That he had previously buried the greater part | peus Xerxes divided his forces, or, rather, deof his own dead seems natural enough, and tached a small body round the foot of Parnassuch an artifice, so slightly differing from the sus to Delphi, with orders to strip the temple universal practice of both ancient and modern of its treasures and lay them at his feet. He belligerents, scarcely deserved the name of a had learned their value from the best authority stratagem. He is said also to have mutilated at Sardis. The great army turned off towards the body of Leonidas; and as this was one of the lower vale of the Cephisus, to pursue its the foremost he found on a field which had cost march through Boeotia to Athens. him so dear, we are not at liberty to reject the The Delphians had been warned of their dan tradition because such ferocity was not consist-ger, and had taken precautions for their own ent with the respect usually paid by the Per-safety; they had shipped their families across sians to a gallant enemy.* At Thermopyla the sea to Achaia, and they themselves retired Xerxes learned a lesson which he had refused either to Amphissa or to the summits of Parto receive from the warnings of Demaratus; nassus, where they housed in the Corycian and he inquired, with altered spirit, whether he cave; but they had first consulted the oracle had to expect many such obstacles in the con- about securing the sacred treasures, and asked quest of Greece. The Spartan told him that whether they should bury or remove them. there were eight thousand of his countrymen The god bade them not to touch his treasures: who would all be ready to do what Leonidas he was able to guard his own." Relying on had done, and that at the Isthmus he would this assurance, sixty Delphians remained in the meet with a resistance more powerful and ob- sacred enclosure with the prophet, to await the stinate than at Thermopylæ. But if, instead invaders. The Persians advanced, still burnof attacking Peloponnesus on this side, where ing and wasting all they found on their way, he would find its whole force collected to with-along the road called the Sacred, from the peristand him, he sent a detachment of his fleet to odical processions by which it was hallowed, seize the island of Cythera and to infest the which follows the course of the Pleistus through coast of Laconia, the confederacy would be dis- the glen that separates Parnassus from Mount tracted, and its members, deprived of their Cirphis, and then turns off northward towards head, and perhaps disunited, would successive- the steep of Delphi. ly yield to his arms. The plan, whether Demaratus or Herodotus was the author, found no supporters in the Persian council.

What consultations had been really held by the natural guardians of the oracle, what preparations may have inspired them with confiHe had now the key of Northern Greece in dence in the midst of their seeming helplesshis hands, and it only remained to determine ness, what arts or engines they possessed or towards which side he should first turn his devised to meet this extraordinary danger, arms. The Thessalians, who, ever since his what misgivings and forebodings might spring arrival in their country, had been zealous in his up in the breasts of the barbarians, when, at service, now resolved to make use of their in- the opening of the defile, they saw the city rifluence, and to direct the course of the storm sing like a theatre before them, crowned with to their own advantage. These Thessalians, the house of the god, the common sanctuary of who are mentioned on this occasion by Herod-the western world, and at its back the preciotus without any more precise description, pices of Parnassus, crag above crag, which were probably the same nobles who, against had witnessed the destruction of so many conthe wishes of their nation, had invited and for- temners of the majesty of Apollo: how the warded the invasion. They had now an oppor- stillness of the deserted streets, as they aptunity of gratifying either their cupidity or their proached the mark of their sacrilegious enterrevenge, and they sent to the Phocians to de- prise, may have shaken their hearts, and put mand a bribe of fifty talents, as the price at their minds on the stretch of dreadful expectawhich they would consent to avert the destruc- tions; what forms, conjured up at the critical tion which was impending over Phocis. The moment, may have met their eye; what sounds, Phocians, however, either did not trust their like the voice of angry deities, may have pierfaith, or would not buy their safety of a hated ced their ear; what instruments of death, rival. The Thessalians then persuaded Xerxes wielded by invisible hands, may have struck to cross that part of the Etæan chain which the boldest, and have justified the more timid separates the vale of the Sperchius from the in yielding to their fears; and whether any little valley of Doris. The Dorians were spared, timely uproar of the elements lent new force as friends. Those of the Phocians who had the to the panic-these are questions which history means of escaping took refuge on the high plains cannot answer. It must be left to the reader's that lie under the topmost peaks of Parnassus, imagination to determine how the tradition or at Amphissa; but on all that remained in which became current after the event may be their homes, on the fields, the cities, the tem- best reconciled with truth or probability. While ples of the devoted land, the fury of the inva the Persians were advancing, the prophet Aceder, directed and stimulated by the malice of ratus, it is said, saw the sacred arms which the Thessalians, poured undistinguishing ruin. were kept within the sanctuary, and which no Fire and sword, the cruelty and the lust of irri-human hand might touch, lying without: he tated spoilers, ravaged the vale of the Cephisus down to the borders of Baotia. The rich sanctuary of Apollo at Abe was sacked and burned, and fourteen towns shared its fate. At Pano

