Creighton College, Omaha, has also a new observatory, equipped with a telescope of 6-inch aperture. Other valuable additions have been made during the year to the scientific department. NEVADA. The University of Nevada, Reno, has begun its work in its new building, one floor of which has been completed since February last. The courses of study and regulations remain substantially as they were prior to the removal from Elko. A nucleus of a library has been formed and the collection of materials for a museum begun. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Dartmouth College, Hanover, embraces the same departments and offers substantially the same courses of study as last year. In the college proper the course leading to the degree of A. B. consists of prescribed and elective studies, with certain optional studies for the senior class. The Chandler scientific department was established in3 1851 for instruction in the practical and useful arts. The Thayer School of Civil} Engineering is essentially a graduate course for the thorough technical education of a civil engineer. No innovations appear to have been made in the medical school. The New Hampshire College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts receives the benefits accruing to the State from the Congressional land grant, and complies with the requirements of the act. NEW JERSEY. Rutgers College, New Brunswick, admits students upon certificates from approved high schools or upon examinations conducted at the college. All the work of the freshman and sophomore classes is prescribed, but juniors and seniors may select a portion of their studies. The scientific department receives the income from the landgrant fund, and in consideration of this aid gives to the State 40 scholarships that are divided between the counties in proportion to population. A feature of the methods employed is the custom of holding unexpected examinations at various times during the session at the discretion of the instructor. The degrees of A. M. and M. S. are no longer given "in course," but are now conferred only for work done. Two years' graduate study in prescribed courses entitle the candidate to the degree of Ph. D. or D. 8. Three years' professional study after graduation leads to the distinction of C. E. The library of the college shows a growth of 1,500 volumes during the year. Our statistical tables show information concerning the other colleges of the State. NEW YORK. Columbia College, New York, announces an extension of the instruction given in the school of mines by the establishment of a course for the thorough training of sanitary engineers. In connection with this innovation the lecture course on hygiene was extended and a laboratory opened for microscopy and micro-biology. A training school for librarians is also proposed and will be incorporated in the college at the opening of the next fall term. An immense collection of newspaper articles referring to the late war, published between 1860 and 1886, has been deposited in the library and will remain for a term of years. The entire collection is carefully indexed and is considered an exceedingly valuable accession to the college. The receipt of books, valued at $25,000, from one benefactor, and of a cash gift of $5,000 from another, for the library, is acknowledged by the president. During the year 2,043 specimens have been added to the herbarium. The school of medicine has heretofore suffered from lack of sufficient accommodations, but the completion of a new building, already begun, will amply provide for its needs in this respect. A maternity hospital and a free clinic will also be built close at hand, offering exceptional advantages to the students of the school. Cornell University, Ithaca, appears to have enjoyed a year of quiet prosperity, dur ing which no changes of especial importance have been made. Excepting the museum of paleontology, which has been made more complete, no additions to the means of illustration in any of the departments are mentioned. The courses of study seem to have been revised, but no radical change has been made. A leading object in founding the university was to provide for those who could not complete a full 4-year> course, and to this class of students special privileges in the selection of studies are allowed, even class distinctions not being permitted to hinder their choice. Graduate students, not candidates for a degree, may be received in any department for any length of time. Excellent gymnasia, under experienced instructors, are provided for both male and female students.The university receives the income from the land-grant fund, in return for which the State is entitled to appoint a student, to be instructed free of charge, from each Assembly district. These appointments are made for merit alone and without regard to sex. The University of the City of New York has abandoned the old plan of conferring advanced degrees, and in 1885-'86 inaugurated the system of giving them only after History. 1 successful prosecution, after graduation, of studies assigned by the faculty. The chemical laboratory of the college proper has been recently refitted and improved. The building of the department of medicine has been enlarged and its facilities increased by the addition of chemical, microscopical, and materia medica laboratories and a dispensary, in which students are instructed in the treatment of diseases. During the year 7,000 patients were received and treated here. The studies of Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, are prescribed to the middle of the sophomore year, but are largely elective for the remainder of the course. St. Stephen's College, Annandale, received donations of 2,000 books for the college library during 1885-'86. Hamilton College, Clinton, has purchased a new boarding-hall for students and built new recitation-rooms to and generally renovated one of its principal buildings. The College of St. Francis Xavier, New York, added during the year an elegantly furnished reading-room to its library, thereby increasing its attractiveness and use fulness to the students. For the University of Rochester a handsome three-story brown-stone structure, to be thoroughly fire-proof, is in course of erection. Upon its completion it will be fitted up as a chemical laboratory. The geological cabinet of this university is said to be the finest in the United States. The last report of the Board of Visitors to the United States Military Academy, West Point, shows a very satisfactory condition of