In the name of God Almighty! -His imperial majesty, the most high and most mighty emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, and his highness the most high and most mighty emperor of the Ottomans, animated with an equal desire to put an end to the calamities of war, and to establish, on solid and immutable bases, peace, friendship, and good harmony between their empires, have resolved, with a common accord, to intrust this salutary work to, &c. [Here follow the names and titles of the different plenipotentiaries on both sides.]

Art. I. All enmity and all differences which have subsisted hitherto between the two empires shall cease from this day, as well. on land as on sea, and there shall be in perpetuity peace, friendship, and good intelligence, between his majesty the emperor and padishah of all the Russians, and his highness the padishah of the Ottomans, their heirs and successors to the throne, as well as between their respective empires. The two high contracting parties will devote their particular attention to prevent all that might cause misunderstandings to revive between their respective subjects. They will scrupulously fulfil all the conditions of the present treaty of peace, and will watch, at the same time, lest it should be infringed in any manner, directly or indirectly. Art. II.-His majesty the emperor and padishah of all the Russias, wishing to give to his highness the emperor and padishah of the Ottomans a pledge of the sincerity of his friendly disposition,

restores to the Sublime Porte the principality of Moldavia, with all the boundaries which it had before the commencement of the war to which this present treaty has put an end.

His imperial majesty also restores the principality of Wallachia, the Banat of Crayova, Bulgaria, and the country of Dobridge, from the Danube as far as the sea, together with Silistria, Hirsova, Matzia, Isaklya, Toulza, Babadag, Bazardjik, Varna, Pravody, and other towns, burghs, and villages which it contains, the whole extent of the Balkan from Emine, Bournou as far as Kazan, and all the country from the Balkans as far as the sea, with Siliminea, Jamboli, Aidos, Karnabat, Missenovica, Akhioly, Bourgas, Sizopolis, KirkKlissi, the city of Adrianople, Lule Bourgas, and all the towns, burghs, and villages, and in general all places, which the Russian troops have occupied in Roumelia.

Art. III.-The Pruth shall continue to form the limit of the two empires, from the point where that river touches the territory of Moldavia to its junction with the Danube; from that spot the frontier line will follow the course of the Danube as far as the mouth of St. George's, so that, leaving all the islands formed by the different arms of that river in possession of Russia, the right bank shall remain as formerly, in the possession of the Ottoman Porte. Nevertheless, it is agreed that this right bank shall remain uninhabited from the point where the arm of the St. George separates itself from that of Souline, to a distance of two hours.

from the river, and that no establishment of any kind shall be formed there, any more than on the islands which shall remain in possession of the Court of Russia, where, with the exception of the quarantines which may be established there, it shall not be allowed to make any other establishment or fortifications. The merchantvessels of the powers shall have the liberty of navigating the Danube in all its course; and those which bear the Ottoman flag shall have free entrance into the mouths of Keli and Souline, that of St. George remaining common to the ships of war and merchant-vessels of the two contracting powers. But the Russian ships of war, when ascending the Danube, shall not go beyond the point of its junction with the Pruth.

Art. IV. Georgia, Imeritia, Mingrelia, Gouriel, and several other provinces of the Caucasus, having been for many years and in perpetuity united to the empire of Russia, and that empire having besides, by the treaty concluded with Persia at Tourkmantchai, on the 10th of February, 1828, acquired the Khanats of Erivan and of Naktchivan, the two high contracting powers have recognized the necessity of establishing between their respective states, on the whole of that line, a well determined frontier, capable of preventing all future discussion. They have equally taken into consideration the proper means to oppose insurmountable obstacles to the incursions and depredations which the neighbouring tribes hitherto committed, and which have so often compromised the relations of friendship and good feeling between the two empires; consequently it has been agreed upon to

consider henceforward as the frontiers between the territories of the imperial Court of Russia, and those of the Sublime Ottoman Porte in Asia, the line which, following the present limit of the Gouriel from the Black Sea, ascends as far as the border of Imeritia, and from thence, in the straightest direction, as far as the point where the frontiers of the Pachaliks of Akhaltzik and of Kars meet those of Georgia, leaving in this manner to the north of, and within that line, the town of Akhaltzik and the fort of Khallnalick, at a distance of not less than two hours.