announced the prodigy to the Delphians who had remained with him. The barbarians had reached a temple dedicated to Athené of the Vestibule, when, in the midst of thunder and lightning, two huge rocks, broken off from the a Persian usage. Compare Plut., Artax., 13, and Strabo, crags that overhung the road, fell among them

To cut off the head and right arm of slain rebels was xvi., p. 733.

and crushed many. At the same time a war

cry was heard from within the temple of Athené. They were struck with terror, and the Delphians, seeing them turn their backs, rushed down upon them, and pursued them with unresisted slaughter; they fled without stopping till they had passed the borders of Boeotia. The survivers related that, among other dreadful sights, they had seen two gigantic warriors foremost in the pursuit, dealing death among the hindmost. These the Delphians knew to be two of their native heroes, Phylacus and Autonous, and they consecrated to each of them a portion of ground near the place where they first appeared. The fallen rocks were seen by Herodotus within the precincts of the temple of Athené. Thus Delphi was delivered, and the power of Apollo gloriously proved.

such as the first answer had bidden them to seek; and that the oracle, while it appeared to predict the disaster which Salamis was to witness, had, in truth, only warned them against making its shores the scene of a fatal conflict with an irresistible enemy. The existence of Athens hung on the issue of these deliberations. The people, in their uncertainty, looked to Themistocles for advice.

It cannot be reasonably doubted that he had himself prepared the crisis which he now stepped forward to decide. The story of the em

hour of danger, seemed best explained by the fleet, which, since it had been increased according to the advice of Themistocles, might well be deemed the surest bulwark of Athens. The young men, who had begun to look to the sea as their proper field of action and enterprise, embraced this interpretation; but the elder citizens thought it incredible that the goddess should abandon her ancient citadel, and resign her charge to the rival deity, with whom she had anciently contended for the possession of Attica. To them it seemed clear that the oracle must have spoken of the hedge of thorns which once fenced in the rock of Pallas, and that this, if repaired and strengthened with the same materials, would be made an impregnable barrier against all assaults. Even those who When the Grecian fleet finally quitted its sta- held the ships to be the wooden wall were dition at Artemisium, the Athenians expected vided in opinion as to the use which was to be that, on reaching the Euripus, they should hear made of them. Some thought that they were of a Peloponnesian army encamped in Boeotia to be the instruments of deliverance only by for the protection of Attica. Finding, howev-transporting the people to some remote land, er, that no friendly force had arrived to guard their frontier, and learning that the Peloponnesians had no intention of venturing beyond the Isthmus, but meant to fortify it with a wall, and to reserve all their efforts for the defence of the peninsula, they begged their allies to sail on with them to Salamis, that they might provide for the safety of their wives and children, and decide on the course to be adopted with regard to the approaching invasion. While the storm was yet hanging over Greece, Athens had sent to Delphi for advice. Her messengers, on being admitted into the sanctuary, heard the prophet-bassy to Delphi is so transparent, that it is ess in no obscure strains announce the ruin that scarcely possible to mistake the real springs of was impending over their city. "Fly," she the transaction. Themistocles could not have said, "to the uttermost ends of the earth, for, found greater difficulty in gaining the co-operafrom the crown to the sole, no part of Athens tion of Timon in a pious fraud than Cleomenes can escape the fire and sword of the barbarian. in procuring that of Cobon for his base and maIt will perish, and not alone: elsewhere, too, lignant ends. His keen eye had probably caught the temples of the gods are already bathed in a prophetic glimpse of the events that were to sweat and blood, signs of foreseen destruction. hallow the shores of Salamis; and he now reBegone, and expect your doom." While the minded his hearers that a Grecian oracle would messengers, overwhelmed with grief and dis- not have called the island the divine if it was to may, were revolving this dreadful answer in be afflicted with the triumph of the barbarians, their minds, they were cheered by one of the and was not, rather, to be the scene of their deleading men of Delphi, named Timon, who en-struction. He therefore exhorted them, if all couraged them once more to approach the god with the ensigns of suppliants, if, perchance, they might move his compassion to a milder decree. They returned and spread their olive branches before the shrine, declaring that they would not quit the sanctuary till they had obtained a more favourable answer. It was given, but in darker and more ambiguous words: "Pallas had earnestly struggled, but could not propitiate her sire to spare her beloved city. It, and the whole land, were irrevocably doomed to ruin. Yet had Jove granted to the prayer of his daughter, that, when all besides was lost, a wooden wall should still shelter her citizens. Let them not wait to be trampled down by the horse and foot of the invader, but turn their backs: they might again look him in the face. In seedtime or in harvest, thou, divine Salamis, shalt make women childless."

