sistance is given to those who desire information and instruction by correspondence and the formation of clubs or associations for self-culture, with such assistance, is encouraged. A special course of didactics, covering the full period of 4 years, is provided, and the degree of bachelor of didactics is conferred upon its graduates in addition to the usual degree of B. S. or B. A. The cabinet of physical apparatus has received important additions during the year, many of the more valuable instruments having been imported. The astronomical observatory has been supplied with a new Alvan Clark telescope of 6-inch aperture.

The Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan, not only gives a thorough industrial training to those students who may seek it, but it also disseminates scientific truths of practical value to the people by means of a weekly paper, and holds a series of 6 farmers' institutes in different counties each winter. In these various subjects of interest and importance to the farmers are discussed and efforts made to promote the welfare of the agricultural population in every way possible. In the college each student is required to take one hour's practice daily in the industrial arts and to select studies requiring a certain amount of work during the 4-years course before he can receive the degree of B. S.

The remaining colleges of the State appear to be in a reasonably prosperous condition, and many of them show great improvement, both in their facilities and in the quality of the work done.

An elegant and commodious building of the College of Emporia is approaching completion, and will be ready for use at the opening of the next fall term.

The curriculum of Highland University has been completely rearranged, and the various courses altered to conform more nearly with the needs of the students; the new arrangement includes a "teachers' course."

Washburn College, Topeka, is better prepared for its work since the completion recently of a handsome library building, costing $20,000, and a new "ladies' hall," erected at a cost of $10,000.

Ottawa University has made excellent provision for normal training, having a special professor of didactics, and requiring a full course of 4-years study for graduation. Baker University, Baldwin City, and Lane University, Lecompton, also have normal

courses.

KENTUCKY.

Of the Kentucky colleges the Central University, Richmond, seems to have made the most substantial progress during 1885-'86. For its benefit the State Legislature recently passed an act making it a misdemeanor for merchants or others to give credit to students. The sum of $100,000 has been added to the endowment fund, much of which was given for the establishment of new professorships. These include chairs of applied mathematics, Bible and Christian evidences, and English and modern languages. Beginnings were also made of the endowment of chairs of chemistry and geology and philosophy, and a fund set aside to meet the expenses of a course of lectures upon Christian evidences. Thirty-two scholarships were endowed with $1,000 each. These gifts enabled the curators to materially improve and extend the curriculum and to introduce a partial system of electives. The library has been increased by a gift of 3,000 volumes of religious works. A college of medicine at Louisville is under the control of the university. Other colleges also report extension of facilities or improvements in methods.

Two valuable additions have been made to the library of the Kentucky Wesleyan College, Millersburgh, the entire library of the late Bishop Kavanaugh and a large portion of that of an ex-professor having been donated.

Georgetown College is making efforts to increase the endowment fund by $100,000, and is making satisfactory progress in the undertaking.

Centre College, Danville, has fitted up a dormitory with accommodations for 40 young men, whose benefits will be received free of charge by needy students.

Bethel College, Russellville, has its courses arranged in 8 schools, and students are permitted to select those schools best suited to their individual needs. A gymnasium has been partially equipped.

Normal training is provided for at Berea College, Berea; South Kentucky College, Hopkinsville; and the Kentucky Wesleyan College, Millersburgh.

LOUISIANA.

The standard of instruction of the State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, was raised at the beginning of the year 1835-16 and the requirements for admission made more exacting. In further pursuance of this plan the pre(paratory department was abolished and the limit as to age upon admission raised. A decrease in the number enrolled during the year followed these changes. A new chair of agriculture has been established and an experimental station attached, in connection with the sugar-experiment station, a private enterprise near New Orleans. A large amount of the material exhibited at the recent exposition in New Orleans was donated to the college, and now forms the nucleus of an excellent geological museum

and herbarium. The workshop of the mechanical department was burned in February last, but the insurance was sufficient to replace it in almost as complete a condition as before, and work has been resumed. The mechanical course covers 3 years, the last 2 of which correspond with the freshman and sophomore classes of other courses. Seventy-five 4-year scholarships are provided by the State.

Two additions to the list of chartered colleges have been made during the year, Keochi College, De Soto Parish, and Thacher Institute, Shreveport. The former will continue the use of its old courses of study for a time and will make gradual improvements, but the curriculum of the latter has been considerably extended.

All degrees conferred by Keochi College, prior to the date of its charter, have been legalized.

The Centenary College, Jackson, has broadened its English course and made the instruction in modern languages much more thorough.

