ARTICLE 11

1. Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.

2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offense on account of any act or ommission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

ARTICLE 12

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

ARTICLE 13

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.

2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

ARTICLE 14

1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.

2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

ARTICLE 15

1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.

2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

ARTICLE 16

1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

ARTICLE 17

1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

ARTICLE 18

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

ARTICLE 19

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

ARTICLE 20

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. 2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

ARTICLE 21

1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

2. Everyone has the right of equal access to public services in his country. 3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

ARTICLE 22

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

ARTICLE 23

1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. 2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.

3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.

4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

ARTICLE 24

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

ARTICLE 25

1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection,

ARTICLE 26

1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be com pulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

ARTICLE 27

1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the com munity, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. 2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the

author.

ARTICLE 28

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

ARTICLE 29

1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.

2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

3. These rights and freedom may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

ARTICLE 30

Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

INTERNATIONAL YEAR FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

(Resolution 1961, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, Eighteenth Session, December 12, 1963)

The General Assembly,

Noting that the year 1968 will be the twentieth anniversary of the adoption and proclamation by the General Assembly of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

Taking into account the fact that, since the adoption of the Declaration, a substantial measure of progress has been achieved in giving effect to human rights and fundamental freedoms, ..

Recognizing that in spite of such progress the effective realization of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Declaration remains unsatisfactory in some parts of the world,

Believing that the cause of human rights will be well served by an increasing awareness of the extent of the progress made,

Convinced that an appropriate way of celebrating the twentieth anniversary of the proclamation of the Declaration is to devote the year 1968 to intensified national and international efforts and undertakings in the field of human rights, and also to an international review of the achievements in this field,

Confident that the designation of the year 1968 as such a year of international review will encourage all Member States and interested organizations to intensify their efforts in the intervening years, so as to show the maximum possible progress by that time,

1. Designates the year 1968 as International Year for Human Rights;

2. Requests the Economic and Social Council to invite the Commission on Human Rights at its forthcoming sessions, with the assistance of the SecretaryGeneral:

(a) To prepare, for consideration by the General Assembly, a programme of measures and activities representing a lasting contribution to the cause of human rights, to be undertaken by the United Nations, by Member States and by the specialized agencies during the year 1968, in celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in furtherance of the objectives of the present resolution;

(b) To prepare, for consideration by the General Assembly, suggestions for a list of goals in the field of human rights to be achieved by the United Nations not later than the end of 1968;

(c) To submit the programme of measures and activities and the suggestions for the list of goals in time for their consideration by the General Assembly at its twentieth session;

3. Invites the specialized agencies to render all assistance to the Commission on Human Rights in the preparation of the programme of measures and activities to be undertaken during the International Year for Human Rights in celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration;

4. Invites all Member States to intensify their domestic efforts in the field of human rights with the assistance of their appropriate organizations, in order that a fuller and more effective realization of these rights and freedoms might be achieved and might be reported at the proposed international review of such achievements in 1968 and thereafter.

67-840-66- -2

Mr. FASCELL. The subcommittee has before it nearly 20 legislative bills pertaining to the observance, by the United States, of the International Human Rights Year. Several of the sponsors are members of our parent Committee on Foreign Affairs.

(The text of the identical bills (H.R. 12306, by Mr. Halpern; H.R. 13221, by Mr. Farbstein; H.R. 13317 by Mr. O'Hara of Illinois; H.R. 13422, by Mr. Dyal; H.R. 13428, by Mr. Gilligan; H.R. 13983, by Mr. Bingham; H.R. 14037, by Mr. Cunningham; H.R. 14064, by Mr. Helstoski; H.R. 14164, by Mr. Kupferman; H.R. 14358, by Mr. Dow; H.R. 14407, by Mr. Kunkel; H.R. 14577, by Mr. Bell; H.R. 14591. by Mr. Tenzer; H.R. 14800, by Mr. Horton; H.R. 15137, by Mr. Patten; H.R. 15633, by Mr. Findley; H.R. 16849, by Mrs. Kelly) is as follows:)

A BILL To establish a United States Committee on Human Rights to prepare for participation by the United States in the observance of the year 1968 as International Human Rights Year, and for other purposes

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITED STATES COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS

SECTION 1. That, in order to provide for effective and coordinated preparation for participation by the United States in the observance of the year 1968, designated by the General Assembly of the United Nations as "International Human Rights Year", there is hereby established an advisory and coordinating com mittee, to be known as the "United States Committee on Human Rights" (herein referred to as the "Committee").

