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any person (other than such station), or any person (other than such station) who pays or agrees to pay such employee, any money, service or other valuable consideration for the broadcast of any matter over such station shall, in advance of such broadcast, disclose the fact of such acceptance or agreement to such station.

235 Section 507 was formerly numbered section 508. It was redesignated as section 507 by Public Law 96-507, 94 Stat. 2747, Dec. 8, 1980. This section was added by Public Law 86-752, 74 Stat. 889, Sept. 13, 1960. See also note 234.

(b) Subject to subsection (d), any person who, in connection with the production or preparation of any program or program matter which is intended for broadcasting over any radio station, accepts or agrees to accept, or pays or agrees to pay, any money, service or other valuable consideration for the inclusion of any matter as a part of such program or program matter, shall, in advance of such broadcast, disclose the fact of such acceptance or payment or agreement to the payee's employer, or to the person for which such program or program matter is being produced, or to the licensee of such station over which such program is broadcast.

(c) Subject to subsection (d), any person who supplies to any other person any program or program matter which is intended for broadcasting over any radio station shall, in advance of such broadcast, disclose to such other person any information of which he has knowledge, or which has been disclosed to him, as to any money, service or other valuable consideration which any person has paid or accepted, or has agreed to pay or accept, for the inclusion of any matter as a part of such program or program matter.

(d) The provisions of this section requiring the disclosure of information shall not apply in any case where, because of a waiver made by the Commission under section 317(d), an announcement is not required to be made under section 317.

(e) The inclusion in the program of the announcement required by section 317 shall constitute the disclosure required by this section.

(f) The term "service or other valuable consideration" as used in this section shall not include any service or property furnished without charge or at a nominal charge for use on, or in connection with, a broadcast, or for use on a program which is intended for broadcasting over any radio station, unless it is so furnished in consideration for an identification in such broadcast or in such program of any person, product, service, trademark, or brand name

casting or in the production, preparation, performance, or presentation of a program or programs for broadcasting; or

(3) to pay or agree to pay any exaction on account of the broadcasting, by means of recording or transcriptions, of a program previously broadcast, payment having been made, or agreed to be made, for the services actually rendered in the performance of such program. (c) The provisions of subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall not be held to make unlawful the enforcement or attempted enforcement, by means lawfully employed, of any contract right heretofore or hereafter existing or of any legal obligation heretofore or hereafter incurred or assumed. (d) Whoever willfully violates any provision of subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or by a fine not more than $1,000, or both.

(e) As used in this section the term "licensee" includes the owner or owners, and the person or persons having control or management of the radio station in respect of which a station license was granted.

beyond an identification which is reasonably related to the use of such service or property in such broadcast or such program.

(g) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall, for each such violation, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.236

PROHIBITED PRACTICES IN CASE OF CONTESTS OF INTELLECTUAL
KNOWLEDGE, INTELLECTUAL SKILL, OR CHANCE

SEC. 508.237 [47 U.S.C. 509] (a) It shall be unlawful for any person, with intent to deceive the listening or viewing public

(1) To supply to any contestant in a purportedly bona fide contest of intellectual knowledge or intellectual skill any special and secret assistance whereby the outcome of such contest will be in whole or in part prearranged or predetermined.

(2) By means of persuasion, bribery, intimidation, or otherwise, to induce or cause any contestant in a purportedly bona fide contest of intellectual knowledge or intellectual skill to refrain in any manner from using or displaying his knowledge or skill in such contest, whereby the outcome thereof will be in whole or in part prearranged or predetermined.

(3) To engage in any artifice or scheme for the purpose of prearranging or predetermining in whole or in part the outcome of a purportedly bona fide contest of intellectual knowledge, intellectual skill, or chance.

(4) To produce or participate in the production for broadcasting of, to broadcast or participate in the broadcasting of, to offer to a licensee for broadcasting, or to sponsor, any radio program, knowing or having reasonable ground for believing that, in connection with a purportedly bona fide contest of intellectual knowledge, intellectual skill, or chance constituting any part of such program, any person has done or is going to do any act or thing referred to in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection.

(5) To conspire with any other person or persons to do any act or thing prohibited by paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of this subsection, if one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of such conspiracy.

