together with approximately 600 feet of fencing connecting the two gates, and furnishing and installing of five electric ice boxes.

Kamehameha Highway.-A contract awarded for the sum of $290,359.38 for the construction of the section of Kamehameha Highway known as Federal aid project No. 1-B, Waiahole to Kualoa, was completed. A contract for the sum of $64,615.93 for the construction of the Twin Bridges at Waialua, known as Federal aid project No. 7-A, was completed.

John Rogers Airport.-Contracts were completed covering construction of a coral road 20 feet wide from the end of the plantation road to the proposed hangar site, a distance of 2,000 feet, and for clearing the field of trees, stumps, etc. A contract was awarded for the sum of $5,850 for clearing and grading a strip 50 feet wide and 820 feet long from the hangar site to the take-off field; also a triangular addition to the field 1,000 feet long by 100 feet wide at the makai end; the construction of a temporary toilet building and the finishing and erecting of a wind vane. This work will be finished within a short time.

Addition to Library of Hawaii.-The construction of this addition involves the sum of $265,505.

New powder magazines, Sand Island.-A contract was awarded for the sum of $10,989, for the construction of two reinforced concrete powder magazines of the Igloo type on Sand Island, Honolulu Harbor. These magazines are of the most modern construction and a type adopted by the United States Government for similar use.

Waimea Bridge and approaches.-A contract was awarded for the sum of $279,689.92 for constructing a new bridge at Waimea, Oahu, and the approaches to same. The bridge is of reinforced concrete throughout and the road is of asphalt-macadam construction. This work is about 10 per cent completed.

Koko Head-Makapuu Road.-The contract for the construction of the Koko Head-Makapuu Road for the sum of $107,220 is making good progress and should be completed some time this year.

Federal road aid.-The 7 per cent system of highways for the Territory of Hawaii, as provided in the Federal road aid act, has been laid out by the Territorial highway department and has been submitted and approved by the Secretary of Agriculture and the Bureau of Public Roads at Washington. The following projects have been approved and the work finished or under contract:

No. 1-A Kamehameha Highway (finished).

No. 1-B Kamehameha Highway (finished)

No. 2-A Volcano Road (finished).

$204, 669. 33

60, 383. 43

97, 440. 00

No. 2-B Volcano Road (finished).

98, 010. 00

No. 3-A Waimea Bridge and approaches (under contract)

112, 199. 82

No. 4-A Waianae Road (finished).

176, 460. 45

No. 5-A Kula Road (finished).

70, 440. 00

No. 6-A Koko Head-Makapuu (under contract)

25, 227.00

No. 7-A Waialua Twin Bridges (finished) ..

32, 274. 20

Total.

877,.104. 23

ISLAND OF HAWAII

The Kohala Library, a 1-story building of frame construction with a shingle roof, was completed for the sum of $9,452.

An addition to the Hilo Library, costing $22,635, has been completed.

ISLAND OF MAUI

Contracts for the two units of the Paia-Haiku Road for the sums of $77,220.75 and $16,361.89 were completed.

Other work completed was for a new Maui County Free Library building erected at a cost of $65,782; the Lahaina Armory repairs costing $2,000; the Wailuku Armory repairs and alterations, $1,550.

Plans and specifications have been prepared and approved, with a few minor changes, and a project agreement entered into through the bureau of public roads with the United States Department of Agriculture for Federal aid on the road to the summit of Haleakala, amounting to $241,000. It is hoped to call for bids on or about November 1, 1929.

ISLAND OF KAUAI

A contract for the sum of $162,000 for the construction of the second unit of the Waimea Canyon Road is still incomplete.

BOARD OF HARBOR COMMISSIONERS

The board of harbor commissioners report that the total revenue for the fiscal year 1929 was $510,623.88, an increase of $37,201.56 over the previous year. The principal items of increase were Government plant and equipment (including pipe lines, rents, storage, etc.) and services (pilot, wharfage, etc.).

The total number of vessels arriving at all Territorial ports from overseas was 1,321 with a gross tonnage of 10,142,247 as against 1,267 vessels in 1928 with a gross tonnage of 9,708,060. This shows an increase of 54 vessels and 434,187 tons.

The expenditures from general funds for the year were $183,967.94 and from loan funds $542,024.92, making a total of $725,992.86.

