TABLE 2.- Enrolment, attendanoe, duration of schools, and sittings-Continued. State or Territory. a Average Increase Whole at duration or tendance duplicates. decrease. tendance decrease. decrease. in days. in days. or or Total number af sittings. 54, 962 Per cent. Per cont. Wisconsin 332, 327 | 1...3. 29 177, 004 | 1...1. 23 Alaska 322 Arizona 6,076 I...6. 59 14, 232 11 Dakota c82, 8661..19. 96 District of Co lambia 32, 336 1..12.83 24, 021 | 1...3.11 | Idaho. 11,000 I... 9.59 d8, 000 1 Montana 11, 388 I..16. 90 e4, 465 New Mexico.. 4, 755 3, 150 ttah 31, 583 I...0.53 19, 437 I...4.06 1 Washington 28,000 I...0.07 617, 504 1, 920 7, 279, 616 a See Table 1, p. 5, for year of report. C Actual total. e In 1883-'84. b In 1884-'85. d Estimated. JU, S. Census, 1880. Table 1, presents the statistics of school enrolment, average attendance, and school provisions, so far as these are attainable. The total enrolment, 11,435,297, shows increase as compared with 1884-'85 of 265,374, or 2.37 per cent. In two States, Alabama and Kansas, the increase in enrolment is above 8 per cent.; in two, Georgia and Oregon, it is between 6 and 8 per cent. Connecticut and Rhode Island show slight decrease. The increased enrolment in the Territories is especially noticeable, excepting in Arizona and Utah, where it is less than 1 per cent. For a full understanding of the extent to which elementary instruction is diffused among the people the enrolment in private schools ought to be included in this survey. Returns under this head, more or less complete, have been made from 12 States. These statistics would increase the enrolment in 6 of the States by 10 per cent. or more, and by less than 10 per cent. in the remaining 6. The average daily attendance, as reported for the entire country, is 7,279,616, an increase of 378,991, or 5.49 per cent. The fact of greater increase in this total than in that of enrolment undoubtedly points to greater regularity of attendance on the part of the actual pupils, which is an evidence of greater efficiency in the school systems. The following are the States whose statistics afford this favorable indication: California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and South Carolina. To this list Utah can be added. The only other Territory in which entries are made under the head of increase of decrease is the District of Columbia, where the increase in average attendance was little more than one-fourth the increase in enrolment. Several States are omitted in the comparison between school enrolment and average attendance for the want of the necessary data. Among them are Arkansas and Michigan, which appear to keep no record of average daily attendance. The item of whole attendance in days is presented in the table for the first time. As it has not yet been included in the inquiries of the office, the statistician could only insert the number whero it was found in the State reports. The importance of tho number as a means of estimating the precise relation of school attendance to school demand, in individual States, and tho amount of instruction enjoyed by the pupils in regular attendance, may be clearly seen by using it as the basis of computation in a aingle State. The whole attendanco in days reported from Illinois is 77,081,056. This number divided by population 6 to 14 years gives a quotient of 119.5; divided by the enrolment, a quotient of 103.7, and divided by the average, attendance, a quotient of 153. The first quotient (119.5) indicates the average number of days' instruction, upon the total reported, for every child 6 to 14 years of age; the second (103.7) the average number of days' instruction for every child enrolled; the last (153) expresses the precise average duration of the schools in days, giving to each school a weight proportionate to its average attendance. The value of these