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the performance of its educational function. I said then that the imbalance in the academic community is not due to too much research support but to the unfortunate fact that, until recently, this has been the sole kind of Federal support available.

The clear and urgent need for comparable educational support is certainly not a consequence of the existence of research support.

On the contrary, the need for educational support would have been acutely felt much earlier and would be even greater now if it were not for the existence of quite substantial research support.

The availability of Federal support for research during the past decade has had a tremendous and very healthy effect on the medical schools of this country.

Substantial Federal funding of research made it possible to attract to their faculties highly competent physicians and scientists who derived much of their income from research but who were then, for a small investment of the schools' own funds, also available for teaching.

This not only made it possible to increase the number of faculty members, despite small and static educational funds, but it broadened the range of expertise of the faculty and, thereby, greatly enhanced the quality of the instruction provided.

INCREASE IN FULL-TIME FACULTY AND BIOMEDICAL INVESTIGATORS OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS

A notable feature of the development of medical schools during the past decade is the sharp increase in the proportion of full-time faculty which was largely made possible by the availability of research support.

The influx of biomedical investigators into the medical schools on a full-time basis has, incidentally, also had a similar effect on the quality and the scope of the medical services rendered by the medical schools.

SELECTION OF ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS FOR RESEARCH PROJECT GRANTS

The deep involvement of medical schools in research is neither accidental nor ill-advised. Through the joint action of the Congress and the executive branch-in which this committee played a very prominent part-this country chose academic institutions as the principal place where research should be done. In most countries it is mainly done in quite separate research institutions. An incidental effect of this country's decision was to change-I should say, lift-the face of education in biology and medicine.

Moreover, we chose to support research mainly through individual project grants, awarded on the basis of the individual merit of the applicant and his proposal through a widely praised review system relying on the scientific judgment of the applicant's peers and on the judgment of prestigious advisory councils concerning the proposal's relevance to the achievement of national research goals.

Most importantly, it should be recognized that the purpose of research support-and of the appropriations which make it possibleis to stimulate the search for knowledge and for the better treatment of disease.

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