other safeguards should fail them, to commit their safety and their hopes of victory to their newly-strengthened navy. This counsel had prevailed.

The time had now come when this resolution was to be carried into effect. The Persian army was in full march for Athens; after the desolation of Phocis, it had passed peaceably through Boeotia, where all the cities except Thespia and Platea had testified their submissive spirit by receiving Macedonian garrisons. Thespia and Platea were reduced to ashes. Athens might expect soon to share their fate; yet it was not without a hard struggle that the people consented to the decree which Themistocles moved, directing that the city should be abandoned to the charge of its tutelary goddess, and that the men, after placing their wives and children, and the aged and infirm in security, The verses in which these mysterious threats should betake themselves to their ships. Acand promises were delivered were carefully re-cording to Aristotle,* the council of the Areopacorded and carried to Athens; their import gave gus found it necessary, in order to man the occasion to various conjectures. The wooden wall, which was to afford the only refuge in the

Plut., Them., 10.

position in which it would be most advisable to await the enemy's approach. Almost all voices concurred in the opinion that they ought to leave Salamis, and take up a station nearer the Isthmus. "Peloponnesus alone remained to be defended. If they lost the battle, they would be blocked up in Salamis, unable to escape or to protect their cities; if they fought near the Isthmus, should the worst happen, they might

fleet, to advance eight drachmas, a sum equiv- | alent to the ordinary pay for twenty-four days, to every man who served. The Plateans, who had fought on board the Athenian ships at Artemisium, had landed in Bœotia on their passage through the Euripus to provide for the safety of their families, and were prevented from rejoining the fleet. There was a story that, when all were ready to embark, the head of the Gorgon which ornamented the breast-join the army on shore, and renew the contest plate of Pallas disappeared from her statue, and in defence of their homes." The interest of the that Themistocles, in searching for it, had dis- Athenians, indeed, was evidently opposed to covered a sacred treasure, which enabled the this course; they could not reckon on such an Areopagus to exercise its prudent liberality. alternative; for they had ventured their all upon It must be supposed that nothing was left for the sea, and defeat would to them be irreparathe Persians which could be concealed or car- ble ruin. But though their naval force was ried away. Some sign was still wanting to nearly equal to that of all their allies, they had convince the wavering that the moment had only one vote in the debate. It was still undeindeed arrived when the city could no longer cided, when news came that the Persians had hope to be defended by any arm, human or di- overrun Attica, and that the citadel was either vine; and now the priestess of Athene an- already in their hands, or must speedily fall, nounced that the sacred snake, which was re- and before long, the flames rising from the garded as the invisible guardian of the rock, Rock published far and wide that the oracle and was propitiated by a honey-cake laid out was completely fulfilled, and that every foot of for it every month in the temple, had quitted its Attic ground was in the power of the barbariabode in the sanctuary: the monthly offering ans. Xerxes had pursued his march without lay untasted. This portent removed all doubts, resistance, spreading desolation as he advanced except in the minds of a few of the poorest cit- over the plains of Attica till he arrived at the izens, who, partly because they wanted the foot of the Cecropian Hill. He found it guardmeans of shifting their habitation, and partly ed by the little remnant who had been kept because they still clung to the hope of some there almost as much by helplessness and dewonderful deliverance which the oracle seemed spair as by their forlorn and treacherous hope. to countenance, resolved to remain in the cit- They had raised a wooden wall round the brow adel with the keepers of the temple. The rest of the rock, filling up, with a palisade of doors transported their families and their movable and planks, the breaches that had been made property, some to Salamis, some to Ægina, some by the lapse of ages in the old Pelasgian fortifito Trazen, where the exiles were received cation. Still their courage was not cast down, with all the kindness that it became the birth- even when they saw the mighty host that surplace of Theseus to show to his people in their rounded them, and cut off all possibility of relief. distress. A decree was passed ordering that They would not listen to the proposal of the Pisthey should be maintained and the children in- istratids, who urged them to save their lives by structed at the public expense; and even the a timely surrender. The assailants who atvineyards and orchards of the Trazenians were tempted to mount by the gentler declivities of thrown open to their unrestrained enjoyment. the rock were crushed by heavy stones rolled The fleet assembled at Salamis was re-enforced down upon them from above. The hill of the by a squadron, composed partly of additional Areopagus is separated from the western end ships furnished by the same states which had of the Rock by a narrow hollow. From this contributed their succours at Artemisium, and height the besiegers discharged their arrows, partly of a small number sent from other quar-tipped with lighted tow, against the opposite ters; among these were four from Naxos, which had been intended by the Naxians for the service of the barbarians; but Democritus, who commanded one of them, and was a man of great influence in his island, persuaded his countrymen to neglect the orders they had received at home, and to join the Greeks. The most remote cities of the Greek continent that took a part in the national cause were the Corinthian colonies of Leucas and Ambracia. To the west of the Adriatic, Croton alone showed itself touched by the danger of Greece: it sent one ship; though perhaps this merit belonged to the commander Phäyllus, who had obtained three victories at the Pythian games, and probably equipped his ship at his own expense. The whole armament thus strengthened, with the addition of two deserters, amounted to 380 ships.*