several particulars as measures of the amount of elementary instraction afforded under the State system depends upon the standpoint assumed. It is hoped that their importance will be so fully recognized that State superintendents, or other chief officers of education, will hereafter use their utmost endeavors to maké the statistics apon which these several estimates shall be based full and accurate. Of the 28 States and Territories which furnish data to determine any change in the duration of schools in days, 17 show an increase, many of them quite large, and only 11 a decrease. On the whole the tendency is obviously in the direction of longer terms. The statistics showing number of school sittings are necessary for arriving at an exact kvowledge of the school accommodations of the country. This item has been obtained from the reports of three States and one Territory; hereafter it is proposed to include this also among the inquiries made by the Bureau. TABLE 3.-- Teachers. 8, 537 I... 42 I... 50 13, 815 6, 471 17, 359 5, 358 f3, 287 1, 176 63, 023 c5, 043 2, 352 8, 610 11, 392 5,023 3, 308 I... 112 I... 4, 042 11, 129 Alabama. 5, 490 I.... 98 I... 107 024 347 2,212 I... 92 I... 149 234 I... 797 5, 120 1, 881 I... 160 I... 38 93 73 I... 192 10 I... 310 377 I. 40 011 D. 3 2, 605 I... 236 20 19 09 38 172 2,091 28 4, 961 D.. 38 D.. 15, 418 5,881 165 3,076 2, 998 25, 373 2, 002 13, 795 4,054 14, 508 1, 103 1, 744 2, 346 I... D.. 46 96 18, 454 1, 985 D. I... 90 31, 355 Total 323, 066 a See Table 1, p. 5, for year of report. e Estimated. f For white schools only. gU.S. Census 1880. Alabama 42 68 101 00 40 22 63 56 I...1 01 34 70 0 00 1 a See Tablo 1, p. 5, for year of report. e Outside of cities. b For white teachers only. Approximately. c Salary per room. Estimated d In cities. X U. S. census 1880. Table 3.—The statistics relating to teachers emphasize certain marked deficiencies in the data attainable for use in this report. Continuity of service, if not the chief, is certainly ove of the chief conditions of efficiency in a teaching body. The rural schools of the United States suffer greatly from the want of such continuity; the evil is everywhere recognized, but too often in vague or partial showings. In respect to this, as to other conditions of the school system, it would undoubtedly be found that investigations resulting in exact information would have ultimate remedial effects. As the city school systems are comparatively free from the evils of frequeut changes in the teaching force, the changes occurring in a State during a year would represent with a sufficient degree of approximation the status of the rural schools in respect to the permanency of their teachers. Obviously the difference between the number of teachers necessary to supply the schools and the number absolutely employed would indicate the number of changes during the year. By reference to Table 3 it will be seen that the two items are leported from five States. The percentages of change are as follows in four of these : Kansas, 9; Missouri 16; Ohio, 33; Wisconsin, 40. In Oregon, the remaining one of the five, 1,985 is given as the number of teachers necessary to supply the schools, and 1,861 as the number absolutely employed, from which it would appear that 7 per cent. of the places remained vacant. The total number of teachors is 2,409 larger than the previons year, being an increase of 1.1 per cent. So far as returns classified by sex have been received, the total number of male teachers is 104,249, female 191,439, the males being 35.24 per cent. of the whole. The States reporting an excess of male over female teachers are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Iodiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Of twenty-three States in which the change during the year of the average monthly salaries of teachers is recorded, there has been for males ån aggregate increase in ten States of $13.39, and an aggregate decrease in thirteen States of $23.75; for females an aggregate increase in eleven States of $8.06, and an aggregate decrease in ten States of $18, there being no change in Obio, and Wisconsin not giving the average salary of all female teachers. On the whole, the salaries of teachors, both male and female, have decreased during the year. TABLE 5.