country, it is only as a branch of that conftitution which he thinks is better calculated to fecure the liberty of the people than any other exifting government. Indeed, to far from meriting the repseaches of your Correfpondent, if that gentleman will contult Dr. G's Elays, he will hind, that he is the avowed enemy of oppreffion, the decided friend of liberty, but of a liberty fanctioned by reafon and experience, and confident with focul order and the fatery of the fate, Yours, &c. W. H. ATCHIEVEMENT for his Grace the Duke of Mos MOUTH, 1663. CHARLES R.. WHEREAS wee have lately in chapter elected and choten our deare foune James duke of Monmouth to be fellow and companion of our most noble order of the Garter, and have appointed him to be installed at our next feall, to be held at our e-file of Windfor, the 22, 234, and 24th, of this inRant Aprill; to the end therefore that he may have his archievements prepared and placed over his fall, in fuch manner as is accustomed, our will and pleature is, and wee doe hereby will and command you, to prepare, order, mafhail, and felt up, his armes and atchievements over his fall, in the chappel of our cafle of Windfor, in fucli manner as is hereafter b.afoned and exprefied, viz His banner to be quarterly, the first quarter to be Ermine, on a pile, Guies, three lions of our royal arms of England, puffant gardant, Or, and for the second, in a field, Or, an inefcncheon of France, with a double treflure of Scotland, being counterfleury, Gules; and for his creaft, upon a chapeau, Gures, doubied, Ermine, a dragon paffant, Or, gorged with a crowne, haveing a chain, Guies. And that you farther caufe to be enameled upon the plate of his armes, to be affixed on the back of his ftall, the fuppor ters hereafter mentioned, viz. on the dexter fide of the clcucheon of his armes, within a garter, an unicorne, Argent, arted, maned, and unguled, Or, gorged with a crowne, Gules, having a chain of the fame affixed thereto; and on the hunder fide, an bait, Argent, atured and unguled, Or, gorged with a crowne, Guies, haveing a chain, alio Gules, affixed thereunto, The which arines, creaft, and tupporters, we have alligned and authorized our fand deare Doge to Weal and wis as is propti alms and inftitution .. rc ding a few lines upon you, as I have always oblerved that the Gentleman's Magazine is the willing vehicle of whatever can inform the underftanding, intereft the heart, or extend the actvity of benevo ence. The plan of an for the encouragement of god fervants," under the mot ApeЯable patronage, was fome time fince communicated to me. The idea appeared to me to be particularly excellent, as it evident y aimed at REFORM through the mott amiable, and probably molt fuccefstul, means, thote of kindnets and protection. I have always oblerved with much forrow how little attachment feems in general to fubft between heads of families and domeftics. The later are a body of people on all hands allowed to be indifpenfably nccefiary; and, either through the opulence or the wants of mankind, their numbers are daily incicating. The natural effect of donicitation is confidence,” and mutual intercourse ought to produce mutual regard. How happens it then toat matters too generally confider fervants as necny inconveniences, of whom fuincient - unto the day is the evil thereat?" and fervants, on the other hand, daily change their fituations without regret and without reluctance? I tear that fervants are in lined to couAder themiclves as the lives of ouer men's luxuries, that the labours of their heath and vigour are exched often without kadocis, and that, when ncknets or old age bring on meap.city, their former fervices are forgotten, and they are thrown ahde without protection. The prefent duties are therefore performed without a delite of an intered in pleating, and families have too much realon for thote compiatuts of ther domeftics, which a different tyI cannot tem would probably prevent. therefore but give my hearty concur rence, and readily contribute my alliftance, to a plan which is calculated to produce that attachment, that affectionate confidence of protection on one fide, and of fidelity on the other, which are neceflary to the harmony of family government. I fincerely hope that the public will view this inftitution in the fame light that I do, and that they will feel the neceffity of fupporting it in its infancy, that its promoters may not despond, and that its benefits may not be eventually loft. Let the public confider that, if this plan is fuffered to fail, fervants are neceffarily confirmed in their own gloomy view of their fituation, and in the