Dr. FOSTER. The tests on REDEYE are just being completed. The system is scheduled for deployment in

Mr. SIKES. Does it still have problems? The reports reaching us would indicate that all of the problems associated with its operation have not been overcome. Is that correct?

Dr. FOSTER. It is true, Mr. Chairman, that we did encounter some difficulties following the initial service tests which started in January of 1966. These were associated with -. To my knowledge these

difficulties have been generally overcome.

Mr. SIKES. Have you had to sacrifice any of the standards of performance which we were seeking?

Dr. FOSTER. No, sir.

SAM-D MISSILE SYSTEM

Mr. SIKES. You mentioned SAM-D in your discussion. What does SAM-D have that previous surface-to-air missiles did not have? Dr. FOSTER. Mr. Chairman, it is to possess the ability to take on a large number of targets at one time, and in addition to react severalfold faster than possible with current systems.

Mr. SIKES. What is the present status?

Dr. FOSTER. Its present status is that we are in contract definition for advanced development.

Later this year we will face a decision as to whether or not we should continue this effort and procure a few sets that can be tested in the field, or not only to procure a few sets but to contract to provide for production as well.

Mr. SIKES. Are you speaking of a system now for the? Dr. FOSTER. Yes, sir; I am.

FAST DEPLOYMENT LOGISTIC SHIPS

Mr. SIKES. Have you been brought into the picture on the fast deployment logistic ships which the Navy is seeking to procure? Dr. FOSTER. On the research and development side; yes, sir. Mr. SIKES. This program is having rough going on Capitol Hill. A Senate committee has just voted against including it in their authori

zation bill.

The House committee has not acted. The appropriation item is before us, but if it is not authorized it cannot be funded.

I attended a meeting on yesterday where some concepts of the FDL program were discussed by industry representatives in connection with a private venture for the construction of ore carriers. They are going part of the way toward the concept that I had associated with FDL. This had to do with modernization, et cetera.

Do you feel that industry could, without the incentive that is set forth in the Navy's FDL program, achieve a degree of modernization which will be roughly comparable to that sought through appropriations?

Dr. FOSTER. Mr. Chairman, I am extremely disappointed that the Senate has taken this position.

Mr. SIKES. So am I. I may be getting you overboard a little bit, bat do you consider the action before the Congress now essential to successful steps to modernize the American merchant fleet?

Dr. FOSTER. Yes; I believe it is, Mr. Chairman. I believe that without the funding requested by the Department of Defense, we will lack

a very essential incentive. Since the Defense Department is a principal customer of the American shipbuilding industry, the way in which we buy our ships has a great influence on the ability of shipbuilders to plan their business.

The FDL program is an effort to institute a new procurement policy which should make it possible for the shipbuilding industry to do meaningful, long-range planning which should encourage them to modernize their plants and facilities. More efficient facilities should reduce the cost of new ships both to the Government and to the merchant marine.

Mr. SIKES. Mr. Director, you have been a patient, hardworking, and very helpful witness. I do not think we have ever had a more cooperative witness and one who has tried harder to give the committee the facts on all the complicated and difficult questions that we have discussed.

Dr. FOSTER. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. It has been a great pleasure to appear before you again this year.

ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY

WITNESSES

DR. CHARLES M. HERZFELD, DIRECTOR, ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY

DR. PETER A. FRANKEN, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, ARPA

RUSSELL W. BEARD, DIRECTOR, PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, ARPA

Mr. SIKES. The committee will come to order.

We are privileged this afternoon to hear the budget requirements of the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense. It is with pleasure that I note the presence again of Dr. Charles M. Herzfeld, the Director, who has done very outstanding work for this important Agency.

I believe, Dr. Herzfeld, you have with you a new Deputy Director. You may present him to the committee.

Dr. HERZFELD. It is an honor to present him. This is Dr. Franken, until recently professor of physics at the University of Michigan, and who is an internationally known physicist with special interest in optics and laser physics. We are indeed very happy and pleased to have him take Dr. Frosch's place. As you know, Dr. Frosch was chosen by the President to become Assistant Secretary of the Navy for R. & D. I think Dr. Franken will fill those large shoes very adequately, and we are very happy to have him here.

