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1829.]

REMINISCENCES OF PHILADELPHIA,

city in the Union. The Methodist Society have purchased a handsome lot near the Presbyterian Church, and are preparing materials for the erection thereon of a neat and spacious brick church for their accommodation. And on the north border of the town, our very worthy and enterprising townsman, Col. Magaw, well known as the patentee of Straw Paper, has fitted up a large and convenient frame building for the manufacture of that cheap and valuable article.

it has been put under contract, and nearly the one-half is completed, and the remainder to be finished the coming season. About $250,000 is presumed to be the cost of it when completed; and upwards of $100,000 has already been expended on it.

I have now given, from such sources of information as may fairly be relied on for their correctness, an impar tial statement of the various objects embraced in it; and which, I presume, are sufficiently in detail to answer the purposes for which it is intended. But before I close, it may not be amiss, perhaps, to add a few words for the benefit of persons contemplating a western residence as farmers. The brightening prospects of this section of the state, have much to recommend then to the particu lar attention of farmers east of the mountains, whose farms are too small to be divided among their children, so as to afford a sufficient quantity to cach, for the sup

I have been thus particular in the description of our public buildings, from a conviction that there is no other town in the state of the population of Meadville, that contains one-half the number of equally handsome public buildings; and, I might perhaps with justice add, there is no town, or city in the state, with the exception of Philadelphia, where the number is exceeded. The dwelling houses are generally frame, painted white; but there are, however, a number of tasteful, neat, and spa-port of a family by farming. cious brick buildings, which would be ornamental in any of our large cities.

It possesses all the conveniences and comforts of living that are enjoyed east of the mountains. It In our Churches we have worship every Sabbath, is a healthy and pleasant country to live in, and capable administered by clergymen highly respectable for their of producing in abundance all the productions common ministerial qualifications, and as members of society. to the eastern part of the state; and when the canal And we have also, nearly every Sabbath, public wor- from Lake Erie to Philadelphia shall have been comship, by respectable clergymen of other denominations.pleted, they can be placed in the market of that city, at Our College, from the want of more ample funds, a rate much more profitable to those who produce them for the endowment of Professorships, is not yet in than like products cast of the mountains can be so full operation. The Reverend Timothy Alden, Pre- | placed—and for the plainest of all reasons—that the sident of the College, has a few students, who at lands producing them can be procured at one-fifth the tend him at his residence in town. The College Li-expense of lands of equal quality east of the mountains. brary is extensive and valuable; but few Colleges in the Union have libraries of equal value. It contains about eight thousand volumes of well selected books; among which are many rare and valuable works. And, notwithstanding our legislature has been liberal towards this institution, we sincerely hope it will not suffer it to languish for want of further aid-and this I fear must be the case without such aid as we at present can see no possible mode of putting it into that extensively useful operation contemplated in the original design, without the further liberality of the state.

Very good unimproved lands may be purchased here at two dollars to four dollars per acre-depending in a great measure, at present, on their particular situations-and well improved farms, at from five dollars to eight dollars per acre. This country is peculiarly adapted to raising of stock. The numerous droves of fine horses and cattle taken out of it every season, is the best evidence of its fitness for stock; and there is no mode of farming so easy and profitable as that of raising stock; more particularly in a country like this, where grass is produced so abundantly. This section of the state must, at no distant day, become a great stock country. Emigration to it is rapidly increasing, and no doubt the lands will very soon take a rise, and increase with the progress of the Pennsylvania canal. Those therefore, who are looking to this quarter of the state as their future residence, would do well, perhaps, to provide themselves with farms, whilst they have a choice among the best, and while five farms may be purchased here, for the product of one of equal size and quality

Our Academy is well supplied with a competent principal, and other respectable teachers. The languages, and the various branches of an English education, in- [ cluding the higher branches, as the Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, &c. and drawing, are taught in the various apartments of the building. We have also other highly respectable schools, where the various branches of an English education are taught-and our Sabbath Schools, so important in forming the characters of the young, are well attended, and faithfully conduct-east of the mountains generally. And I may with jused by the friends of virtue and religion.

