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105; governor of South Caro- |
lina, 161; answers Jackson's
proclamation, 161.

Hill, Isaac, in kitchen cabinet,
51, 52; and bank, 121.
Houston, Samuel, in Texas, 212.
Hunkers," 270.

ILLINOIS, Population (1830),
9; federal aid, 135; Black
Hawk War, 181; politics,

272.

Immigration, increase, 10.
Impeachment of Judge Peck,

250-252.
Implied powers, development
of doctrine, 107.
Indian country, 6.
Indian territory created, 179.
Indiana, population (1830), 9;
politics, 272.

Indians, Florida raids, 21;
lands in south (1825), 169,
170; Georgia and Cherokees,
170, 173-177; Jackson's
policy, 171-173, 178-181; re-
moval of southern, 173, 179,
180; not foreign nations, 174;
rights under Constitution,
176; extinguishment of title,
180; opposition to removal,
180; Black Hawk War, 181;
Seminole War, 182; bureau
organized, 246; expenses of
department, 276; bibliog-
raphy, 326.
Ingham, S. D., secretary of

treasury, 48, 49; resigns, 127.
Intellectual life (1830), 14.
Internal improvements and
Union, 12; Whig creed, 35;
Jackson's congressional rec-
ord, 38; Jackson's views, 45,
137-139, 146, 310; southern
protest, 81; beginning of
federal aid, 134; develop-
ment, 134; Madison's and
Monroe's vetoes, 135; and
American system, 136;

amount of federal appro-
priation, 136, 142; Maysville
road veto, 139-141; other
vetoes by Jackson, 139-141;
reception of vetoes, 143, 144;
aid for railroads, 145; Jack-
son checks, 146; state aid,
264, 273; land grants, 277;
Clay's distribution bill, 279-
281; bibliography, 323. See
also Canals, Railroads.
Interposition. See Nullification.

JACKSON, ANDREW, pre-presi-
dential years: ancestry and
youth, 16; lawyer, 16; early
public career, 17; and Burr,
17, 29; in War of 1812, 18;
rule in New Orleans, 18;
fined, 19; and Scott, 20; in-
vasion of Florida, 21-23; and
Georgia, 23; question of cen-
suring, 23-25, 123; governor
of Florida, 25; presidential
timber, 28, 29; candidacy
(1824), 29, 30; spreads cor-
rupt bargain" cry, 30; ele-
ments of leadership, 31-33,
40; elements of support, 33-
35; candidacy (1828), 36–38;
congressional record, 38, 68;
and Anti-Masons, 39; imputa-
tions upon, 39; vote for, 40,
41; meaning of election, 42;
triumphal journey, 43.

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As president: inauguration,
43; address, 44-46; breach
with Adams, 46; and Cal-
houn, 46, 123-125; cabinet,
46-50, 126-128, 252; kitchen
cabinet, 51-54; appointment
of congressmen to office, 55,
61; removals, 56-61; re-
sponsibility for spoils system,
65; first annual message, 90-
92; opposition to bank, 112,
119-122, 125, 218; candidate
for re-election, 127, 149, 183,
186, 195; bank veto, 130-133;

and internal improvements,
137-147; Maysville veto, 139,
140; and distribution of sur-
plus, 138, 143, 255; and
nullification, 155, 159; proc-
lamation to South Carolina,
159-161;
Indian policy,

171-173, 178-181; and Van
Buren, 190, 198; re-elected,
197; foreign policy, 200, 217;
and West Indies trade, 202-
204; and French claims, 204-
208; and Texas, 212-216;
and Mexican claims, 216;
considers bank unsound, 220,
221; removes deposits, 221-
230; eastern tour, 223; de-
fence of removals, 225, 231,
236; censure by Senate, 232-
234; protests censure, 234-
236; censure expunged, 238;
and government of District
of Columbia, 243; and de-
partmental reforms, 244-
247; and state interests, 257;
public land policy, 280;
pocket veto of distribution
bill, 281, 282; and paper
money, 284-286; specie cir-
cular, 286-289; veto of cur-
rency bill, 291; and election
of 1836, 292, 293; farewell
address, 303; in retirement,
304; death, 305; bibliography
of period, 316-322; biogra-
phies, 317; papers, 319.