Eurybiades still held the chief command. He had called a council of war to deliberate on the

* See Appendix IV.

paling. The wooden wall was often in flames; no friendly deity held an ægis before it. Still the spirit of the little garrison did not sink, though toil, and watching, and wounds, and hunger had brought them to the verge of death. Xerxes and all his host were baffled and perplexed.

At length, after all attempts had failed on the side which seemed most open to attack, the fortress was surprised, as often happens, on that which had been deemed impregnable. Towards the north the Cecropian Hill terminates in the precipices anciently called the Long Rocks, where the daughters of Cecrops were said to have thrown themselves down in the madness which followed the indulgence of their profane curiosity. The Persian army contained numbers of mountaineers, who could climb wherever it was possible for man to set foot. While the besieged were busied in repelling the attacks of the enemy at the western wall, a few of the barbarians scaled the northern rocks, made their way into the citadel, and immedi

ately proceeded to open the gates. Some of tion. Themistocles hastened to Eurybiades, the garrison, seeing that all was lost, threw explained to him the real ground there was for themselves over the precipice; others took ref apprehension, and earnestly entreated him to go uge in the sanctuary of the goddess. But the on shore again, and call another council. In Persians pursued them to their last retreat, and this, before the subject of deliberation had been put every one to the sword. Then they plun- formally proposed, he endeavoured to bring the dered the temples, and gave the whole citadel assembly over to his views. His principal adto the flames. Xerxes immediately despatched versary was the Corinthian admiral, Adeimana messenger to Susa to carry the tidings of this tus, who probably thought he had the strongest success, one of the principal objects of his ex- reason to fear for the safety of his own city if pedition, to Artabanus, whom he had sent back the fleet continued at Salamis. He is said to from Abydos, to be regent during his absence. have rebuked the premature importunity of TheThe next day, after his exultation or his anger mistocles by reminding him that, in the public had subsided, and some scruples, perhaps, began games, those who started before the signal was to disquiet his mind, he called together the given were corrected with the scourge. "But Athenian exiles who were in his train, and bade those who lag behind," was the Athenian's anthem go up to the Rock and sacrifice after their swer, "do not win the crown." In the debate rites. They brought back the report of a happy that ensued, Themistocles could not insist on omen for Athens. The sacred olive-the earli- the grounds he had urged in his interview with est gift of Pallas, by which, in her contest with Eurybiades without offending those whom he Poseidon, she had proved her claim to the land, wished to persuade. He dissembled his suspiand which grew in the temple of her foster-child cions of their constancy, and confined himself Erechtheus, by the side of the salt pool that had to pointing out the advantages of the position gushed up under the trident of her rival-had they then occupied: "In the Straits of Salamis been consumed with the sacred building. Those you will be fighting, as at the Isthmus, in dewho came to worship in the wasted sanctuary fence of Peloponnesus; but fighting in a situarelated that a shoot had already sprung to the tion the most favourable to yourselves, and with height of a cubit from the burned stump. a reasonable prospect of victory; fighting, also, with Salamis, and Ægina, and Megara behind you, and untouched; while, if you withdraw to the Isthmus, you both abandon them to the barbarians, and fling away your best chance of success." Adeimantus still vehemently opposed his proposition, and is said even to have thrown out an ungenerous taunt against Themistocles and Athens: "a man who had no country was not entitled to a vote." Themistocles sternly repelled the insult, and then, turning to Eurybiades, declared that the Athenians were resolved, if their allies persisted in their design, not to fall a useless sacrifice, but to take their families and fortunes on board, and sail away to the rich land of Siris, in the south of Italy, where a colony of Ionians had already founded a flourishing city. This threat determined Eurybiades, or, if he had been before convinced, furnished him with a decent plea for changing his plan. His authority or influence decided the resolution of the council.