carelefs or vicious difcharge of their duties. Let the public alfo confider, that, if this inftitution is largely patronized, confiderable fums of money must be occafionally vefled in the funds: thus will this very large body of the community, who at prefent have no property to fecure their reverence for the laws, feel that they have a fake in the property, and therefore an intereft in the welfare of their country. Yours, &c. S. H. THE arms of Canmer, in the life of hin in Archbishop Parker's Ecclefiaftical History, published by Dr. Drake, are three pecans vulning themtelves. Under h's portrait in Thoroton they are three cranes, and have not the chevron charged with three quar.efoils as in the other, and as described by Thoroton on the monument. Under his portrait prefixed to Strype's life of him they are reprefented as three pelicans vulning themfelves, and divided by the chevron charged with three quatrefoils. As I particularly noticed the infcription m° n▾ centefimo, I could not account for the #▾ otherwife than I have done. If we could get over the m the might fairly be read 500 v centefimo. There were no marks of the flab having been Je-cut on any repair or re-painting of the Church. The ftory of Henry VII. changing the archbishop's arc:s ls, I fear, ideal 1 with Mr. Malcomm would give us a drawing of Sir H. Colet's tomb at Stepney, LXU. p. 1187, that one might judge whether it were not from the lick a mixture of Grecian and Gothic architecture, winch is not uncommon about that prised; and it is very unlikely the monument should have been represented in a different ftyle in after-ages. What means paffage in the note on p. 1191? Your old correfpondent G. p. 15, of the prefent volume, will find his enquiries anfwered in Warton's Hiftory of English Poetry, III. § 27, p. 161179. The affociates of Sternhold and Hopkins were William Whyttyngham, joint author of Gorboduc, and Robert Wisdome, afterwards Archdeacon of Ely. The Clare coins, p. 30, were proba bly British, like thofe at Carn Bre, in Borlafe. It is to be hoped the two Antiquaries of Clare will between them. produce a Hiftory of that place. The figure you have engraved, p. 33, for St. Cecilia, is an angel. Such are very frequent in the upper parts of windows, playing on various inftruments of mufick. P. 44. Perhaps the Rambler may have mifapplied to dirty Cumberland roads a term, which every man, who wishes to walk clean in the streets of the capital, too often to his forrow beflows on a loose stone in the path-way, which rifes up on his treading on it, and befpatters his clean stockings. Add to the fons of Mr. John Ken rick, p. 20, n. a fourth and youngeft, Jarvis, vicar of Chilham in Kent. It would puzzle any man to determine whether Mr. Cozens's Britannia is fanding or ping. Drawings confch to be bad thould not be communicated. Perhaps I had better compared the figure with Canden's figure 4, though the legends differ. P. 123. May one be allowed to conjecture that Le Grand Roi in his dying moments referred to his appearance before God? P. 125. What authority is there for fuppofing the Gothic carvings under the feats in New College Chapel are of the age of Charles 1. and not rather of Edward 111. in whofe reign the founder, Wykeham, lived? P. 128. It was not D. H. but your compofiror, who blended the Bilton infcription, and committed other errors noticed by Exonienfis. Mr. URBAN, Feb. 18. e YOUR Magazine, from fent period, has been celebrated for affording philo- Your correfpondent has vigorously attacked the Doctor's chemical principies. I with, however, before he gave felf this trouble, or you that of printing his letter, he had made himfelf thoroughly fenfible of the nature and tendency of thole principles. I with, afo, he had ventured to put his name to the objections, which might have rendered them more worthy of the Doctor's notice; for, I am well convinced there is nothing which he more ardent ly delires than to have his chemical principles freely and openly canvalled. He has repeatedly called upon the fift chemical characters to do this, but they * See Index Indicatorits, vol. LXII. p. 1035. are mute. Yet his chemical theories are built upon as plain and as intelligi ble propofitions as any philofophical fubjects that were ever offered to the mure. He hath repeat it again, they are Your correfpondent, Mr. Urban, like the other anonymous writers who have objected to Dr. Harrington's theory, feems difpofed to play the old game, first to mif- reprefent his principles, and then to controvert his own mifreprefentations. Inflammable fubftances, when reduced by combuftion, cannot with propriety be compared to