Much attention is given to physical culture at Jefferson College, St. James Parish. The main object of Straight University, New Orleans, is the training of colored stu-> dents as teachers. Valuable additions to its physical and mechanical apparatus are noted, and it is proposed to inaugurate a course of systematic training in industrial arts at the beginning of next year. A considerable sum has been received in small subscriptions for student aid,

Tulane University is an institution founded on the endowment of that patriotic and benevolent citizen, Mr. Paul Tulane, for the higher education of the white youth of Louisiana. The administrators of Tulane University, recognizing the great fact that education is a unit, integral from its very nature, and looking to the actual condition of things in Louisiana, find themselves obliged to embrace in their scheme a plan both broad and deep, and to institute for the successive phases of educational devel. opment, a high school, a college, and a university. Taking the youth on the thresh. old of the higher education, this plan proposes, through judicious instruction, to train him to know, to do, and to be, and thus to develop a consistent manhood by means of this harmonious and equable evolution of body, mind, and soul.

Tulane University, of Louisiana, is divided into Tulane University, Tulano Col lege, and Tulane High School, the law department, and the medical department Three years are allotted to the earlier academic life of the high school, which should fit the pupil for the college, or for an ordinary business career.

The Manual Training School is not a separate department of Tulane University, but the laboratory in wood and iron, where instruction and practice render the student quick, observant, and accurate with the eye, ready, skillful, and exact with the hand, and able to think in things, as well as about them, and to execute as well as to describe. In this physical and mechanical training drawing is considered fundamental, and enters into every course. Every student who enters the high school learns to draw, while those who propose a mechanical career carry it to its last results in the applied arts.

Tulane College rests upon its high school, of which it is the proper outcome. It covers, with four years of solid collegiate instruction and training, the second great phase of liberal education. Its purpose is to train and discipline the student for the professions or for leadership in the superior walks of the manifold and ever-widening spheres of active life.

Not trusting in the ability of immature students, or even of parents unaccustomed to consider the due proportions and sequence of studies to properly formulate their own ideals in education, Tulane College has established six courses of study, with prescribed branches, all leading to the degree of bachelor of arts. These courses, though leading to different pursuits in life, are parallel and fully equivalent in the amount, proportion, and exactness of the training and instruction afforded.

The courses are denominated, respectively, classical, literary, mathematical, natnral science, commercial, and mechanical. Each has four classes, which retain the time-honored names of freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. In each course of study, and in each year of that course, it has been sought, by a proper and logical arrangement of studies, to carry forward the instruction and the training to a given practical end.

The degree of bachelor of arts is conferred for the successful accomplishment of any one of the six regular courses named, and students of extraordinary merit may have added to this, "with distinction."

The university work is sharply differentiated from the college work. To the former are admitted graduates of Tulane and other colleges with fairly equivalent requirements and such other persons as shall pass a satisfactory examination on branches of knowledge and studies fully equivalent. University students may select their studies with the approval of the president, and when these have been pursued for two years to the satisfaction of the president and faculty they shall, after satisfactory examination and written thosis, approved by the president and faculty, receive the degree of master of arts.

MAINE.

The State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts sustained a serious loss during the last year in a way that attracted considerable attention. The herd of cattle belonging to the college farm became infected with tuberculosis and the extermination of the entire herd, comprising fifty-one blooded animals, was ordered by the State veterinary surgeon. Trouble was had during the fall term with the majority of the students, who refused to attend their classes because six of their comrades had been suspended for hazing. The refractory students were at once suspended, but were soon after readmitted upon their reconsideration of their action. The theoretical instruction in military science was widened in its scope, and the organization of the cadet corps changed at the opening of the year by the advice of the new commandant. A loan fund for students needing temporary aid has been started by a donation of $600,

Bates College, Lewiston, has received the gift of an excellent site for an observatory. A gymnasium is being equipped and is now supplied with sufficient apparatus to be used by the students.

Colby University, Waterville, reports modifications in the courses of study, though no radical changes have been made. The trustees have recently purchased a building to be used as a “ladies' hall." The art collection and the library have been increased during the year, the Tatter by 634 volumes. A department of mineralogy and geology has been fitted up and a new professorship established.

Bowdoin College, Brunswick, is erecting a new gymnasium building, the equipment of which has been donated by a graduate of the college. The library has increased by 1,394 volumes and 600 pamphlets. The Medical School of Maine is controlled by

its trustees.

MARYLAND.

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, has made no change in the courses of study or the methods of work, and, with two important exceptions, only the ordinary improvements have been made in the facilities and buildings. The exceptions refer to the enlargement of the chemical laboratory and building of a new physical laboratory, which is expected to be ready for occupation at the beginning of the next term. Eighty fellowships and scholarships are awarded to young men of uncommon character and intellectual promise. The system has been recently readjusted by the trustees of the university, and now comprises 6 classes. No pecuniary benefit is derived from one class, called "fellowship by courtesy," the honor only being conferred, but twenty fellowships are annually awarded yielding $500 each besides free tuition. The scholarships yield free tuition only in some cases, but in others $200 or $250 per annum.