When intelligence of these events was brought to the Greeks at Salamis, the greater number were struck with such consternation, that some of the commanders are said to have left the council, and to have made preparations for immediate retreat; those who remained came to the resolution of retiring from Salamis, and giving battle near the shore of the Isthmus. It was night before the council broke up. Themistocles, on his return to his ship, related the result of the conference to his friend Mnesiphilus, a man of congenial character, a little more advanced in years, who was commonly believed to have had a great share in forming the mind of Themistocles. Mnesiphilus is described as a sample of the elder school of Athenian statesmen, such as flourished from the time of Solon to that of Pericles; a man of vigorous practical understanding, which he applied wholly to public business, taking no interest in the philosophical speculations which were beginning to engage the attention of many active minds, and disdaining or ignorant of any rhetorical arts beyond what sufficed for expressing plain sense in clear words. When he heard of the determination which had been adopted, he pointed out the fatal consequences that would inevitably result from it; the certainty that, when the Peloponnesians found themselves on their own shore, it would be impossible to keep them together, and that the public cause would be sacrificed to the timid prudence of the several cities, or of individuals intent on their particular safety. He exhorted Themistocles to make a strenuous effort, while there was yet time, to avert this calamity. Plutarch is angry with Herodotus for giving the credit of this counsel to Maesiphilus. If, indeed, it was through his suggestion that Themistocles first perceived the danger, he, instead of Themistocles, would have deserved the praise of having saved Greece by his foresight. But, assuredly, the two friends did nothing more than interchange their thoughts and mutually strengthen their former convicVOL. I.-LL

Six days after the Greeks had left Artemisium the Persian fleet arrived in the Attic bay of Phalerum. In passing through the channel of Euboea, it is said that the Persian admiral, see ing himself locked in by the land, which seemed to close the Euripus, suspected that his pilot, a Boeotian named Salganeus, had purposely drawn him into a snare, and hastily put him to death; and that the town of Salganeus took its name from the tomb with which the Persian, when he had discovered his error, endeavoured to repair it. But the anecdote implies an ignorance which can scarcely be reconciled with the plan of circumnavigating Euboea. Xerxes went on board one of the ships with Mardonius, and summoned the chief commanders of the fleet into his presence, to deliberate on the expediency of seeking an immediate engagement. Among a number of vassal princes who conducted their squadrons in person, was a woman, Artemisia, queen of Caria. She alone, accord