Island of Oahu.-The construction of Unit No. 2, Pier 1, Kapalama Basin was completed during this period at a total cost of $225,785.36. Parking areas and roadways, Queen Street and Fort Street, were completed during this period. The filling in the rear of Pier 1, Kapalama has been completed. A contract was awarded for dredging in front of the new sea wall at Kewalo Basin. The contract price is $10,275 and the project is uncompleted. A contract was awarded for the sum of $46,623.56 for enlarging the turning basin in Kewalo Basin by dredging. The contract also provides that the dredged material is to be pumped onto the makai insanitary McKinley High School lands. This work is well under way.

The work of building a beach at Waikiki has progressed. A high water mark was surveyed and established by the Territorial survey department. One temporary wooden groin was constructed at the mouth of the Waikiki Drainage Canal on the Waikiki side, and a survey was made to locate pockets of sand out in the ocean from which sand could be pumped onto the beach if deemed advisable. A project of this kind being more or less of an experiment, a great deal of study is required, especially as to the construction of the groins. A groin to be constructed of hollow, tongue-and-groove concrete blocks, varying in size to fit the location and depths of water in which they are to be used has been designed. Being constructed of concrete, it will not be attacked by the toredo, and when once set, if it is later found that the direction of the groin is wrong or is not in the right place, it

could be removed and reset in another location or in another direction, and the only loss will be the labor for performing the work. A total of $6,612.03 has been expended on the project.

Island of Maui.-The contract for the extension of Pier 2, Kahului, was completed at a total cost of $151,393.26. For extending the substructure of Pier 1, Kahului, a contract was awarded in the sum of $294,314.49. The plans call for a reinforced concrete structure throughout, similar in construction and width as the present Pier 1, 429 feet long, with provisions made for a future shed, conveyors, etc. This work has been completed.

Island of Hawaii.-The extension to the sugar conveyor system on Pier 1, Hilo, known as Unit No. 5, has been completed at a cost of $15,884.64. The retaining wall in the rear of Pier 1, Hilo, has been completed at a cost of $46,349.72.

Island of Kauai.-The work on the Nawiliwili retaining wall has now been completed at a cost of $299,018.95. The first unit of the Federal dredging is now practically completed, the dredged material amounting to approximately 900,000 cubic yards. This material was pumped in behind the Territorial retaining wall, making a very desirable area for harbor and terminal developments. Plans and specifications have been prepared for the construction of the first wharf terminal at Nawiliwili, to be known as Pier 1, which will be used primarily as an interisland terminal. Bids will be called for as soon as the Federal dredging contract adjacent to the wharf site has been completed.

Island of Molokai.-The widening of the rock approach of the Kaunakakai Wharf, from the shore to the wharf, was completed at a cost of $15,532.55.

A joint resolution, directing the board of harbor commissioners for the Territory of Hawaii to establish and enforce rate charges in proportion to expenses and bond requirements, was approved by the Governor of Hawaii on May 1, 1929. Complying with the terms of this resolution, the board of harbor commissioners proceeded to amend their rules and regulations. Many meetings have been held, a few of which were public hearings attended by merchants and steamship agents. The work of adjusting the rates is now well along, and it is hoped will be finished and a new schedule adopted and printed within the course of a few months.

The interisland vessels arriving and departing at Honolulu numbered 1,294 with a gross tonnage of 1,408,394 tons.

LIGHTHOUSES-NINETEENTH DISTRICT

Honolulu is the headquarters of the superintendent of lighthouses for the nineteenth district, operating under the Department of Commerce. This district includes the Hawaiian Islands, Midway Islands, Guam, and the American Samoan Islands. At the close of the year there were in commission 236 aids to navigation of all classes, including 1 hyperradiant light, 2 second-order, 1 third-order, 2 fourthorder, 3 lenslantern oil lights, 38 automatic acetylene lights; 16 automatic electric lights in lenses, 1 electric light without lens, 35 automatic acetylene lighted buoys, 1 primary radiobeacon, 118 unlighted aids including buoys and beacons, and 18 private aids, lighted and unlighted, under the supervision of the Lighthouse Service. The

steam lighthouse tender Kukui and the patrol boat Lehua are stationed in this district. The district operating base at Pier 4, Honolulu Harbor, buoy storage depot on Sand Island, and general supply depot and shops in rented quarters, Honolulu, are also maintained by this service.