It is a great pleasure to bring him here and introduce him to the committee.

Mr. SIKES. We are glad to welcome you, Dr. Franken, on your first appearance before the committee.

Dr. FRANKEN. Thank you.

(Biographical sketches follow:)

DR. CHARLES M. HERZFELD

Dr. Charles M. Herzfeld became the fifth Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency on June 6, 1965, succeeding Dr. Robert L. Sproull. Dr. Herzfeld was Deputy Director of ARPA from 1963 until becoming Director, having first served in ARPA as Director of Ballistic Missile Defense beginning in 1961. Dr. Herzfeld graduated from Catholic University with a degree in Chemical Engineering in 1945 and received his Ph. D. in Chemical Physics from the University of Chicago in 1951. He then entered active military service and served for the next two years as a Theoretical Physicist at the Ballistics Research Laboratory of the Army Ordnance Corps.

Upon return to civilian life Dr. Herzfeld entered government service at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. He served at the National Bureau of Standards as Chief of the Heat Division and as Associate Director prior to coming to ARPA. During this government service Dr. Herzfeld also was a lecturer at the University of Maryland from 1953-1957 and a Professor of Physics at Maryland from 1957 to 1961.

Dr. Herzfeld is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and of the Washington Academy of Sciences, and a member of the American Ordnance Association, the Philosophical Society of Washington, and Sigma Xi. He has edited the standard scientific work on temperature and has authored many scientific articles. His past research efforts have been devoted to the theory of interior ballistics, the magnetism and spectra of solids, trapped radicals, heterogeneous catalysis, and group theory.

He is a member of the Catholic Association for International Peace, having served as President from 1959 to 1961.

In 1963, Dr. Herzfeld was awarded the Arthur S. Fleming Award as one of the outstanding young scientist in government.

Dr. Herzfeld was born in Vienna, June 29, 1925. He came to the United States in 1942 and became a naturalized citizen in 1949. He is married and has three sons.

DR. PETER A. FRANKEN

Dr. Peter A. Franken was appointed Deputy Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency in January 1967.

Serving in both academic and research positions at the University of Michigan since 1956, Dr. Franken was a member of a research group which made some of the original laser studies and experiments leading toward the possible development of laser as an instrument of communications, in 1961. He has continued his contacts with an interest in this type research since that time. Prior to his position with the University of Michigan, Dr. Franken served on the faculty of Stanford University.

Dr. Franken attended St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, in 1944-45. He received his B.A. in 1948; his M.A. in 1950, and his Ph. D. in physics from Columbia University in 1952.

Dr. Franken received the 1967 American Physical Society Award for his "important and original contributions in the field of spectroscopy, particularly to harmonic generation and rectification, level cross-over spectroscopy and optical pumping."

He has served as a member of the group on Optical Masers of the Advisory Group on Electron Devices for the Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering and is a member of the Review Committee for the Physics Division of the Argonne National Laboratory.

Dr. Franken was born in New York City in 1928. He is married to the former Donna Barbeau of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and they have three daughters.

MR. RUSSELL W. BEARD

Mr. Russell W. Beard was appointed Director, Program Management, ARPA, in March 1966 to succeed Mr. D. K. Hess who transferred to the Office of Economic Opportunity. Mr. Beard joined ARPA shortly after its establishment in 1958 by transfer from the Navy's Special Projects Office where he was the Principal Analyst in the Polaris Program.

Mr. Beard is a career government employee having served 24 years in the Federal Civil Service. He has held various management positions in Department of Commerce, Veterans Administration, Air Force, and Navy. In addition, Mr. Beard served as an officer in the Army Air Force in World War II from 1943 to 1946.

Since joining the ARPA staff, Mr. Beard has established effective management controls to appropriate for the unique nature of the ARPA structure and operation. These controls have permitted the proper degree of over-all management direction by the Agency and have provided effective relationships with the many agencies with which ARPA conducts its business.