ing to Herodotus perceived the rashness of hast- Persian admiral. "Themistocles, the general ening a contest by which everything might be lost of the Athenians," so the message ran, wishes and nothing would be gained but what might well to the king, and desires to see his cause reasonably be looked for without one, if time prevail. Therefore he has sent, without the were allowed for the disunion and dispersion of knowledge of the Greeks, to say that they are the Greeks, which would inevitably take place panic-struck, and bent on flight. If you prevent when the want of provisions should have driven their escape, you ensure a complete and easy them from Salamis to the Isthmus. Artemisia, victory. Already divided among themselves, if these were her views, thought like Mnesiph- they will no sooner see themselves pent in by ilus; but there was no Themistocles in the your ships than they will begin to turn their Persian council. The king resolved on attack- arms against one another." Tidings so probaing the enemy without delay. He attributed ble, and so accordant with their wishes, found the checks his fleet had met with at Artemisium easy credence with the Persian commanders, to the remissness of servants acting at a dis- and they hastened to follow the friendly advice. tance from the eye of their master. In the ap- About midnight they silently moved from Phaproaching conflict his presence would stimulate lerum to block up the entrance of each of the the brave and overawe the timid. That same narrow channels by which Salamis is separated, day he ordered the fleet to sail up towards on the east from Attica, on the west from the Salamis, and to form in line of battle; but the territory of Megara. One line stretched from hour was so late that there was only time to Cynosura, the eastern promontory of the island, perform the evolution without advancing into to the Attic port of Munychium; another from the straits. It was resolved, however, that the Ceos, probably the western cape of Salamis, battle should take place on the morrow. round the mouth of the other strait. A body of Persians was also posted in a little island named Psyttaleia, situate between Cynosura and the Attic coast, to protect their friends who might suffer in the battle, and to do all the mischief they could to the enemies who might be

The sight of the Persian armada, drawn up in order and ready for action, revived all the alarm which Themistocles had just been labouring to counteract. The danger of being defeated and blocked up in Salamis again rushed upon the minds of the Peloponnesians, and overpow-driven on the shore. ered all other thoughts. It seemed to them These movements were so promptly executed madness in Eurybiades to remain in a position that the island was completely enclosed while where nothing but an almost miraculous victory the debate was still continuing in the council of could enable them to act in concert with the the Greeks. Themistocles had returned, and army at the Isthmus; for now the whole probably had done all that he could to prolong force of the Peloponnesian confederates was the discussion. At length he was called out of assembled there under the command of Cleom- the room to speak with a stranger at the door brotus, brother of Leonidas. They, too, hoped It was Aristides. This was the third year of little from the fleet, and believed that it rested his exile, and the sentence which banished him with them alone to bar the progress of the in- appears to have been still in force. Plutarch, vaders. They had come together in haste after indeed, relates that it had been repealed by a the tidings from Thermopyla, and had made formal decree, proposed by Themistocles himsuch preparations for defence as the shortness self, when Xerxes was on his march. But this of the time permitted. The road along the sea- statement is not confirmed by Herodotus, and side over the Scironian rocks had been broken can scarcely be reconciled with his narrative. up, and they had raised a rude wall across the If Aristides had been legally restored to his Isthmus, of materials indiscriminately collected country, he would have been present on this and hastily put together: stone, and brick, and occasion at Salamis. We can more readily bewood, and sand, with which the whole army lieve Plutarch when he says that the exile had had laboured night and day till the work was been actively employed in arming the Greeks completed. The murmurs of the Peloponnesi- for the national cause. He now came over from ans in the fleet grew louder every moment: a Egina, perhaps to offer his services to his meeting was called, in which the voices of the countrymen in the approaching conflict. With Athenians, the Eginetans, and the Megarians difficulty he made his way, under cover of the were drowned by the rest, who exclaimed night, through the Persian fleet. "Themisagainst the folly of staying before a country tocles," he said, "let us still be rivals; but let which was already in the enemy's power. our strife be, which can best serve our country. Themistocles, seeing that arguments and re- I come to say that you are wasting words in monstrances were thrown away upon men debating whether you shall sail away from who were blinded by their fears, turned his Salamis, We are encircled, and can only thoughts to a different method of gaining his escape by cutting a passage through the enepoint. He resolved to save Athens in spite of my's fleet." Themistocles made no secret of her allies, and her allies in spite of themselves. his artifice, and introduced Aristides into the The resolution was formed, the means con- council-room to report its success. While the trived, the plan carried into effect, with the assembly was engaged in a fresh dispute on this rapidity which the juncture demanded, and of unwelcome intelligence, which the greater part which he alone was capable. While the com- refused to believe, it was confirmed by a Tenian manders were still bandying passionate words, ship, which came over from the enemy, and he withdrew from the council unobserved, call-placed the truth beyond doubt. Nothing now ed to him a slave named Sicinnus, who had the remained but to brace every nerve for the batcharge of his children, had been brought from tle, which the return of day would inevitably the East, and spoke the Persian language. This bring on. man he instantly sent with a message to the

When morning came, the Persian fleet was