MEMBERSHIP

SEC. 2. (a) The Committee shall consist of eleven members, as follows:

(1) Two Members of the House of Representatives, one from each political party, appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives;

(2) Two Members of the Senate, one from each political party, appointed by the President of the Senate; and

(3) Seven members appointed from private life by the President of the United States.

(b) The Committee shall elect a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among its

members.

(c) A vacancy in the Committee shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment.

(d) The Committee is authorized to issue such rules and regulations as it deems advisable to conduct its activities.

(e) Members of the Committee each shall be entitled to receive $100 per diem when engaged in the actual performance of the powers and duties of the Committee, including travel time, and may receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in the Government service employed intermittently.

POWERS AND DUTIES

SEC. 3. The Committee is authorized and directed to conduct studies and formulate plans for effective and coordinated participation by the United States in the observance of the year 1968 as "International Human Rights Year". In the conduct of its activities, the Committee is authorized to

(1) conduct studies, seminars, and meetings with appropriate parties in order to provide for effective participation in the observance of International Human Rights Year at the Federal, State, and local levels of government in the United States;

(2) explore the role of the United States in defining, expressing, and expanding the application of human rights principles in the United States and throughout the world;

(3) review past and present policies of the United States with respect to the universal application and preservation of human rights principles; and

(4) take such other action and conduct such other activities as may be appropriate to provide a basis for the observance by the United States of International Human Rights Year.

COOPERATION WITH COMMITTEE BY EXECUTIVE AGENCIES

SEC. 4. (a) The Committee is authorized to request any department, agency, independent establishment, or instrumentality in the executive branch of the Government to furnish suggestions and information to the Committee in carrying out the functions of the Committee under this Act. The head of each such department, agency, independent establishment, or instrumentality is authorized to furnish such suggestions and information to the Committee upon request of the Chairman or Vice Chairman.

(b) Upon request of the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Committee, the head of each department, agency, independent establishment, or instrumentality in the executive branch of the Government shall otherwise cooperate with the Committee in the performance of the functions of the Committee and shall provide the Committee with such additional assistance and services as may be available.

STAFF OF COMMITTEE

SEC. 5. (a) The Committee shall appoint an executive secretary without regard to the civil service laws, prescribe his duties, and fix his compensation at a rate not to exceed the maximum rate payable under the General Schedule of the Classification Action of 1949, as amended (79 Stat. 1111; 5 U.S.C. 1113(b)).

(b) The Committee is authorized to appoint, without regard to the civil service laws, and fix the compensation, in accordance with the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, of such personnel as it deems advisable to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(c) The Committee may procure, in accordance with section 15 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended (5 U.S.C. 55a), the temporary or intermittent services of experts and consultants. Individuals so employed shall be paid compensation at a rate to be fixed by the Committee but not in excess of $100 per diem, including travel time, and, while away from their homes or regular places of business, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended (5 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in the Government service employed intermittently.

REPORT AND TERMINATION OF COMMITTEE

SEC. 6. (a) The Committee shall submit to the President, not later than July 1, 1967, for transmittal to the Congress, a report of the activities of the Committee under this Act together with its recommendations, including recommendations as to the manner in which the most effective and coordinated participation by the United States in the observance of the year 1968 as "International Human Rights Year" may be accomplished and including recommendations as to the means by which the United States may contribute most effectively to the acceptance, observance, practice, and enforcement of the principles of human rights throughout the world in "International Human Rights Year" and thereafter.

(b) From and after the submission of its report to the President under subsection (a), the Committee shall, under the direction of the President, continue as an informational and coordinating clearinghouse and center of United States participation in the observance of the year 1968 as "International Human Rights Year" and, to carry out such purpose, shall perform such additional duties as the President may impose upon it.

(c) The Committee shall cease to exist at the close of December 31, 1968.

AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 7. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions and accomplish the purposes of this Act.

Mr. FASCELL. We will begin by taking testimony from one of the most distinguished of the committee's senior members. As our first witness, I would like to call on one of the ranking members of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the chairman of our Subcommittee on Europe, the Honorable Edna F. Kelly of New York.