Howell, Wallace E., president, W. E. Howell Associates, Inc., and Mount Huning, Jack, New Mexico Cattle Growers' Association___ Page 151 384 104 Kahan, Archie A., Chief, Water Conservation Branch, Bureau of Reclama- 64, 170 366 Kassander, Dr. A. Richard, chairman, board of trustees, University Cor- Lange, Dr. William A., chief hydrographer, Southern California Edison MacDonald, Dr. Gordon J. F., chairman, Department of Planetary and Malone, Thomas F., second vice president, Travelers Insurance Co-- 372 83 87 132 382 Mordy, Dr. Wendell A., vice president, University of Nevada...- 198 31 Power, Bernard A., president, Weather Engineering Corp. of America 235 192 377 Roberts, Dr. Walter O., director, National Center for Atomspheric Re- 351 Schaefer, Dr. Vincent J., director, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, 109 Schleusener, Dr. Richard, director, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, 244 Schwentker, Homer, executive secretary, South Dakota Rain Increase 317 Sheldon, Phil, Scottsbluff, Nebr.. 319 Shumway, Stuart E., secretary, State of Washington Weather Modifica- 218 Smith, Prof. Merle D., Physics Department, Chadron State College--- 290 Sources__ Svendby, Arthur, director, National Reclamation Association, Lem- 227 303 Udall, Hon. Stewart L., Secretary of the Interior. 33 312 Veren, Roland, chairman, Black Hills Conservancy Subdistrict, Sturgis, 314 Vonnegut, Dr. Bernard, scientist, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, 184 Weather Control Research Association_ Wilm, Harold G., associate dean and director, Water Resources Institute, 207 214 COMMUNICATIONS Bosco, F. Neal, Albuquerque, N. Mex.: Telegram to Hon. Clinton P. 388 Hazen, Arlon G., director, Agricultural Experiment Station: Letter to 262 Jacob, C. E., professor, New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology: 238 236 Neyman, J., professor and director of the Statistical Library, University 326 320 Consultants on atmospheric water resources program... Council of National Association of Soil & Water Conservation Districts, ESSA scientists and engineers in weather modification and related areas__ 302 74 326 "Water Resources in the Sky," by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. 33 Weather Modification Act of the State of Washington.. 219 WEATHER MODIFICATION MONDAY, MARCH 21, 1966 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER AND POWER RESOURCES OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10 a.m., in room 3110, New Senate Office Building, Senator Clinton P. Anderson (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Senators Clinton P. Anderson (New Mexico), Henry M. Jackson (Washington), Frank E. Moss (Utah), Gordon Állott (Čolorado), and Len B. Jordan (Idaho). Present also: Senator George McGovern (South Dakota). Professional staff present: Jerry T. Verkler, staff director; Stewart French, chief counsel; Roy M. Whitacre, professional staff member; Frederick O. Frederickson, special counsel, and E. Lewis Reid, minority counsel. Senator ANDERSON. The hearings we are opening today on S. 2875 are, so far as I am concerned, the continuation of a 15-year effort to accelerate weather modification research. I am looking forward to the hearings with considerable interest, for I see on the witness list men I met in 1951 in the General Electric Laboratories, when I journeyed there then with a subcommittee of this committee to learn something of the work in this field which Dr. Langmuir, Dr. Vonnegut, and Dr. Schaeffer were conducting. If I am not mistaken, I also met some of the other witnesses at about that same time. In order to avoid taking time from witnesses this morning, the subcommittee several days ago printed a statement of the background and purposes of this hearing. It has been supplied to the witnesses for any guidance it might give them, and to other interested parties. If there is no objection, I shall include it in the record this morning as my opening statement and anyone not familiar with its contents can obtain a copy from the staff. I would like to say that some time ago, when it became known that the National Academy of Sciences and National Science Foundation panels were recommending accelerated weather modification research work, I was joined by Senator George McGovern, of South Dakota, in a request to the Department of the Interior for assistance in developing an appropriate program to implement that report insofar as the Interior Department's mission is concerned. Such a program was developed and supplied to us. It became the basis of S. 2875, which was drafted by a member of our staff. 1 The program and the bill were developed over a period of several weeks. We had the help of some mighty fine scientists in preparing the program and the bill. I believe the bill will require some perfecting amendments, but as these hearings open I would like to testify that I feel it is a solidly based point of beginning for the consideration of our next steps in what, to my personal knowledge, is at least a 15-yearold effort to speed up the search for ways to tap the water resources of the atmosphere. A copy of S. 2875, the report thereof, and the statement of background and purpose, follow. (The documents referred to follow :) [S. 2875, 89th Cong., 2d sess.] A BILL To authorize and direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a comprehensive program of scientific and engineering research, experiments, tests, and operations for increasing the yield of water from atmospheric sources Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. As one means of assuring supplies of water adequate in quantity and quality to meet the requirements of the Nation's growing population and economy, it is the policy of the Congress to provide for effective beneficial utilization of atmospheric water resources through a coordinated program of research and operations. SEC. 2. As used in this Act, words and phrases are defined as follows: (a) "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior; (b) "Atmospheric water" means water in fluid, gaseous, crystalline, or other state, in clouds, vapors, or any other form, located at any distance above the surface of the earth; (c) "Comprehensive program" means the program of research and operations for accomplishment of the purposes of this Act, and any revisions, supplements, or additions to it. TITLE I-THE COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM SEC. 100. The Secretary of the Interior shall formulate and carry out a comprehensive program of scientific and engineering research, experiments, tests, and operations directed at increasing the yield of water from atmospheric sources for beneficial uses in all regions of the United States, giving due regard to the relation of anticipated specific and general benefits to the costs of securing such increased atmospheric water yields, to the legal rights of interests that may be affected, and to other relevant matters. The comprehensive program may include, without being limited to, tests for improvement of present systems of cloud seeding or other methods of inducing precipitation; mathematical or other scientific analyses of clouds and cloud systems, and of the general continental or hemispheric circulation; engineering and other technical work for designing and developing equipment for identifying and modifying atmospheric water processes; economic, legal, and other research needed for planning and executing atmospheric water operations; and the training of scientists and engineers in atmospheric water resources research and operations. The aim of the comprehensive program is to develop and utilize techniques for controlling precipitation so as to increase the Nation's total benefits from its atmospheric water resources, and the program shall take full advantage of all of the Nation's scientific and technical capability, public and private, governmental, academic, and industrial that can be brought to bear on the problem. SEC. 101. In formulation and execution of the comprehensive program, the Secretary shall request the advice and participation of all Federal agencies that have scientific or engineering competence related to atmospheric water matters, and all such Federal agencies are directed to participate in said comprehensive program on the basis of agreements with the Secretary. SEC. 102. The Secretary may provide by contracts, grants, or other arrangements that he determines to be suitable, for participation in the formulation and execution of the comprehensive program by educational institutions, private foundations and other institutions, private firms and individuals, and local and State government agencies, and such participation may include training in the |