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(2) 55 (A) of the amounts made available to carry out this subsection, $500,000 for the fiscal year 1984 and $1,000,000 for the fiscal year 1985 shall be used for grants to nongovernmental organizations in South Africa promoting political, economic, social, juridical, and humanitarian efforts to foster a just society and to help victims of apartheid.

(B) In making grants under this paragraph, priority should be given to those organizations or activities which contribute, directly or indirectly, to promoting a just society, to aiding victims of official discrimination, and to the nonviolent elimination of apartheid. Priority should also be given to those organizations whose programs and activities evidence community support. Grants may be made only for organizations whose character and membership reflect the objective of a majority of South Africans for an end to the apartheid system of separate development and for interracial cooperation and justice. Grants may not be made under this paragraph to governmental institutions or organizations or to organizations financed or controlled by the Government of South Africa.

(C)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), grants under this paragraph may not exceed $10,000.

(ii) Of the amounts allocated to carry out this paragraph, $100,000 shall be available each fiscal year only for grants to organizations which have available for their use resources whose value is at least equal to the amount of the grant under this paragraph. Grants of up to $30,000 may be made to such organizations. For purposes of this clause, the term "resources" includes, in addition to cash assets, in-kind assets and contributions such as equipment, materials, and staff and volunteer time.

(D) Within 9 months after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall prepare, in consultation with the Secretary of State, and shall submit to the Congress a report detailing grants and proposed grants under this paragraph and their conformity with the provisions of this paragraph.

Sec. 117.56 Infant Nutrition.-*** [Repealed-1978]

Sec. 118.57 Environment and Natural Resources. (a) The Congress finds that if current trends in the degradation of natural resources in developing countries continue, they will severely undermine the best efforts to meet basic human needs, to achieve sustained economic growth, and to prevent international tension and conflict. The Congress also finds that the world faces enormous, urgent, and complex problems, with respect to natural resources,

55 Sec. 117 was repealed by Sec. 103(c) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 945). See sec. 103(d)(1) of this Act (page 20) and sec. 301(b) of Public Law 97-113 (page 260) for current language concerning this issue.

57 22 U.S.C. 2151p. Sec. 118, as added by sec. 113 of Public Law 95-88 (91 Stat. 537) and amended by sec. 110 of Public Law 95-424 (92 Stat. 948) and sec. 122 of Public Law 96-53 (93 Stat. 948), was amended and restated by sec. 307 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1533). Sec. 118 previously read as follows:

"Sec. 118. Environment and Natural Resources.-(a) The President is authorized to furnish assistance under this part for developing and strengthening the capacity of less developed countries to protect and manage their environment and natural resources. Special efforts shall be made to maintain and where possible restore the land, vegetation, water, wildlife and other resources upon which depend economic growth and human w l-being especially that of the poor. "(b) In carrying out programs under this chapter, the President shall take into consideration the environmental consequence of development actions."

which require new forms of cooperation between the United States and developing countries to prevent such problems from becoming unmanageable. It is, therefore, in the economic and security interests of the United States to provide leadership both in thoroughly reassessing policies relating to natural resources and the environment, and in cooperating extensively with developing countries in order to achieve environmentally sound development.

(b) In order to address the serious problems described in subsection (a), the President is authorized to furnish assistance under this part for developing and strengthening the capacity of developing countries to protect and manage their environment and natural resources. Special efforts shall be made to maintain and where possible to restore the land, vegetation, water, wildlife, and other resources upon which depend economic growth and human wellbeing, especially of the poor.

(c)(1) The President, in implementing programs and projects under this chapter, shall take fully into account the impact of such programs and projects upon the environment and natural resources of developing countries. Subject to such procedures as the President considers appropriate, the President shall require all agencies and officials responsible for programs or projects under this chapter

(A) to prepare and take fully into account an environmental impact statement for any program or project under this chapter significantly affecting the environment of the global commons outside the jurisdiction of any country, the environment of the United States, or other aspects of the environment which the President may specify; and

(B) to prepare and take fully into account an environmental assessment of any proposed program or project under this chapter significantly affecting the environment of any foreign country.