the institution. NORTH CAROLINA. The colleges of North Carolina report few new facts this year that are not shown in Table 39. The same courses are still pursued, and the methods of teaching and discipline show no alteration. The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, has loaned money to deserving students to the amount of $12,835 from funds established for that purpose. Optional or elective courses are permitted within certain limits, and graduate study is encouraged. English receives an important place in the curriculum of Davidson College. The training of colored preachers and teachers is the main object of þiddle. University, Charlotte, and of Shaw University, Raleigh. OHIO. Ohio University, Columbus, has made rapid progress since our last report. The three regular courses have been entirely reconstructed and a greater range of electives offered, especially in the higher classes. Three additional special courses were introduced at the beginning of the year, extending the instruction to veterinary science, pharmacy, and a short course in agriculture. The last is especially adapted to farmers' boys, and embraces the most practical studies of the university. The requirements for admission have been altered and raised to include a year of Latin. The chair of modern languages has been divided, and an additional instructor now performs a portion of the work, and the efficiency of the instruction is much increased thereby. The mechanical laboratory, recently completed, affords thorough training in all that relates to the work of a practical mechanical engineer. The experimental farm has been unusually successful this year, and for the first time since its establishment a profit has been derived from it. A new arrangement has been made with the directors of the State agricultural experiment station by which in the future the experiments will be conducted by officers of the university, and the students may profit by the scientific truths here shown. The department of comparative anatomy and physiology has made rapid progress, and by a recent resolution of the faculty laboratory work in this line of study is made obligatory upon a large proportion of the students. An increase of 1,485 volumes is reported by the librarian. Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, Cleveland, has modified its working methods and curriculum to conform to the more modern ideas of collegiate education. The system of electives has been extended, and the number of studies embraced in the list has been augmented by the addition of advanced German, Sanskrit, English, and French. The time devoted to Greek, Latin, and mathematics has been shortened and the difference devoted to electives, which now occupy three-fifths of time of the senior class. Buchtel College, Akron, reports the more complete equipment of the astronomical observatory, the formation of the nucleus of a museum, the endowment of three new scholarships of $1,000 each, and the receipt of a $36,000 bequest. A normal course is offered in addition to the regular courses. Ohio University, Athens, pays special attention to pedagogical training, and offers an excellent and thorough course of instruction in that department. St. Xavier College, Cincinnati, has received by donation a dynamo-electric machine, with a number of electric lamps, and a large collection of United States coins and currency for the museum. The main building of the University of Cincinnati was damaged by fire in November last, and while the repairs were being made a number of improvements were introduced, the chemical and physical laboratories especially being enlarged. All thes studies of the first 3 years are prescribed, and electives are allowed only in the senior} class. The University of Wooster has adopted a new curriculum, in which more importance> is given to electives. Miami University, Oxford, resumed its exercises this year after a lapse of 12 years. During 1885-86 no instruction was given in the higher branches, but full courses are offered for next year, and the facilities of the institution will then be better than ever before. The courses of Oberlin College have been extended, especially in the junior and senior years. The location of the museum and of the chemical laboratory has been changed and better accommodations afforded them. Improvements of importance have been made in the gymnasium and in the department of physics. A new building, to cost $70,000, is being erected, and new cottages for ladies' dormitories will soon be completed. OREGON. Oregon State University, Eugene City, reports the completion of a new two-story building, 69 feet wide by 115 feet long. A chair of music was established by the trustees in Mah, 1886. The apparatus and equipment generally of the scientific departments are fairly complete. A number of other institutions are reported in Table 39, to which reference may be had for all information not shown in our previous reports, since no innovations are reported during 1885-'96. PENNSYLVANIA. The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, continues to offer the same general courses as have been in use since 1883, and but little change is apparent in the studies to be pursued. The buildings of Muhlenberg College, Allentown, have been repaired and beautified and its libraries enlarged. For Geneva College, Beaver Falls, an additional endowment of $100,000 is being raised and $90,000 have already been subscribed. Lebanon Valley College, Annville, has finished an additional building to be used by the library and music, art, and natural science departments. The trustees of Lincoln University have established a new chair of instruction in the Westminster College, New Wilmington, has effected a new arrangement of studies, and in the future each student will have 3 instead of 4 daily recitations. The facilities of Dickinson College, Carlisle, have been increased during the year by the erection of a handsome new building for the scientific department, and the physical welfare of the students will be promoted by the equipment of the new gymnasium. A library building has also been begun. The endowment of perpetual scholarships at $1,000 each has been authorized by the trustees. Astronomical observatories are being erected for Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, and Washington and Jefferson College, Washington. At their last meeting the trustees of Allegheny College, Meadville, authorized the affiliation of that college with the Meadville College of Music and the Meadville Business