Mr. Beard was educated in Texas at McMurry College and at Sul Ross State College where he received a B.S. degree. He has taken advanced courses at Harvard Business School and George Washington University.

Mr. Beard was born in Karnes City, Texas, in 1919, and is married to the former Jeanne Crawford, also of Texas. They have five daughters.

Mr. SIKES. Are you ready to proceed?

Dr. HERZFELD. I am, indeed. I would like to read selected portions of my statement and, with your permission, have the remainder introduced into the record, and then open myself to discussion. Mr. SIKES. Very well. You may proceed.

GENERAL STATEMENT OF DIRECTOR, ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY

Dr. HERZFELD. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I appreciate this opportunity to describe for the committee the Advanced Research Projects Agency's programs of research and exploratory development. ARPA was established in 1958 by the Secretary of Defense as a research agency operating within the Office of the Secretary of Defense, in response to the urgent need for centralized management of selected high-priority military research projects.

Projects are assigned to ARPA by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering. ARPA conceives, initiates, and directs research and development programs to attain the objectives of these project assignments. This Agency operates as a small team for research planning and management, maintaining cognizance over its programs by means of technical direction, management surveillance and budgetary control. In many cases, work is carried on in close cooperation with the services, and when the particular development warrants, it is turned over to the services for further exploitation.

At present, ARPA's project assignments consist of ballistic missile defense, nuclear test detection, remote area conflict, advanced sensors, materials sciences, information processing techniques, behavioral sciences, and technical studies. The funding requirements for ARPA's projects in fiscal years 1968 is $254 million. This total is reflected below. The NOA (new obligational authority) which is requested for ARPA in fiscal year 1968 is $241 million. ARPA will review its programs carefully in an effort to recover the $13 million to finance the difference between the total program and the new obligational authority.

BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE

Project Defender is that branch of ARPA charged with the responsibility for research and exploratory development to provide the basis for the ballistic missile defense of the future. Because defense and offense are opposite sides of the same problem, Project Defender's mission and activities also contribute in an important way to the development and improvement of our strategic offensive weapons. Thus, Project Defender fulfills its function as a source of new ideas and technological advances which assists the services in both their assured destruction and damage-limiting roles.

To achieve the objectives of the Defender program, we carry out field and laboratory measurement programs, as well as various technology development programs.

MISSILE PHENOMENOLOGY

As in previous years, the largest single part of Project Defender is devoted to missile phenomenology, which comprises about 40 percent of the overall effort. Its major objectives are: (1) to obtain discrimination criteria through field observations of reentry vehicles and decoys during midcourse and reentry flight, and (2) to provide the field data essential to the development of effective penetration aids by the services. During the past 2 years, the Tradex radar on Roi Namur has made observations and obtained data for different

types of reentry vehicles and decoys.

I show this chart to show the great variety of objects which have been looked at.

It is perfectly clear now that it is out of these observations that we get most of our knowledge about the question of what these objects would look like to an enemy defense.

This is a very good example of the payoff which defensive research has produced for our offense.

At Project Press, data on a number of reentry objects in free space have been obtained. Further work on all observables will continue this year in the Press, as well as the Sparta programs.

Sparta-special antimissile radar tests in Australia-is a program of - - reentry vehicle tests being conducted at the Woomera Missile Range, Australia, jointly by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The United States supplies boosters, the reentry vehicles, the basic launch team, and overall program management. Australia, with partial United Kingdom financial support, provides range services, operates all instrumentation, and reduces the data.

Mr. Chairman, this tripartite program is a follow-on of an earlier tripartite program which we have told you about, about 5 years ago. I think it is an extremely useful program and it is very useful to have it as a tripartite program. It brings into play considerable technical skills in the United Kingdom and Australia, and thus provides a costsharing and, in addition, makes use of Woomera, which is a good facility of the free world, one of the few really good inland missile ranges, second only to White Sands in the free world.

We believe it makes a useful contribution to the relations with Australia. I think there is no question that this program has helped