Our Bench and our Bar, for the administration of justice, are highly respectable for their virtues and their talents-And our Medical department is not without its highly respectable and skilful Physicians. And not to overlook our Political department-we have two newspapers printed in the town, one the advocate of Adams and the other of Jackson.

There are about 15 Stores in the town-respectable for amount of their capital and their mode of doing business; and we have 10 Taverns, among which are some that for good fare, neatness, taste, and good order, may justly vie with the best inns in the Union.

About 17 Mails carried in stages, and 6 on horseback, arrive here and depart weekly; and we have the Philadelphia newspapers on the fifth day from their date.

The French creek feeder, intended to feed the contemplated canal from Pittsburgh to Erie, commences at Bemus' mills on the east side of French creek, about two miles north of Meadville-passes through it, and to about six miles below it, where it crosses French creek, and falls into the valley of the outlet of Conneaut lake, and pursues that valley to the summit level, near the Conneaut lake. The length of this feeder, which is of the same dimensions of the Pennsylvania canal, is about 22 miles, and lies entirely in this county. The whole of

tice add, that the product of the sale of one farm in a number of the counties near to Philadelphia, would purchase ten of equal size and quality here. It is confidently hoped therefore, that this golden opportunity will not be neglected by those looking to the west for their future residence.

Meadville, Dec. 15, 1828.

REMINISCENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

THE STOUT GENTLEMAN,

M.

The George Inn, (or Tavern,) kept by one Michael Dennison, an Englishman, at the south-west corner of Arch and Second streets, was, at the time, the great rendezvous, for the arrival and departure of the New York and Baltimore mails. The sign was but a rough painting of St. George, on horseback, trampling over, and spearing the Dragon down and through the throat. As an inn, it was considered the most stylish, and the best kept house, and more resorted to by sojourners, (especially Englishmen) and travelling gentlemen, than any other in the city; for as yet the splendid hotel had not been dreamed of, and probably nothing could give a better idea of the astonishing increase of our beloved city in wealth and population, than the consideration, that this limited building, as it now stands at the corner, without yard or back buildings, should be the centre

.

The Bank shall with the market join,
To weep at once-thee, and thy coin;
Thy guineas ranged in many a pile,
Shall swell the pride of Britain's Isle;
Whilst England's Bank shall smiling greet,
The wealth that came from Chestnut street.

of the present day, was the cause of some rough jokes on the subject. Rumour with her hundred tongues, said, that he arrived safe in the Thames, and moreover, that in his native city of Carlisle, while sitting with his family, at the dinner table, he was seized by an apoplexy, and immediately expired. (So 'twas said.)

point for genteel strangers, foreign and domestic: and as well known through the Continent to the travelling public of the time, as Ballston, at the present dayBroadway--Head's Mansion House--Renshaw'sSaints' Rest-or Barnum's in Baltimore. The range of stables, westward to the alley, and the middle of the street, was usually a busy scene of hubbub, in washing His astonishing bulk, and the limited ships cabins of the "chairs," currying horses, clatter of hoofs on the pcb-time, which bore no comparison with the roomy elegance bled pavement-the interminable sound of the pump handle, and shoutings from busy hostlers thereabout. Groups of Gentlemen, (the most conspicuous among whom would be the Landlord,) were frequently to be seen, viewing the points of horses ridden up and down for their inspection, by a well known Horse Fancier from the Emerald Isle, also named Michael, and belong. ing at the time to Dennison's establishment. He was remarkable for his suavity and good humour in his vocation, and for an additional display of his white squirrel shaped teeth, while calling the attention of gentlemen, to something remarkable about his "fine Hoss." Porch of the Inn, being elevated a few steps above the pavement, on the shady side of the way, was generally filled with well-dressed gentlemen, lounging in toothpick attitude, and staring at people passing by. Where do you dine? At the George-was frequently to be heard as question and answer.

The

But the most remarkable character to be seen about the Inn was Michael Dennison himself, usually called fat Dennison, the largest, and most probably the heaviest man ever seen here, weighing as they said, some four to five hundred pounds, and at the same "active as a cat." His large rotundity in front, monstrous round fat jowl, and ruddy full moon English face, was the stare of all who saw him, also his active movements while giving his directions to his subordinates about the premises. He was highly respected by every one as "mine Host." When sitting, his knees were just visible to himself, but at no other time.