Traits and opinions: char-
acter, 25, 123; theory of
cabinet, 50, 226-228, 308;
and public opinion, 53, 311;
on partisan appointments,
55, 58; on limited term of
office, 61; on power of re-
movals, 64, 65; on tariff, 91,
92, 151, 153, 158, 310; on
bank, 112; on supreme court,
116, 131, 132, 177, 178, 248;|
financial ignorance, 120, 130,
221, 310; strict construction-

ist, 137, 138, 185, 312; on
internal improvements, 137,
138, 310; federal toast, 149;
on nullification, 152; political
erraticalness, 178; on presi-
dential term, 183, 241; on
separation of powers, 232,
236, 312; watchfulness, 241;
on slavery, 304; varied esti-
mates, 306; training, 307;
influence of military life,
307; temper, 307; purity, 307;
dignity, 307; literary style,
308; quarrels, 308; no judge
of men, 308; leader of mass,
309; deterioration, 309; self-
consciousness, 309; idolized,
309; state papers, 309; sure
intuition, 310; and political
organization, 313; promotes
democracy, 315.

Jefferson, Thomas, and civil
service, 54.

Johnson, R. M., vice-presiden-
tial candidate, 297, 303;
Senate chooses, 303.
Judiciary, extension of circuit
courts, 249; appeal to federal
courts, 249, 251; impeach-
ment of Peck, 250-252; limi-
tation on contempt proceed-
ings, 251; changes in state,
261-266; jealousy of state,
267. See also Supreme

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for, 303.

LEE, HENRY, manages Jack-Mallary, R.C., woolens bill, 67.
son's canvass, 37; and Jack- Mangum, W. P., electoral vote
son's inaugural, 44; electoral
votes for, 197.
Legaré, H. S., and tariff of
1828, 83.
Legislature, state, constitution-
al changes, 261-266; term
lengthened, 267. See also
Congress.

Lewis, W. B., manages Jack-
son's canvass, 29, 37; and
Jackson's inaugural, 44; in
kitchen cabinet, 51.
Lincoln, Levi, and railroads,
270.
Livingston, Edward, secretary
of state, 128; nullification
proclamation, 160; minister
to France, 206, 207.
Local government, character
(1830), 14. See also Cities.
"Loco-Focos," 270.
Louaillier, Louis, and Jackson,

19.

Louisiana, population (1830),

9; politics and sugar, 273.
Louisiana purchase, west boun-
dary, 6, 211.
Lowndes, William, tariff of
1816, 72.

MCCULLOCH vs. Maryland, 115,
131.

McDuffie, George, and tariff,
83; and bank, 122, 130; and
force bill, 166.
McLean, John, appointed jus-
tice, 48; presidential candi-
date, 298.
McLean, Louis, secretary of
treasury, 128; and West
Indies trade, 202-204; and
bank, 220, 222, 228; secre-
tary of state, 223, 252; on
public lands, 280.

Madison, James, veto of bonus
bill, 135..
Maine politics, 271.

Vor XV.-22

Manufactures, displace trade in
New England, 15; wool, 271.
Marcy, W. L., politician, 269.
Marshall, John, on implied

powers, 108; doctrine of the
people," 108; on bank, 115;
and Cherokees, 175-177; and
Jackson, 177, 178; death,
248.

Maryland politics, 272.
Maryland vs. Bank, 114.
Mason, Jeremiah, branch bank,

121.

Massachusetts, population
(1830), 9; political organiza-
tion, 269; established church
abolished, 267, 268; wool
manufacture, 271; savings-
bank regulations, 271; school
fund, 271; aid for railroads,
271; politics, 272, 299.
Maynard, W. H., politician,
269.

Maysville road veto, 139.
Mecklenberg, tonnage duties,

210.

Mexico, commercial treaty, 210,

213; independence, 212; anti-
slavery, 212; claims against,
216. See also Texas.
Michigan, territorial boundary,
5; admission, 5, 257-259;
population (1830, 1840), 9;
Ohio boundary, 258; alien
suffrage, 258; constitution,
262; electoral vote (1836),
302.

Militia, reforms, 247:
Mississippi, population (1830),
9; tariff protest, 88; Indian
lands (1825), 169; incor-
porates Indians, 173; con-
stitution (1832), 264; poli-
tics, 273.
Missouri enlarged, 7.