Such agencies and officials should, where appropriate, use local technical resources in preparing environmental impact statements and environmental assessments pursuant to this subsection.

(2) The President may establish exceptions from the requirements of this subsection for emergency conditions and for cases in which compliance with those requirements would be seriously detrimental to the foreign policy interests of the United States.

(d)(1) In enacting section 103(b)(3) of this Act the Congress recognized the importance of forest and tree cover to the developing countries. The Congress is particularly concerned about the continuing and accelerating alteration, destruction, and loss of tropical forest in developing countries. Tropical forests constitute a major world resource. Their destruction and loss pose a serious threat to development and the environment to developing countries. Tropical forest destruction and loss result in shortages of wood, especially wood for fuel; siltation of lakes, reservoirs and irrigation systems; floods; destruction of indigenous peoples; extinction of plant and animal species; reduced capacity for food production; and loss of genetic resources; and can result in desertification and in destablization of the earth's climate. Properly managed tropical forests provide a sustained source of fiber and the other commodities essential to the economic growth of developing countries.

(2) The concerns expressed in paragraph (1) and the recommendations of the United States Interagency Task Force on Tropical Forests shall be considered by the President

(A) in formulating and carrying out programs and policies with respect to developing countries, including those relating to bilateral and multilateral assistance and those relating to private sector activities, and

(B) in seeking opportunities to coordinate public and private development and investment activities which affect forests in developing countries.

(3) It is the sense of the Congress that the President should instruct the representatives of the United States to the United Nations and to other appropriate international organizations to urge

(A) that higher priority be given in the programs of these organizations to the problems of tropical forest alteration and loss, and

(B) that there be improved cooperation and coordination among these organizations with respect to tropical forest activities.

Sec. 119.58 Renewable and Unconventional Energy Technologies. [Repealed-1980]

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Sec. 119.59 Endangered Species.—(a) The Congress finds the survival of many animal and plant species is endangered by overhunting, by the presence of toxic chemicals in water, air and soil, and by the destruction of habitats. The Congress further finds that the extinction of animal and plant species is an irreparable loss with potentially serious environmental and economic consequences for developing and developed countries alike. Accordingly, the preservation of animal and plant species through the regulation of the hunting and trade in endangered species, through limitations on the pollution of natural ecosystems, and through the protection of wildlife habitats should be an important objective of the United States development assistance.

(b) In order to preserve biological diversity, the President is authorized to furnish assistance under this part to assist countries in protecting and maintaining wildlife habitats and in developing sound wildlife management and plant conservation programs. Special efforts should be made to establish and maintain wildlife sanctuaries, reserves, and parks; to enact and enforce anti-poaching measures; and to identify, study, and catalog animal and plant species, especially in tropical environments.

(c) The Administrator of the Agency for International Development, in conjunction with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality,

Sec. 119, which had been added by Public Law 95-88 (91 Stat. 528) and amended by sec. 111 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 948) and by sec. 107 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 362), was repealed by sec. 304 g) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96533, 94 Stat. 3147). See sec. 106 of this Act for text concerning energy technologies.

22 U.SC. 2151q. Sec. 119 was added by sec. 702 of the International Environment Protection Act of 1983 (title VII of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985; Public Law 98-164; 97 Stat. 1045).

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and the heads of other appropriate Government agencies, shall develop a United States strategy, including specific policies and programs, to protect and conserve biological diversity in developing countries.

(d) Each annual report required by section 634(a) of this Act shall include, in a separate volume, a report on the implementation of this subsection. Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this section, the President shall submit a comprehensive report to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the United States strategy to protect and conserve biological diversity in developing countries.

Sec. 120.60 Sahel Development Program-Planning.-(a) The Congress reaffirms its support of 60 the initiative of the United States Government in undertaking consultations and planning with the countries concerned, and with other nations providing assistance, with the United Nations, and with other concerned international and regional organizations, toward the development and support of a comprehensive long-term African Sahel development

program.

(b) 61 The President is authorized to develop a long-term comprehensive development program for the Sahel and other droughtstricken nations in Africa.