An odd quarrel, or rather bandying of words, between him and a slender countryman, seated on the top of a wagon load of straw, near the Inn door, is distinctly remembered, as causing great merriment among the lounging people and bystanders. During the dispute about the straw, Dennison compared him to Pharaoh's "Ear, blasted by the east wind," and thin as his own straw. "Jonathan" retorted with coolness and severity, and among other things compared him to an elephant without his trunk. Being both out of the reach of each other, the countryman, (being obliged, occasionally, to push up his hat, which, being too large for his head, would settle down over his eye-brows,) at last moved leisurely off, cracking his whip by the way, and sending back his Parthian replies, until out of hearing, each one producing shouts of laughter, joined in, sometimes, by the opponent himself.

Dennison afterwards sold out, he having realized, (they said) £5000 after paying all his debts. cumstance of his being about to sail to England in the The cir'Pigou,' and of his drawing this money in guineas, out of "The Bank," caused much conversation, and the following verses in Oswald's paper:

LINES ON MICHAEL DENNISON.

His bulk increased by ale and venison,
Alas! we soon must lose good Dennison.
City of Penn! his loss deplore,

Altho' with pain his bulk you bore!

Michael farewell! Heaven speed thy course,
Saint George take with thee and thy horse;
But to our hapless City kind,

The watchful Dragon leave behind.

Michael! your wealth and full spread frame,
Shall publish Pennsylvania's fame,
Soon as the planks beneath you crack,
The market shall be hung with black.
Michael! her stores might sure content ye,
In Britain, none boast greater plenty,

EXTRACTS

LANG SYNE,

From a Report on the subject of connecting Manual Labour with study-presented to the Trustees of the Philadel phia Manual Labour Academy, at a meeting held Dec. 11th, 1828.

A GENERAL VIEW OF

THE SYSTEM WHICH CONNECTS MANUAL LABOUR WITH STUDY.

This system, when adopted as a mode of literary discipline, is not to be considered a mere theory, recommending to studious youth a suitable attention to bodily exercise. For that has been usually done, however small its practical effect. Nor does it contemplate a systematic pursuit of all, or of any of the manual arts. It is not intended to form complete farmers or mechanics, although this result may incidentally occur, and may in some cases be considered a desirable object.— But the great end proposed, is to cultivate the mind, to develope its faculties in the best manner and at the same ble the student to serve by his attainments, the most eftime to preserve such a vigor of constitution as to enafective practical purposes. Bodily labour is incorporanothing valuable is effected. Without it, labour is selted with study systematically, because without system dom performed, and when performed is seldom placed in the system is, that the recreation of the student shall to any good account. be fixed and regular, certain portions of time daily being The radical principle embraced set apart for that purpose; and that it shall be of such of permanent pleasure. The system with these essena description as to afford him some profit and a degree tial features, admits a variety of modifications. The manual employment may be exclusively, either agricul tural, horticultural or mechanical, or it may embrace each of them in part or the whole together. which has been pursued at the Theological Seminary of Maryville, Tennessee, and that of the Oneida Academy in the state of New York is confined chiefly to the culsocieties of students at Middlebury and at Andover are tivation of the soil. The plans of recreation formed by are not incorporated with the institutions, but were inmechanical. The exercises however at these places troduced by private and voluntary associations for the sake of promoting health.

That

The Fellenburg school may be considered a complete system, combining with study all the useful arts and forming an encyclopedia for the education of youth.The object of this education was different from that which this country requires. It was intended generally to fit youth for the common occupations of life, the arts they pursue being a principal attainment, and without aiming at a liberal education.

NO CHANGE IS CONTEMPLATED IN THE ORDINARY
COURSE OF STUDY.

"In this respect the Manual Labour School does not differ from other classical schools. With them it may receive all the improvements, which the experience of the world and modern ingenuity are capable of recommending, but its object is not to change or modify any part of the usual literary course. It commences where

1829.]