During the fiscal year 1929, new lights were established on Nawiliwili Harbor Breakwater, Kauai, and at Cape Kumukahi, Hawaii Island; Kalae Light, Hawaii Island, was reconstructed and changed to electric power, increasing the intensity and elevation; Paukaa Point Light, Hawaii Island, was reconstructed and more powerful lighting equipment installed; more powerful lighting equipment was installed at Hanamanioa Light, Maui, and at Keahole Point Light, Hawaii Island; new gas buoys were established on Makaweli Reef Kauai, and on Whale Rock, Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa; a gas buoy was established at Kahului Harbor entrance, Maui, during breakwater construction; several unlighted buoys were established. All equipment was assembled for constructing two new lighthouses in Guam, at Ritidian Point, and Orote Peninsula, to be completed next fiscal year; also for a new light at East Pohakuloa, Lanai Island, to be established next fiscal year. Makapuu Point Light was changed from oil vapor to electric power, increasing its intensity to 150,000 candlepower.

Plans have been completed for new range lights at Kewalo Basin, Oahu; for reconstructing Hanapepe Light, Kauai; for reconstructing Nakalele Point Light, Maui; and for establishing a primary radiobeacon at Kilauea Point Light Station, Kauai. Plans are complete for entire rearrangement and reconstruction of aids to navigation in Pearl Harbor and Channels, to be accomplished as soon as dredging is completed. Construction of the new lighthouse pier, Honolulu Harbor, was completed this fiscal year, and plans completed for the new depot and shops at the same site, for which funds have been provided available July 1, 1929.

The following important projects await provision of funds in the national budget: Reconstruction and conversion of Nawiliwili Harbor Light, Kauai, to a high-power landfall; new lights on Lehua Rock and Kaula Rock; new range lights at Kahului, Maui; new towers at Barbers Point Light, Oahu, and at Kauhola Point Light, Hawaii Island; new landfall light and radiobeacon on Cape Kumukahi, Hawaii Island.

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

The school year 1928-29 has been one of steady growth and constructive progress for the public schools of the Territory of Hawaii. The enrollment has increased approximately 7 per cent from 66,434 in June, 1928, to 70,232 in June, 1929, and the teaching staff from 2,298 to 2,485.

During the past 10 years the teaching staff has increased almost 150 per cent. In 1918-19 there were less than 1,000 regular teachers, while in 1928-29 there were almost 2,500. Any such increase carries along with it a tremendous amount of business and administrative detail. In order that this multiplying routine may be quickly and efficiently handled, it is absolutely necessary to develop and standardize a uniform system, both in the office and in the field. This de

velopment of organization has been progressing satisfactorily for the past four years.

For two years the local supply of trained teachers has been sufficient to fill all elementary school vacancies. Last September for the first time, it was impossible to place all graduates of the Territorial normal and training school. This condition should logically lead to a higher standard for our graduates and the possibility of an increased period of training. Obviously, it has been unnecessary to bring in elementary teachers from the mainland except for special subjects in which there were no qualified applicants locally. For next September only five such teachers have been placed out of a total of 112 new elementary appointments.

In the high-school field the local supply is not yet quite sufficient. September, 1929, all university graduates from the department of education will be placed, and it will still be necessary to bring 43 new teachers from the mainland. It is likely that in 1930 the local supply will fill all available positions.

This situation is interesting from two angles. It is gratifying to know that we do not need to go out of our own Territory to find qualified teachers. On the other hand, the teaching profession, like any other, needs the "give and take" of ideas that come from without. It would be fine if every year fifty or a hundred teachers from Hawaii could go to the mainland for service, while an equal number could come here. Unfortunately, however, due to local conditions, it is unlikely that any large number of local-trained teachers will ever turn to the mainland for positions. There is then the danger of provincialism if in the future all teachers are to be trained in Hawaii.

Division of research. The purpose of the new division of research has been to increase teaching efficiency, but one of the first concrete problems to be attacked was the elimination of retardation. It was found that pupils were being standardized too strictly by grades instead of by ability. This division offered its services to all schools in helping to reclassify and regrade students on an ability and age basis. There has also been carried on a plan of adapting the curriculum and teaching methods to better fit the individual child.

The Kawananakoa Experimental School, formerly the Fort Street School in Honolulu, was designated by the department as an "experimental" school and set aside as the laboratory unit of the division of research. The functions of this school have been classified as follows: (a) Assist in curriculum construction; (b) carry on experimentation in materials and procedures; (c) serve as a demonstration center; (d) try out textbooks; and (e) serve as a training ground for principals. Very satisfactory progress has been made and the school has already been of considerable service.

The division of research, in cooperation with the normal school, has promoted a series of extension classes throughout the Territory to work upon the problem of the curriculum.

Division of vocational education.-A very serious problem facing the Territory at the present time is that of returning our island youth to local industries. Instead of constantly importing labor, our industries should be able to supply their own help locally. The responsibility for the solution of this problem rests jointly on the schools, industry (represented largely by the plantations), and the community (represented by parents and other social factors).