Our statistics show the names of a number of other colleges, only a few of which seem to have made any considerable advance during the year.

Western Maryland College, Westminster, proposes to double the size of the male dormitory and to provide a complete gymnasium before the opening of the next year. Loyola College, Baltimore, has established a commercial course.

New Windsor College has made provision for the training of teachers,

MASSACHUSETTS.

Harvard College, Cambridge, no longer compels the attendance of students upon the daily religious exercises, but better provisions have been made for the conduct of devotional services than ever before. Five preachers to the university have been selected, and these, with the newly-appointed Plummer professor of Christian morals, have entire pastoral charge of the body of students. Important changes have been made, after much discussion, in the requirements for admission, and an entirely new plan of examinations has been adopted. The marking system has also undergone a change, the classification of the members of each class into 5 groups according to merit, having replaced the percentage plan. To prevent indolence 3 new measures were adopted at the beginning of the year, viz, first, each student must present satisfactory evidence to his instructor that his work is being systematically performed, or he is liable to be excluded from that course; second, no changes will be allowed in elective courses during any year except for cogent reasons, to be stated in writing to the faculty; third, a committee has been appointed to look after special students and advise them in the selection of their studies.

The committee on athletic sports was appointed upon a new plan this year, its members being partly drawn from the students. The graduate department has been made more easily accessible, especially to graduates of other institutions. A new library building is still in progress of erection for the divinity school, its completion having been delayed by labor difficulties. The amount of instruction imparted in the law school has been largely increased, and two additional instructors, made necessary by the change, were appointed during the year. The Lawrence Scientific School is being gradually absorbed by the college, and it is now considered advisable to discontinue its separate organization. The increase in the library in 1883–86 was con

siderably less than for several years past, having been only 6,730 volumes. A half course in experimental science was established early in the year for beginners, to supply a common deficiency in the preparation of freshmen. For several years summer classes in the sciences have been open, principally for the benefit of teachers, and for the next summer these will include a class in experimental physics. About 111 scholarships, yielding from $90 to $350 per annum, are provided for, 5 of them having been added during the year.

Williams College, Williamston, now permits its students to select one-sixth of the entire amount of work done, one-third of the studies of the junior year having been made elective during the year. A gymnasium, complete in all its arrangements, was opened to the students in May, 1886, after the expenditure upon it of over $50,000; an athletic field for out-door sports, for which the college had spent $5,000, was also first used during the year. An additional professor, to have charge of the instructions in English literature, was appointed recently and will begin his labors for the college at the opening of the next year. A beginning has been made toward a historical

museum.

Tufts College, College Hill, reports an increase in the number of students in attendance and the consequent enlargement of the dormitory and lecture-rooms. The library fund has received considerable additions, and the number of volumes in the library has correspondingly increased. The instruction in carpentry during the year was more systematic and thorough than ever before.

Amherst College, Amherst, has made no important changes in its methods or curric ulum during the year. The collegiate instruction given is embraced in nine groups,> each of which leads to the degree of A. B. Attendance upon the gymnasium is enforced, and the good health of the students bears witness to the efficacy of the system. The income from funds devoted to student-aid amounts to $8,000 annually.

MICHIGAN.

Those colleges that have sent catalogues to this Office for 1885-'86 appear to be in a flourishing condition. Among the improvements reported the introduction by Battle Creek College of a system of manual training is noteworthy. Thorough instruction in a number of trades may now be had at this institution.

Kalamazoo College has paid all her old debts, and reports an increase of the endowment as well. The optical department has received important additions.

Hillsdale College maintains, in addition to the usual collegiate departments, a teachers' training school and a theological department.

Hope College, Holland, suffered the loss by fire of one of its buildings during the year, and has already begun to solicit subscriptions to replace it. A house is being built for the president.

The Michigan Agricultural College has made extraordinary extensions in its facilities during the year. The thorough prosecution of the work of the new course in mechanic arts has been provided for by the completion and equipment of a mechanical laboratory, containing a complete blacksmith shop, brass foundry, and wood-working establishment. Much of the machinery and nearly all the tools were made by the students, and compare favorably with the work done in regular manufacturing establishments. A two-story brick building for the use of the veterinary department has also been built and furnished during the year. The military feature was intro duced in 1885, and is conducted by an officer of the regular Army.