MANUAL LABOUR WITH STUDY.

an English education leaves off, because previous to this period the connection of labour with study, as far as requisite, can generally be managed by parents at home. The extent to which instruction may be carried, will depend on the endowments of the Institution, and the number of instructors employed. It will naturally embrace the studies of the three years usually spent in preparing for the Freshman class in college. Or it may, as grammar schools often do, furnish instruction for the two succeeding years, and fit young men for the junior class. If this could be done, it might be a convenient arrangement for students, in those years when they are not yet prepared to avail themselves of the peculiar benefits afforded in a college, and when they are usually instructed by young, inexperienced men. Here they might enjoy perhaps better instruction at a much cheap- |

er rate.

13

would of course, be competition from other quarters, which would soon cut off this profit, and leave the institution without resource. Whereas, if farming be car ried on to a considerable extent it will afford a sort of permanent independence, the essentials of a subsist ence will be made sure. As the concerns of such an institution must, in any case, require teams for the conveyance of its materials and productions, the cultivation of land to the extent to which these can be employed, will be a very small additional expense. Farming will afford employment at all seasons for a number of hands, and if a considerable detachment of the corps, be occupied in mechanics, these may too, in seasons of particular pressure, render useful aid on the farm. If it be asked how much land is necessary? The answer must. depend on contingencies-on the number of students which you design to accommodate, and on the proporWhile on this topic, permit me to offer a suggestion | tion of them that you would employ in agriculture.with regard to the organization of the higher semina-Yet there is no difficulty; if the farm should be larger ries. Might they not be rendered more useful, if they than the students would cultivate, the cultivation by admitted none below the junior class, in age and attain-hired assistance would be profitable to the Institution. ments? A few eminent instructors would then be suffi- I suppose that about 100 acres of arable land could be cient and government would be comparatively simple tilled with advantage by 30 students and would yield and easy, for the society would be composed of men and produce enough for 60. The experiment made by the not boys. On the other hand the familiar and parental Oneida Academy would justify this calculation. method of treatment of which grammar schools are susceptible, seems to me vastly better suited to form the moral habits and discipline the youthful mind. The situation of a boy in a college, as it usually is, I consider one of the most dangerous situations in which he can be placed. He has the opportunity of learning vice and infidelity in an awfully ripe state, and is out of the reach of any immediate and direct moral influence. These evils would be greatly diminished by a system of manual labour, which it is hoped will soon be adopted in every college and every professional school. But it must begin in the more elementary schools, otherwise it cannot be easily introduced as a general thing, into those of a higher grade. It should be incorporated with the early habits of the student and should be continued long enough to render it easy and pleasant."

THE PLAN OF THE PHILADELPHIA MANUAL LABOUR
ACADEMY.

I propose now to exhibit in brief detail, the particular plan contemplated by the Association which you represent. It should be kept steadily in view that your primary object is to educate young men for the ministry and that even when you admit others who do not avow this design, you aim at the same general object, by instilling into their minds the principles of virtue and piety, and thus preparing them for eminent usefulness, whether as gospel ministers, as statesmen, physicians, or school masters. To bring them under such an influence it is necessary to found an institution with ample means of instruction in the branches of literature proper to be taught. Then in order to carry into effect the Manual Labour System, you will have as the principle ingredient in the foundation, a farm of such a size as will furnish enough of all kinds of produce for the necessary consumption of the occupants. On this foundation you will project a variety of employments, such as gardening, joiner-work, and any other kind of business which may be found convenient and profitable. Some reasons may be urged, as they have been, in favour of particular arts, to the exclusion of farming. But your plan appears preferable for the following reasons.

1. It is not desirable that the institution should be much involved in traffic, which must be the case if it were chiefly occupied in arts which did not directly supply its wants.

2. It is desirable that such arts should be cultivated as will be generally useful to the students in after life, and with which many of them may have been previously acquainted.

3. If any particular art should be selected on account of the extraordinary profit which it would afford, there |

THE LOCATION, BUILDINGS, &c.