(b) For the purpose of this section

(1) The term "contest" means any contest broadcast by a radio station in connection with which any money or any other thing of value is offered as a prize or prizes to be paid or presented by the program sponsor or by any other person or persons, as announced in the course of the broadcast.

(2) The term "the listening or viewing public" means those members of the public who, with the aid of radio receiving sets, listen to or view programs broadcast by radio stations. (c) Whoever violates subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. [Sec. 509] 237

236 This section was added by Public Law 86-752, approved September 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 889. 237 Section 508 was formerly numbered section 509. It was redesignated as section 508 by Public Law 96-507, 94 Stat. 2747, Dec. 8, 1980. See also note 235.

This section (formerly section 509) was added by Public Law 86-752, 74 Stat. 889, Sept. 13,

FORFEITURE OF COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES

SEC. 510. [47 U.S.C 510] (a) Any electronic, electromagnetic, radio frequency, or similar device, or component thereof, used, sent, carried, manufactured, assembled, possessed, offered for sale, sold, or advertised with willful and knowing intent to violate section 301 or 302, or rules prescribed by the Commission under such sections, may be seized and forfeited to the United States.

(b) Any property subject to forfeiture to the United States under this section may be seized by the Attorney General of the United States upon process issued pursuant to the supplemental rules for certain admiralty and maritime claims by any district court of the United States having jurisdiction over the property, except that seizure without such process may be made if the seizure is incident to a lawful arrest or search.

(c) All provisions of law relating to

(1) the seizure, summary and judicial forfeiture, and condemnation of property for violation of the customs laws;

(2) the disposition of such property or the proceeds from the sale thereof;

(3) the remission or mitigation of such forfeitures; and

(4) the compromise of claims with respect to such forfeitures; shall apply to seizures and forfeitures incurred, or alleged to have been incurred, under the provisions of this section, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, except that such seizures and forfeitures shall be limited to the communications device, devices, or components thereof.

(d) Whenever property is forfeited under this section, the Attorney General of the United States may forward it to the Commission or sell any forfeited property which is not harmful to the public. The proceeds from any such sale shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States.238

238 Section 510, which appears above, was added by Public Law 97-259, 96 Stat. 1087, 1098, Sept. 13, 1982.

A former section 510 ("Forfeiture in Cases of Violations of Certain Rules and Regulations") was repealed by section 4, Public Law 95-234, 92 Stat. 33, 35, Feb. 21, 1978. In addition, section of Public Law 95-234 provided:

The amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 21, 1978]; except that the provisions of sections 503(b) and 510 of the Communications Act of 1934, as in effect on such date of enactment, shall continue to constitute the applicable law with the respect to any act or omission which occurs prior to such thirtieth day.

The former section 510 was added by Public Law 81-448, 76 Stat. 68, May 11, 1962, and reads as follows:

FORFEITURE IN CASES OF VIOLATIONS OF CERTAIN RULES AND REGULATIONS

SEC. 510. (a) Where any radio station other than licensed radio stations in the broadcast service or stations governed by the provisions of parts II and III of title III and section 507 of this Act(1) is operated by any person not holding a valid radio operator license or permit of the class prescribed in the rules and regulations of the Commission for the operation of such station;

(2) fails to identify itself at the times and in the manner prescribed in the rules and regulations of the Commission;

(3) transmits any false call contrary to regulations of the Commission;

(4) is operated on a frequency not authorized by the Commission for use by such station; (5) transmits unauthorized communications on any frequency designated as a distress or calling frequency in the rules and regulations of the Commission;

Continued

TITLE VI-CABLE COMMUNICATIONS 238A

PART I-GENERAL PROVISIONS

PURPOSES

SEC. 601. [47 U.S.C. 521] The purposes of this title are to(1) establish a national policy concerning cable communications;

(2) establish franchise procedures and standards which encourage the growth and development of cable systems and which assure that cable systems are responsive to the needs and interests of the local community;

(3) establish guidelines for the exercise of Federal, State, and local authority with respect to the regulation of cable systems; (4) assure that cable communications provide and are encouraged to provide the widest possible diversity of information sources and services to the public;

(5) establish an orderly process for franchise renewal which protects cable operators against unfair denials of renewal where the operator's past performance and proposal for future performance meet the standards established by this title; and (6) promote competition in cable communications and minimize unnecessary regulation that would impose an undue economic burden on cable systems.