The University of Michigan, Ann Harbor, affords instruction in the same departments as last year, and the requirements for admission are substantially unchanged. Prominent among the improvements noted appears the extension of the course in the law school, which now covers two years of nine months each. A liberal appropriation by the State Legislature has enabled the department of medicine and surgery to make better provision for the study of histology by the purchase of thirty fine microscopes and other needed instruments. A complete set of self-registering meteorological instruments has been added to the physical apparatus.

MINNESOTA.

Reference to our statistical tables will show nearly all the information received from the colleges of Minnesota.

Carleton College, Northfield, is open to students of all races and sects. Regular courses are provided, but eclectic courses are permitted under certain restrictions. The astronomical department has received additional instruments during the year, and a new building is being erected for their accommodation.

St. John's University, Collegeville, maintains ecclesiastical, classical, medical, scientific, and commercial courses and a preparatory department for those not sufficiently advanced to enter the regular courses. The university also controls an industrial school at White Earth for pupils from the Chippewa Indian Reservation.

The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, is erecting a handsome building for the College of Mechanic Arts and promises its completion before the opening of the next

year. This building is designed to contain the Artisans' Training School, with its machinery and apparatus, and the schools of civil and mechanical engineering and architecture. The library, museums, and apparatus of the university are sufficient for its needs and are constantly receiving additions.

MISSISSIPPI.

The colleges of Mississippi continue to give instruction in the same branches and by the same methods as formerly, and, except the ordinary improvements, nothing of especial interest seems to have occurred.

The increase in the library of the University of Mississippi, Oxford, amounted to 1,000 volumes during 1885-'86. Our tabulated statistics show additional information.

MISSOURI.

The Missouri Agricultural College and University, Columbia, has always been liberally cared for by the State, and during the past year received additional evidence of the generosity of the State authorities. The extensive alterations and improvements upon the main building, begun in 1883, have been completed, and the remodelled observatory opened to the students since our last report. Since the addition of two wings the main building presents a front of 347 feet. The college farm has been greatly improved in the last few years, and especially so during 1885-'86. The museum connected with this department, and, indeed, all the museums of the college, received important accessions during the year. For the physical exercise of the lady students a military gymnastic drill has been introduced by the commandant of cadets. The (normal school is an important department, and its highest degree, master of pedagogy, is considered the most desirable degree conferred by the college. The State veterina rian is stationed at Columbia and imparts instruction to the students in his specialty. A chemical laboratory, admirably adapted to its needs, has been added to the equipment of the School of Mines and Metallurgy at Rolla. Many other colleges in the State have made notable advances during the year.

The Southwest Baptist College, Bolivar, has secured an excellent Alvin Clark telescope of 4-inch aperture for its astronomical department. The curriculum includes an excellent normal course with a model school as a means of illustrating the principles taught.

Central College, Fayette, has erected a gymnasium and supplied it with a fairly complete outfit.

La Grange College has increased its endowment fund.

Drury College, Springfield, reports an increase in its library of 500 volumes, the beginning of a gymnasium, improvements in its museum of natural history, and a course especially arranged for the training of public-school teachers.

Lewis College, Glasgow, and La Grange College also give normal instruction.

MONTANA.

The College of Montana, Deer Lodge, has recently added a school of science to its other departments of instruction, and the new professor will take charge of classes in chemistry, assaying, and mineralogy at the opening of the next fall term. A suite of rooms in the main building has been arranged for the purposes of this department, and supplied with the necessary laboratory, furnaces, &c. A handsome dormitory hall, with sleeping apartments and private parlors for seventy students, was erected in 1885. A teachers' course finds a place in the curriculum.

NEBRASKA.

The University of Nebraska is increasing in popularity and usefulness. Though the {total number of students has not increased, because of the policy of the university to remit preparatory work to the public high schools, the number in the regular college classes is now almost twice as large as two years ago. The system of receiving students without examination from accredited high schools has been recently introduced, and sixteen schools were commissioned. A step has been taken towards the establishment of a veterinary school by the establishment of a station for the study of the diseases of animals. Improvements are being made on the college farm as far as the funds on hand will permit, and it is now in better condition than ever before. The popular feeling against the industrial school has subsided, and a wonderful improve ment during the year is evident. The medical school has been deprived of State aid, and its attendance has fallen to 18 students. The sum of $5,500 has been spent in improvements and repairs upon buildings already standing, and a new chemical laboratory, costing, with its equipments, $35,000, has been erected during the year. The library, cabinets, and herbarium have been largely increased.

Doane College, Crete, reports the erection during 1885-'86 of the first astronomical observatory in the State. A fine telescope and the usual auxiliary instruments have been purchased.