School, and hereafter students of Allegheny College will be entitled to the privileges of the two last institutions. RHODE ISLAND. Brown University, Providence, continues to offer its three high-grade courses, in which no material chauge has been made during the year. Select courses are permitted to stadents not candidates for a degree, but the selection is made under the supervision of the faculty. The now library of poetical works has been properly arranged and catalogued. Among the various forms of aid offered to students there are a hun-) dred scholarships. SOUTH CAROLINA. The University of South Carolina, Columbia, has just passed through one of the most successful years in its history, and the number instructed has been greater than for any year since 1849. About three-fifths of the time of instruction is devoted to scientific branches, and the proportion of students in the special courses is increasing. Two new professors have been appointed and will begin their work at the opening of the next fall term. Claflin University, Orangeburgh, has a department for industrial training. 3 น TENNESSEE. The University of Tennessee and State Agricultural and Mechanical College, Knoxville, still offers instruction in the same schools mentioned in our last report. A tuition fee is charged, but by an extensive system of State and county appointments instruction to students residing in the State is made practically free. Special facilities are allowed teachers desiring further preparation for their profession. The name of the East Tennessee Wesleyan University, Athens, has been changed and it is now known as Grant Memorial University. Steps will soon be taken to organize an industrial department. New buildings are being erected for Hiawassee College, Hiawassee; Christian Brothers' College, Memphis; and Greenville and Tusculum College, Tusculum. TEXAS. The University of Texas, Austin, has, during the year, fully established three regular degree courses in which the number of optionals increases as the student approaches graduation, instead of the loose elective system formerly in vogue. Arrangements were inade at the beginning of the fall term to introduce the plan of students' boarding clubs, and after a year's trial these have proven very satisfactory, reducing the neces sary expenses to about $150 per annum. The whole of the lower floor of the main building has been turned over to the chemical department and refitted to supply its needs. A considerable sum has been spent in purchasing additional apparatus, and it is said that the chemical laboratories are among the best equipped in the country. Provision has been made for post-graduate instruction, and advanced study is encouraged. Several other colleges in the State are in a prosperous condition, though no notables changes have occurred within the year just passed. Their statistics may be found in our tables. VERMONT. No innovations of consequence are reported by the colleges of Vermont. The courses of instruction adopted by all of them were duly described in our report for 1884-'85, and later reports show no material change. VIRGINIA. The University of Virginia, the leading institution of learning in the South, continues to impart instruction of a high character in the same departments as for several years past. The Leander McCormick observatory is now open to the students and contains one of the finest telescopes in the country, with all the smaller instruments necessary to the work of the astronomer. An astronomical library has been started. Washington and Lee University, Lexington, allows students to pursue such studies as they may select, subject to the advice of the faculty. Accessions are reported to the library, museum, and art gallery. The curriculum of Randolph Macon College, Ashland, shows two new courses, one of three years, leading to the degree bachelor of philosophy, and the other, a full fouryear course, leading to the A. B. degree. Roanoke College, Salem, has purchased 5 acres of land to be used by the athletic associations. The library and museum have been largely increased. WEST VIRGINIA. West Virginia University, Morgantown, arranged its studies this year in nine distinct schools, from which each student was permitted to select those best suited to his individual wants. There are also a school of law and a preparatory school of medicine. Especial attention is paid to practical geology, and additional provision has recently been made for this study by means of annual excursions of the students through the State. A respectable beginning has been made towards a university library. WISCONSIN. The University of Wisconsin, Madison, two years since lost its principal building by fire, and with it a great part of its apparatus. During the session of 1885 the State Legislature appropriated a sufficient sum to make good the loss for the erection of a new chemical laboratory, a machine shop, a boiler-house with its appurtenances, and a science hall. All these buildings have been completed within the year, excepting the last, which will be, when finished, one of the handsomest buildings of the kind in the West. With these new buildings the equipment of nearly all the departments will be nearly complete. The number of students in attendance this year has been larger than ever before. A short and practical course in agriculture has been arranged for those unable to take a full four-year course. Lawrence University, Appleton, has adopted the elective system during the year and improved its commercial course by the introduction of actual business practice. Racine College, Racine, and the Northwestern University, Watertown, both pay especial attention to physical exercise, and the latter has lately equipped a fine gyinnasium. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Whitman College, Walla Walla, has been fairly prosperous since the beginning of its college functions four years ago. Its debt was decreased from $8,000 to $5,000 during the year and its library increased to 2,000 bound volumes. The courses of instruction offered are similar to those of other new institutions. GROWTH OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. The following is a statement of the aggregate number of universities and colleges, with instructors and students, as reported to this Bureau each year from 1876 to 1886, inclusive (1883 omitted): Улиашей Tendencies in University Control. 1. Toward Optiouse Courses, 2. Toward Post-graduate work. 4. University Extension. Entrance Exame's, a. Outside Educative Organizations, |