(6) interferes with any distress call or distress communication contrary to the regulations of the Commission;

(7) fails to attenuate spurious emissions to the extent required by the rules and regulations of the Commission;

(8) is operated with power in excess of that authorized by the Commission;

(9) renders a communication service not authorized by the Commission for the particular station;

(10) is operated with a type of emission not authorized by the Commission;

(11) is operated with transmitting equipment other than that authorized by the Commission; or

(12) fails to respond to official communications from the Commission;

the licensee of the station shall, in addition to any other penalty prescribed by law, forfeit to the United States a sum not to exceed $100. In the case of a violation of clause (2), (3), (5), or (6) of this subsection, the person operating such station shall, in addition to any other penalty prescribed by law, forfeit to the United States a sum not to exceed $100. The violation of the provisions of each numbered clause of this subsection shall constitute a separate offense: Provided, That $100 shall be the maximum amount of forfeiture liability for which the licensee or person operating such station shall be liable under this section for the violation of the provisions of any one of the numbered clauses of this subsection irrespective of the number of violations thereof, occurring within ninety days prior to the date the notice of apparent liability is issued or sent as provided in subsection, (c) of this section: And provided further, That $500 shall be the maximum amount of forfeiture liability for which the licensee or persons operating such station shall be liable under the section for all violations of the provisions of this section, irrespective of the total number thereof, occurring within ninety days prior to the date such notice of apparent liability is issued or sent as provided in subsection (c) of this section.

(b) The forfeiture liability provided for in this section shall attach only for a willful or repeated violation of the provisions of this section by any licensee or person operating a station.

(c) No forfeiture liability under this section shall attach after the lapse of ninety days from the date of the violation unless within such time a written notice of apparent liability, setting forth the facts which indicate apparent liability, shall have been issued by the Commission and received by such person, or the Commission has sent him such notice by registered mail or by certified mail at his last known address. The person so notified of apparent liability shall have the opportunity to show cause in writing why he should not be held liable and, upon his request, he shall be afforded an opportunity for a personal interview with an official of the Commission at the field office of the Commission nearest to the person's place of residence.

238A Title VI of the Communications Act of 1934 was added by the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, Public Law 98-549, 98 Stat. 2780, Oct. 30, 1984.

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 602. [47 U.S.C. 522] For purposes of this title—

(1) the term "affiliate", when used in relation to any person, means another person who owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, such person;

(2) the term "basic cable service" means any service tier which includes the retransmission of local television broadcast signals;

(3) the terms "cable channel" or "channel" means a portion of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum which is used in a cable system and which is capable of delivering a television channel (as television channel is defined by the Commission by regulation);

(4) the term "cable operator" means any person or group of persons (A) who provides cable service over a cable system and directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable system, or (B) who otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement, the management and operation of such a cable system;

(5) the term "cable service" means

(A) the one-way transmission to subscribers of (i) video programming, or (ii) other programming service, and

(B) subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection of such video programming or other programming service;

(6) the term "cable system" means a facility, consisting of a set of closed transmission paths and associated signal generation, reception, and control equipment that is designed to provide cable service which includes video programming and which is provided to multiple subscribers within a community, but such term does not include (A) a facility that serves only to retransmit the television signals of 1 or more television broadcast stations; (B) a facility that serves only subscribers in 1 or more multiple unit dwellings under common ownership, control, or management, unless such facility or facilities uses any public right-of-way; (C) a facility of a common carrier which is subject, in whole or in part, to the provisions of title II of this Act, except that such facility shall be considered a cable system (other than for purposes of section 621(c)) to the extent such facility is used in the transmission of video programming directly to subscribers; or (D) any facilities of any electric utility used solely for operating its electric utility systems;

(7) the term "Federal agency" means any agency of the United States, including the Commission;

(8) the term "franchise" means an initial authorization, or renewal thereof (including a renewal of an authorization which has been granted subject to section 626), issued by a franchising authority, whether such authorization is designated as a franchise, permit, license, resolution, contract, certificate, agreement, or otherwise, which authorizes the construction or operation of a cable system;

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