(c) 61 In developing this long-term program, the President shall(1) consider international coordination for the planning and implementation of such program;

(2) seek greater participation and support by African countries and organizations in determining development priorities; and

(3) begin such planning immediately.

(d) 61 *** [Repealed--1978]

Sec. 121. 62 Sahel Development Program-Implementation.-(a) The President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the long-term development of the Sahelian region. Assistance furnished under this section shall be in accordance with a long-term, multidonor development plan which calls for equitable burdensharing with other donors and shall be furnished, whenever appropriate, in cooperation with an international coordinating mechanism.

(b) The President shall prepare an annual report on the Sahel Development Program concerning the allocation of the United States contribution to the Program, the extent of the contributions

60 22 U.S.C. 2151r. Sec. 120, originally added as sec. 639B of this Act by sec. 20 of the FA Act of 1973 and later redesignated as sec. 494B by sec. 101(5) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849), was again redesignated as sec. 120 by sec. 115(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 539).

The title caption "Sahel Development Program-Planning" was inserted in lieu of "African Development Program" by sec. 115(2) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 539).

The words in the first sentence of subsec. (a), "reaffirms its support of", were substituted in lieu of "supports" by sec. 101(7)C) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849).

61 Subsecs. (b), (c), and (d) were added by sec. 101(7)(D) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). Subsec. (d) was subsequently repealed by sec. 502(d)(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 959).

62 22 U.S.C. 2151s. Sec. 121 was added by sec. 115(3) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88; 91 Stat. 539).

from other donor countries, the effectiveness of the integrated effort through the Club des Amis du Sahel, and the progress made in achieving the objectives of the program.

(c) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section beginning in the fiscal year 1978, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, $200,000,000, except that not to exceed $50,000,000, may be appropriated under this section for the fiscal year 1978. In addition to the amount authorized in the preceding sentence and to funds otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section $25,000,000.63 In addition to the amounts authorized in the preceding sentences and to funds otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section $86,558,000 for the fiscal year 1982 and $86,558,000 for the fiscal year 1983.64 Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

(d) 65 Funds available to carry out this section (including foreign currencies acquired with funds appropriated to carry out this section) may not be made available to any foreign government for disbursement unless the Administrator of the Agency for International Development determines that the foreign government will maintain a system of accounts with respect to those funds which will provide adequate identification of and control over the receipt and expenditure of those funds.

Sec. 122.66 General Authorities.-(a) In order to carry out the purposes of this chapter, the President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, to countries and areas through programs of grant and loan assistance, bilaterally or through regional, multilateral, or private entities.

(b) The President is authorized to make loans payable as to principal and interest in United States dollars on such terms and conditions as he may determine, in order to promote the economic development of countries and areas, with emphasis upon assisting long range plans and programs designed to develop economic resources and increase productive capacities. The President shall determine the interest payable on any loan. In making loans under

"This sentence was added by sec. 108 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-53; 93 Stat. 363).

"The International Security and Development Assistance Authorizations Act of 1983 (sec. 101 b 2) of the Further Continuing Appropriations, 1984; Public Law 98-151; 97 Stat. 969) provided an authorization for the fiscal year 1984 of $103,000,000 to carry out sec. 121. An authorization for fiscal year 1985 was not enacted.

The authorizations for fiscal years 1982 and 1983 were added by sec. 308(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1535). This amendment replaced an authorization of $88,442,000 for fiscal year 1981, as added by sec. 306 of Public Law 96-533 (94 Stat. 363).

Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1985 (sec. 101 of the Continuing Appropriations, 1985; Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1890) provides the following:

"Sahel development program: For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 121. $97,500,000, to remain available until expended: Provided. That no part of such appropriation may be available to make any contribution of the United States to the Sahel development program in excess of 10 percent of the total contributions to such program."

Subsec. (d) was added by sec. 308(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113; 95 Stat. 1535).

22 U.S.C. 2151t. Subsec. (a) of sec. 122 was added by sec. 102(a) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 940). Sec. 102(b) of that same Act substantially amended subsecs. (b), (c), and (d) of sec. 201 of this Act, consolidating them into one subsec. (b), and then moving it to become subsec. (b) of sec. 122.

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