any cafes of chemical elective attraction; the argu ments, therefore, which this objector draws from vitriolated tartar and felenite, are foreign to the queflion how combuftion is conducted. Dr. Harrington's explanation of that process is, I believe, as follows: Actual fire, whe ther in the form of a red-hot poker, or an electrical spark, if applied to fome inflammable fubftances, has the power of bringing them into a ftate of combuftion, which, when once excited, goes on fo long as there is fupply of fixed fire (or inflammable principle, as it has been been called) in the burning body, and a continued application of atmospherical air. The part the latter maintains in combuftion may be easily explained upon Dr. Harrington's principles. The fire which is now univerfally allowed to pervade the atmosphere, and which Dr. Harrington hath proved, by incontrovertible arguments, to be retained in that body, or rather to form an effential part of its compofition in a state of neutralization, is combined with the mildeft of all acids, and is ever ready to return to the flate of actual fire; but Providence, for wife purpofes, has ordained that the combuftion of atmospherical air cannot, like that of inflammable, he complete, or even continued, without a constant fupply of fixed fire from feme inflammable fubftance, no matter whether vegetable or fotfil; and for the fame wife purpofes it has been ordained, that the combuftion of all sufimmable tubftances ceates the moment that, a fupply of aerialized fire from the atmosphere is withheld. It may with great propriety be demanded, how the fift accenfion of a spark takes place, and I hope it will be confidered as a fatisfactory anfwer to fay, that, except in the cafes of light ning, the afcenfion of phosphoreus ot of highly concentrated inflammable oils, opon being mixed with a peculiar acid, and other chemical procelles, the pumordial fpark is excited by friction. Let us take the common cafe of the flint and feel. So great a degree of heat takes place from the rapidity of the friction, that a thin and minute particle of fleel is heated red-hot in atmiofpherical air, and, paffing brifkly through it, liberates a portion of the aërialifed fire of the atmofphere, in confequence of which ignition takes place in the particle of ttcel. It is unneceflary here to trace the communication of this ignition to gunpowder, tinder, fulphur, and other combuftible fubftances, in which fire is loofely combined; for, it is well known, that when fire has once recovered its active or liberated flate, it will continue as long as the aerialited fire of the atmosphere, and the more fixed fire of the burning body, are expoied to its influence. That fire may be fixed in different bodies, in various degrees of concentra tion, is a fact which needs no argument to fupport it The gradation of power with which it is retained may be traced through a thousand different fubftances, from phofphorous, touch-wood, or tinder, up to platina and gold; the last of which retains its fixed fire in fo powerful amanner, that the most intense degree of actual fire which has ever yet been produced upon this globe is unable to feparate it; even the forces of the famous burning glaf in Paris, which has elevated gold into the state of an aërialised vapour, has not been fufficient to calcine it. Since the Harringtonian Philofophy. confiders fire as a material fubftance, your correfpondent, Mr. Urban, might have railed a much more formidable dif ficulty, by demanding what becomes of the immenfe quantity that would be liberated, if the fpark, which we have taken fo much pains to ignite, fhould happen to fall on a combuftible body equal in bulk to St. Paul's Cathedral. As this is a difficulty which, perhaps, never fuggefied itself to his imagination, I will leave him to ponder upon it, while I attend to the other parts of his letter. He feems to find a difficulty in.comprehending how fire can be united to the bixed air of the atmosphere. To this difficulty, I have no dout, Dr. Hər. rington would anfwer, by asking him a plain question. Is he chemil enough to know how one body is fatu ared with another? Fire, or rather phlogitton, another word for fire, has been judicioufly called, by Dr. Prictley, the principle of alkalinity; it faturates the delicate acid of fixed air in the fame manner that this writer's favourite Kali faturates the vitriolic acid in vitriolated tartar; or as fire faturates the fame acid in the neutralized compound called fulphur. Perhaps he may deny the laft infiance; the new-fangled doctrines of our modern aërial philofophers may have led him to fuppofe, that fulphur