The families and stu

The place should be healthy-the reasons are sufficiently obvious. The soil should be of a good quality, capable of affording a liberal reward to the cultivator. The proximity of mills, a church, &c. may be worthy of consideration. The character of the neighbouring society may be regarded, but yet it is of less consequence than might appear at first view. dents of the school should form a society both pleasant and profitable within themselves, and the students will have little leisure to mingle much with others. It is to be hoped too, that their moral influence would be sensibly felt in the neighbouring places. Commercial advantages are desirable, if they can be had consistently with more important considerations, such as health, quietness, sufficient ground for cultivation, and cheapness of accommodations and style of living. These things being properly weighed, will determine how near the city the place ought to be selected. Buildings should be provided for two families of Professors with some room for the entertainment of strangers. Students' dormitories should be so numerous as that each shall not contain more than two occupants. It will be necessary to have for the school a dining room and a recitation room.

Shops should also be provided to an indefinite extent. Besides farming utensils, and some for carpenter work, there should be procured several sets of bench tools. One bench might accommodate two individuals.

Stock for the farm, consisting of horses, cows, hogs, &c. must in the first instance be provided.

INTERNAL ORGANIZATION.

In order to conduct the plan, even on the smallest scale, there should be two professors, so that in the absence of one, the other should be on the ground, and that the different branches of instruction by being divided may be more thoroughly taught. It is requisite that they should be good scholars and practical instructors and that they should be acquainted with manual labour, that they may in every respect be useful to their pupils. Unless they are acquainted with the business of farming, much loss and expense must be sustained in that department. Two professors thus qualified, may be able to con duct an extensive establishment, by the aid of tutors and temporary assistants, in the department of instruction, as well as in those of agriculture and the mechanic arts.

The students in their studies, may be classed according to their attainments, and the same principle may be observed with regard to their exercise.

Reasonable charges may be made for their tution, fuel, light, washing, room, &c. unless so far as these expenses

may be covered by the avails of labour. There should its moral and religious influence, it may inculcate the be in the institution a Registrar or accountant, acquaint-purest and most elevated principles of moral rectitude, ed with practical book keeping, who shall keep an accu- By these advantages combined, we may anticipate the rate account of all its incomes and expenditures. formation of the most excellent and useful characters. All which is respectfully submitted, JOHN MONTEITH, Agent. Philadelphia, Dec. 11, 1828.

The instructors with their families may receive board, in kind, the same as that of the students, providing at their own expense whatever they require more. This Board, with their house rent, and the fees of the students, will probably be an adequate compensation; which, however, will be ascertained and regulated by the Trustees.

I shall close this report by adding

A STATEMENT OF THE GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF THE
SYSTEM.

1. It is economical. This is so obvious from its prominent and characteristic features, that it needs no proof, since it is self-evident that labour is more productive than idleness. But besides it is rendered still more economical by being extended so as to embrace a large number who are engaged in the same pursuits. The expense of each individual decreases with the increase of the whole number.

2. It will afford superior advantages for improvement chiefly from the circumstance just mentioned of its being placed on a large scale. The mutual improvement of students under proper regulations, is greater where they are associated in a large number than in a small. The abundance and variety of their subjects of conversation are increased; there is a wider field of observation upon human character, and the stimulus to effort and the sphere of action, like that of a little commonwealth is increased.

3. The characters of young men will be tried. The characters of youth, either as to intellect or moral habits are often for years unknown to others, and even to themselves. They are known only in some particular branches of study, for which perhaps they have a peculiar taste or aversion. Their capacities, in other respects, are yet to be developed, and will often exhibit a character very unlike what was anticipated. The advantage which this system possesses is, that by different employments which occupy nearly the whole time of the student, having numerous companions and coming into frequent interview with his instructors, he will in the midst of all these circumstances, exhibit so many points, that some correct idea may be formed of his character.

4. More young men of worth will be educated. It will bring forward numbers who have hitherto been kept back either by a want of resources, or by an aversion to the indolent or licentious habits, so often acquired in seminaries of learning-it will bring forward young men of genius and enterprise from the obscurity of indigence, and will induce plain men in moderate circumstances to give their sons a better education and render them more useful. See Dr. Alexander's Letter.*

5. It will promote an independent and enterprising spirit. It will exert this influence, either on the sons of wealth who would otherwise be enervated by luxury or on indigent youth, who might otherwise lean upon charity and acquire a habit of mean and servile dependence.