All the countries situated to the south and west of this line of demarcation, towards the Pachaliks of Kars and Trebizond, together with the major part of the Pachalik of Akhaltzik, shall remain in perpetuity under the domination of the Sublime Porte, whilst those which are situated to the north and east of the said line, towards Georgia, Imeritia, and the Gouriel, as well as all the litoral of the Black Sea, from the mouth of the Kouben as far as the port of St. Nicholas inclusively, under the domination of the emperor of Russia. In consequence, the imperial court of Russia gives up and restores to the Sublime Porte the remainder of the Pachalik of Akhaltzik, the town and the Pachalik of Kars, the town and the Pachalik of Bayazid, the town and the Pachalik of Erzeroum, as well as all the places occupied by the Russian troops, and which may be out of the abovementioned line.

Art. V. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia having, by a capitulation, placed themselves under the suzeraneté of the sublime Porte, and Russia having guaranteed their prosperity, it is un

derstood that they shall preserve all the privileges and immunities granted to them in virtue of their capitulation, whether by the treaties concluded between the two imperial courts, or by the HattiSheriffs issued at different times. In consequence, they shall enjoy the free exercise of their religion, perfect security, a national and independent administration, and the full liberty of trade. The additional clauses to antecedent stipulations, considered necessary to secure to these two provinces the enjoyment of their rights, shall be inscribed in the annexed separate act, which is and shall be considered as forming an integral part of the present treaty.

Art. VI.-The circumstances which have occurred since the conclusion of the convention of Akermann not having permitted the Sublime Porte to undertake immediately the execution of the clauses of the separate act relative to Servia, and annexed to the fifth article of the said convention, the Sublime Porte engages in the most solemn manner to fulfil them without the least delay, and with the most scrupulous exactness; and to proceed, in particular, to the immediate restitution of the six districts detached from Servia, so as to ensure for ever the tranquillity and the welfare of that faithful and obedient nation. The firman, confirmed by the Hatti-Sheriff, which shall order the execution of the aforesaid clauses, shall be delivered and communicated to the imperial court of Russia within the period of a month from the date of the signature of the treaty of peace. Art. VII.Russian subjects shall enjoy, throughout the whole extent of the Ottoman empire, as well by land as by sea, the full and entire

liberty of commerce secured to them by the former treaties concluded between the two high contracting powers. No infringement of that liberty of commerce shall be committed, neither shall it be permitted to be checked, in any case nor under any pretence, by a prohibition or any restriction whatever, nor in consequence of any regulation or measure, whether it be one of internal administration or one of internal legislation. Russian subjects, vessels, and merchandise, shall be secure against all violence and all chicanery. The former

shall live under the exclusive jurisdiction and police of the ministers and the consuls of Russia. The Russian vessels shall not be subjected to any visit on board whatever on the part of the Ottoman authorities, neither out at sea nor in any of the ports or roadsteads belonging to the dominions of the Sublime Porte. And all merchandise and commodities belonging to a Russian subject, after having paid the custom-house duties required by the tariffs, shall be freely conveyed, deposited on land, in the warehouses of the proprietor or of his consignee, or else transferred to the vessels of any other nation whatever, without the Russian subjects being required to give notice to the local authorities, and still less to ask their permission. It is expressly agreed upon, that all grain proceeding from Russia shall enjoy the same privileges, and that its free transit shall never experience, under any pretence, any difficulty or impediment. The Sublime Porte engages, besides, to watch carefully that the commerce and navigation of the Black Sea shall not experience the slightest obstruction of any nature whatever. For this purpose the Sublime Porte

recognizes and declares the passage of the canal of Constantinople, and the strait of the Dardanelles, entirely free and open to Russian ships under merchant flags, laden or in ballast, whether they come from the Black Sea to go into the Mediterranean, or whether, return ing from the Mediterranean, they wish to re-enter the Black Sea. These vessels, provided they be merchantmen, of whatever size or tonnage they may be, shall not be exposed to any impediment or vexation whatever, as it has been stipulated above. The two courts shall come to an understanding with respect to the best means for preventing all delay in the delivery of the necessary clearances. In virtue of the same principle, the passage of the canal of Constantinople, and of the strait of the Dardanelles, is declared free and open for all the merchant vessels of the powers at peace with the Sublime Porte, whether bound to the Russian ports of the Black Sea, or returning from them--whether laden or in ballast upon the same conditions as those stipulated for the vessels under the Russian flag. In fine, the Sublime Porte, acknowledging the right of the imperial court of Russia to obtain guarantee of this full liberty of commerce and navigation in the Black Sea, solemnly declares that she will never, under any pretence whatever, throw the least obstacle in its way. She promises, above all, never to permit herself in future to stop or detain vessels, laden or in ballast, whether Russian or belonging to nations with which the Ottoman empire shall not be in a state of declared war, passing through the strait of Constantinople and the strait of the Dardanelles, to repair from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean, or from the Mediterranean

