriations otherwise made to said Library, such sums for expenditure under the direction of the Librarian of Congress as may be necessary to provide books published either in raised characters, on sound-reproduction recordings or in any other form, and for the purchase, maintenance, and replacement of reproducers for such sound-reproduction recordings, for the use of the blind residents of the United States, including the several States, Territories, insular possessions, and the District of Columbia, all of which books, recordings, and reproducers will remain the property of the Library of Congress but will be loaned to blind readers under |