6. It will directly promote piety. Its leading feature will have this tendency, and this subject will no doubt be always kept in view by its annual guardians and its immediate conductors. Although the study of piety will not be the principal employment, yet this will be the cardinal point to which all other departments will have their ultimate reference, and to which they will be made subservient.

7. The plan is adapted to form the best characters. By the variety of employment, all the faculties of body and mind may be most successfully developed, and by

* See Register, vol. II. p. 257.

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In submitting the annual account of patients, with a statement of receipts and payments, the managers would remark that the usefulnes of the Institution has been rarely, if ever, more conspicuous than during the last year. On the western side of the city an unusual degree of sickness prevailed, especially in the autumnal months, and hundreds of industrious persons, whom disease for a time disqualified from earning the means of support, have not only been administered unto for their recovery, but by the timely and efficient aid of the Dispensary, were kept above permanent dependence, a condition into which they would no doubt otherwise have fallen.

The patrons of these effectual charities ought therefore to be gratified, under a conviction of the benefits. they have hitherto conferred, and encouraged to conti nue their support towards them, in the belief that they

1829.]

NUMBER OF JUSTICES-TAXABLES OF WAYNE COUNTY.

may in future be a providential means of imparting succour to the sick and the afflicted.

The annual contributions, donations, and legacies of the charitable, will be received as usual, by the Treasurer, Joseph M. Paul. No. 316 Mulberry street-at the Dispensary, in Fifth between Chesnut and Walnut sts. -and by all the Managers.

Published by direction of the Board of Managers.
WM. WHITE, President.

Caspar Wistar, Secretary.
Philadelphia, Dec. 13, 1828.

Damask Table Linen.-Mr. Hamilton Stewart, of Pittsburg, has commenced the manufacture of Damask Table Linen; the Stateman, of that city observes, that "the Table Cloths are extremely neat, and what is of equal importance, they are very cheap, and of a texture that will insure service and durability. In weaving the cloth, the threads are so arranged and managed, that almost any figure, name, or letters can be made to appear in full view upon the surface."

TABLE,

Showing the number of Justices of the Peace living in each County of the State, from the report of a committee of the Legislature in 1824.

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32

45

52 32. Mercer

5. Bedford 6. Berks 7. Bradford 8. Bucks 9. Butler 10. Cambria 11. Centre 12. Chester 13. Clearfield

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53

31

65

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15

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1821 to 1828 Or an average of 59 per cent. for 14 years. The gentleman who furnished us with the above table, states, in reply to an inquiry on that subject—that Wayne county possesses no Iron Works, although it contains abundance of Iron Ore; its principal article of ex55 port is Lumber. We are happy to learn from him that 63 he is engaged in compiling a work, which is intended to embrace the topography, geology, and botany, of 66 Wayne County, together with such other information as 34 may be deemed useful respecting that county. The 14 work will contain 14 maps, the plates of which are in the hands of an engraver in this city, and nearly com22 pleted-it will be published in the course of the winter. 26 We hope his example will be imitated by gentlemen in 20 other counties; it is from those who reside in the inte33 rior, that we must expect to be furnished with the most correct information of that section of the state.

37

4

46

APPOINTMENTS BY THE MAYOR.

31 | 46. Venango

19

54 47. Warren

11

60 48. Washington

90

22. Greene

24. Indiana

35 49. Wayne

17

23. Huntingdon

59

50. Westmoreland

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23 51. York

83

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25. Jefferson

4

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George W. Williams

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Henry Benner-Superintendent of the Southern District.

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John Carlisle, Clerk of Second street market.
Samuel Taylor, Clerk of Broad street market.
John McLean,

James W. Hutchinson, High Constables.

William Barger-Captain of the Nightly Watch. Jacob Zeller-Lieutenant of the Nightly Watch. Benjamin Duncan-Corder at the Drawbridge. William Ogden-Deputy Corder at the Drawbridge. William Stephens-Collector of the Water Rents. John Trout-Collector of the City Taxes for Upper Delaware and North Mulberry Wards.

Jobn Hoskins-Collector for Lower Delaware and South Mulberry Wards.

Ennion Williams-Collector for High street Ward.

2108

William Bozorth-Collector for North Ward.
William Davis-Collector for Chestnut Ward.

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