to the Russian ports of the Black Sea. And if, which God forbid ! any of the stipulations contained in the present article should be infringed, and the reclamation of the Russian minister on that subject should not obtain a full and prompt satisfaction, the Sublime Porte recognizes, before-hand, the right in the imperial court of Russia to consider such an infraction an act of hostility, and immediately to retaliate on the Ottoman empire.

Art. VIII. The arrangements formerly stipulated by the 6th article of the Convention of Akermann, for the purpose of regulating and liquidating the claims of the respective subjects and merchants of both empires, relating to the indemnity for the losses experienced at different periods since the war of 1806, not having been yet carried into effect, and Russian commerce having since the conclu sion of the aforesaid convention suffered new and considerable injury in consequence of the measures adopted respecting the navigation of the Bosphorus, it is agreed and determined that the Sublime Porte, as a reparation for that injury and those losses, shall pay to the imperial court of Russia, in the course of eighteen months, at periods which shall be settled hereafter, the sum of one million five hun dred thousand ducats of Holland; so that the payment of this sum shall put an end to all claim or reciprocal pretensions on the part of the two contracting powers on the subject of the aforesaid cir cumstances.

Art. IX. The prolongation of the war, to which the present treaty of peace happily puts an end, having occasioned to the imperial court of Russia considerable expenses, the Sublime Porte recog

nizes the necessity of offering it an adequate indemnity. For this purpose, independently of the cession of a small portion of territory in Asia, stipulated by the 4th article, which the court of Russia consents to receive on account of the said indemnity, the Sublime Porte engages to pay to the said court a sum of money, the amount of which shall be regulated by mutual accord.

Art. X.-The Sublime Porte, whilst declaring its entire adhesion to the stipulations of the treaty concluded in London on the 24th of June (the 6th of July), 1827, between Russia, Great Britain, and France, accedes equally to the act drawn up on the 10th (22nd,) of March 1829, by mutual consent, between these same powers, on the basis of the said treaty, and containing the arrangement of detail relative to its definitive execution. Immediately after the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty of peace, the Sublime Porte shall appoint plenipotentiaries to settle with those of the imperial court of Russia, and of the courts of England and France, the execution of the said stipulations and arrangements.

Art. XI. Immediately after the signature of the present treaty of peace between the two empires, and the exchange of the ratification of the two sovereigns, the Sublime Porte shall take the necessary measures for the prompt and scrupulous execution of the stipulations which it contains, and particularly of the 3rd and 4th articles, relative to the limits which are to separate the two empires, as well in Europe as in Asia; and of the 5th and 6th articles respecting the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, as well as Servia; and from the

moment when these stipulations can be considered as having been fulfilled, the imperial court of Russia will proceed to the evacua◄ tion of the territory of the Ottoman empire, conformably to the bases established by a separate act, which forms an integral part of the present treaty of peace. Until the complete evacuation of the territories occupied by the Russian troops, the administration and the order of things there established at the present time, under the influence of the imperial court of Russia, shall be maintained, and the Sublime Ottoman Porte shall not interfere with them in any

manner.

Art. XH.-Immediately after the signature of the present treaty of peace, orders shall be given to the commanders of the respective troops, as well by land as by sea, to cease hostilities. Those committed after the signature of the present treaty shall be considered as not having taken place, and shall occasion no change in the stipula- ' tions which it contains. In the same manner, any thing which in that interval shall have been conquered by the troops of either one or the other of the high contracting powers, shall be restored without the least delay.

Art. XIII.-The high contracting powers, while re-establishing between themselves the relations of sincere amity, grant general pardon, and a full and entire amnesty to all those of their subjects, of whatever condition they may be, who, during the course of the war, happily terminated this day, shall have taken part in military operations, or manifested, either by their conduct or by their opinions, their attachment to one or the other of the two contracting powers. In