--Receipts. $230,000 $175, 000 I..$36, 990 $105,000 445, 563 I..101, 678 1,884, 065 1,690, 705 3,574, 770 801, 818 D.108, 307 801, 818 228, 449 1, 206, 803 D..83, 004 ' 1, 435, 052 d 52,050 491, 185 278, 109 I...68, 646 769, 294 4,330, 066 2, 660, 617 34, 318 593, 437 671 292 242710 408, 160 52, 341 239, 874 762, 403 350, 787 66, 000 733, 741 Alabama 342, 491 703, 717 D... 1, 943 1,048, 208 3, 376, 456 D...2, 854 3, 376, 456 1,999, 862 800, 776 514, 3602, 942, 611 I ..34, 248 3,457, 001 f 42, 648 88, 508 470, 177 75, 721 545, 898 12, 669, 719 547, 795 9, 094, 086 391, 842 748, 369 h 402, 508 s 139, 107 799 253 938, 360 487, 258 D..32, 572 487, 258 626, 806 605, 454 1, 232, 260 367, 725 785, 320 I. ..13, 786 1, 153, 045 i 61, 017 | 2, 614, 859 1..106,723 2,705, 878 j 15,000 13,000 10, 662 85, 760 ...5, 630 96, 422 59, 400 1,962, 322 I ...1,990 2, 021, 722 j282, 689 282, 689 565, 377 53, 086 D...9, 522 153, 257 300,000 866, 776 4, 215, 415 2, 138, 428 131, 444 617, 472 2, 421, 740 13, 537, 948 671), 672 10, 420, 420 850, 961 10,703, 541 798, 263 h46), 913 1,077, 451 246, 337 621, 370 1,437, 245 1, 153, 045 4,610, 690 13,000 114, 863 2, 021, 722 585, 377 147, 253 228, 333 32,171 221, 717 300,000 k 36, 161 Total. a See Tablo 1, n.5, for year of report. pirocreds of bond sales. State apportionment. Alabama $13, 869 $69 $727, 375 Arkansas.. I...$224, 616 $741, 244 $91, 781 $1 196 0$741, 244 $202, 294 714, 118 I....168, 950 California ....... $59, 798 I. 866, 802 137, 724 2,710, 622 I.... 136, 998 422, 843 3, 505, 931 I..1...41, 707 c905, 623 D. .20, 104 1, 218, 098 346, 106 1, 791, 666 ... 60, 555 152, 591 54, 327 d215, 161 (339, 000) e385, 800 666, 303 711, 930 6, 132, 866 I. Iodiana..... 235, 438 2, 659, 647 (1, 247, 727) 10, 136, 058 D ...62, 870 3, 494, 927 471, 544 5, 214, 198 13, 696, 453 3, 696, 453 785, 378 1, 808, 033 Kansas ................. 51, 650 4, 660, 000 Kentucky 2, 213, 521 584, 723 93, 849, 017 .460, 365 700, 700 379, 027 450, 030 1,099, 352 I. .12, 458 1, 298, 997 | I.....21, 110 1, 342, 309 1, 832, 383 | I. .87, 125 Michigan 87, 919 | D..51, 695 632, 950 43, 159 7, 151, 075 Minnesota 2, 841, 563 815, 296 673, 642 4,332, 968 D. .395, 973 1, 467, 202 221, 578 2, 371, 990 D. ..215, 554 840, 776 3, 107, 541 338, 645 4, 328, 596 I. 67, 024 1, 323, 297 9, 510 g2, 350, 869 D....367, 288 417 106, 874 New Hampshire. 11, 483 128, 285 454, 374 I......7, 533 472, 338 65, 098 k 601, 403 D.....11, 796 1, 597, 005 1, 636, 184 402, 798 350, 672 2, 422, 299 9, 102, 269 I.. North Carolina 339, 319 1,533, 713 13, 284, 886 D....296, 082 527, 096 545, 528 41, 249 671, 116 6, 118, 609 I. .82, 920 6, 333, 054 1. $33, (093 1, 229, 041 9, 327, 549 10, 957 10, 530 D.....241 375, 158 I Pennsylvania .32, 972 1.000 1, 613, 68'i | I... 1, 130, 534 5, 760, 296 I .173, 815 12, 51, 204 10, 031, 937 .231, 532 &i, 115 11, 078 1, 008 n 782, 967 46, 145 373, 641 393, 326 20, 491 425, 903 33, 428 1,047, 223 I. ..33, 759 a See Tablo 1, p. 5, for year of report. e Returns incomplete. jIncluding permanent repairs. tricts. 6 Excluding local funds expended by cities and dis. f Includes salaries of superintendents. k Excluding interest on debt. g Inclading unclassified expenditures. c Including $100,261 paid on teniporary loans. 1 Including debt paid. h Includes tuel, rent, books, and incidentals. dIn 1883-'81. m Including repairs. iIn 1884-'85. n Including $23,036 for evening schools, not classified. |