is not a compound body confitting of fixed fire and the vitriolic acid; that the vitriolic acid, which is feparated from this body in the act of combustion, was not previously contained in the fulphurs. But that is one of the many eirois, which muft inevitably be given up in a fhort time; and which would never have been adopted, had Dr. Harring ton's principles been properly attended to. This writer afferts, with more petu-. lance than real humour, that "what a mild concentration of fire forms, a firon. ger 1793] Dr. Harrington's Theory of fixed Air illuftrated. ger concentration deftroys, &c." but is he inthis inftance objecting to Dr. Harrington's Philofophy or to the established fats of Chemistry? Is he chemift enough to know that antimony, when completely faturated with fixed fire, or, if he dif likes the term, it fhall be called phlogifton, or fulphur, or principle of inBammability, or any other appellation, that he pleafes-but he is furely chemist enough to know that, when antimony is thus completely faturated, it may be taken into the human flomach in large quantities, and with nearly as little inconvenience as chalk. He muft alfo know, that, when certain proportions of this principle are feparated, it becomes a mild diophoretic, a violent emetic, or a poisonous cauftic; that, when as large a proportion is feparated from it as the actual fire of a furnace can carry off, it becomes again as mild as when it was completely faturated; and that its effect and its appearances to the eye may thus be varied in a number of inftances; and, that the fame circumftances may be noticed in attending to the different phæ. nomena, which appear in the forma tion of various mercurial and other metallic preparations. If he attend properly to thefe circumftances, he will ceafe to object, on this account, to Dr. may Harrington's Philofophy, and perhaps be thankful that principles are now divulged, which may enable the philofopher who thinks for himself, to account for many of the phænomena of pature which have been hitherto inexplicable. That fire will overcome the chemical attraction of bodies is clear from a hundred proceffes in chemistry. Actual fire, or what may perhaps with equal propriety be called free fire, when applied to calcarious earth, will, feparate its fixed air. The fame is obfervable in the combinations of the ftronger acids with earths, fo very obvious a chemical principle need not be farther enlarged upon. The actual or free fire contained in an electrical ipa k is capable of liberating the fixed or neutralized fire of atmospherical air, leaving in the ftate of fixed air, which is one of the many experiments that demonftrate the truth of Dr. Harrington's Theory of the Atmofphere. If the fpark is taken in fixed air, it will be feen of a dull red; if in atmospherical air it will be bright and vivid; if in pure air fill more fo; if in inflammable air, which contains a GENT. MAG. March, 1793. 233 ftill greater proportion of fire or phlo- nent, like the other aerial philofophers of IF Mr. URBAN, Chelsea, March 19. F it will relieve the doubts or remove the fufpicious of your correfpondent, who, p. 130, figns himself A SINCERE WELL-WISHER TO TRUTH, you are welcome to affure him, as a fact of the clearest kind, that the poem intituled "Thoughts in Prifon," to which he aline and entire compofition of Dr.DODD. ludes, was, to my knowledge, the genuI have indubitable evidence for this affertion; I believe evey line of the MS. is in my poffeffion and the hand that gives you this information prepared it for the prefs, and conducted the publimafter of the fact. To fuppofe that cation by Mr. Dilly, who equally is Dr. Samuel Johnfon, who wrote fo little in verfe, with the best ability to do more, would fo far have carried, I will not fay his friendship for the fufferer, but his aid of mean impoffure, under the pretext of charity, would be as injurious to the memory of both as in many refpects it is extremely abfurd. Dr. Johnfon would never have thought of deceiving the publick in to grofs a man • ner, and by producing a poem of above 3000 lines. Could he have executed fo fingular a work, from the ftrong ETL tal powers he poff ffed, he would have from a full ftronger fenfe of moral oblifpurned at an idea so very unbecoming, * Detonates-Riium teneatis? This tingular notion originates in an erroneous explanation of an experiment in which inflammable air has been formed by throwing a powder, consisting of quick lime and phofexplanation of which may he feen in thre phorus, into a glafs of water, the true MEDICAL SPECTATOR EXTRAORDINARY, publifhed by Mr, Pridden, Fleet-street. gation. |