Money, coinage act (1834),

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284; branch mints, 284. See | Northwest Territory, states

also Paper money.
Monroe, James, and Jackson's
Florida expedition, 21, 23,
24, 123; veto of road bill, 136.
Morgan, William, disappear-
ance, 39, 192.

Morocco, commercial treaty,

210.

Muscat, commercial treaty, 210.

See

NATIONAL REPUBLICANS.
Whig.
Negroes, free, rights in Tennes-
see, 265; in North Carolina,

266.
New England, and westward
migration, 11; manufactur-
ing displaces trade, 15; and
tariff of 1828, 68, 69, 72; and
public lands, 95. See also
states by name.

New Hampshire politics, 271.
New Jersey politics, 272.
New Orleans, population (1830),
10; Jackson's rule, 18.
New York, population (1830),

8; salt revenue, 267; political
organization, 268; Albany
regency, 269; favors pro-
tection, 269; bank and canal
issues, 270; party factions,
270; aids railroads,
prison system, 275.
New York City, population
(1830), 10; and Erie Canal,

12.

270;

Newspapers in campaign of
1828, 37; of period 1829-
1837, 322.
Nominating conventions, na-
tional, first, 193-196; adop-
tion of system, 268; Demo-
cratic two-thirds rule, 195,
297. See also Elections.
North Carolina, tariff protest,
82; constitutional amend-
ments (1835), 265; negro
rights, 266; politics, 272.

from, 5.

Nullification, tariff protests, 81-
84; Calhoun's exposition, 85,
86, 153; Hayne on, 97, 103;
Webster on, 99-101; view of
framers, 107, 108; real fal-
lacy, 110, 111; economic ar-
gument, III; reception of
Hayne's speech, 148; and se-
cession, 149, 153, 157; prog-
ress towards, 150-152; oppo-
sition, 150-152; and tariff of
1832, 154; convention called,
155; Jackson's measures
against, 155; convention and
ordinance, 156-158; legisla-
tion to effect, 158; Jackson's
proclamation, 159-161; an-
swer to proclamation, 161;
states condemn, 161; com-
promise tariff and force bill,
162-167; ordinance suspend-
ed, 162; rescinded, 167; of
force bill, 167; result, 167.

OFFICE, property qualifications
dropped, 264-266, 268; relig-
ious qualifications, 266. See
also Civil service, and offices
by name.

Ohio, population (1830), 9; in-
fluence of Erie Canal, 12;
and tariff, 72; federal grants,
135; Michigan boundary, 258;
politics, 272.

Oldenburg, tonnage duties, 210.
Onis, Luis de, and Jackson,

23.

Oregon, joint occupation, 211.
Overton, John, manages Jack-
son's canvass, 37.

PAPER money (bank notes),
branch - bank drafts, 114;
Jackson's policy, 284, 285;
variety, 286; restrictions on
small notes, 286, 287, 290; in-
flation, 286; specie circular,

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Poinsett, J. R., and tariff of
1828, 83; in Mexico, 213;

papers, 319.
Politics, early uniformity, 3;
balance of power moves west-
ward, 9, 314; rise of democ-
гасу, 32, 42; conditions
(1820-1830), 4, 69; influence
of tariff, 70; cleavage (1832),
185; convention system, 193-
196, 268; growth of organiza-
tion, 268, 313; ballots, 268;
state issues and divisions,
269-273; bibliography, 327.
See also Elections, Suffrage,
and parties by name.
Polk, J. K., on Maysville road
bill, 139; and bank, 220;
diary, 319.

Pope, John, and Jackson's
cabinet, 48.
Population (1830), 7; (1840), 7;
separate states (1830), 8;
urban (1830, 1840), 9; race
elements, 10.

Portugal, relations with, 209;

General Armstrong claims, 209.
Post-office department, abuses,

245; reorganization, 246.
President, popular election de-
manded, 33, 37, 40; power of
removals, 54, 62, 64, 65;
amendment of term urged,

183, 241; qualifications of
electors, 301, 302; Jackson
restores prestige, 232, 236,
312. See also Elections, and
presidents by name.
Prison systems, 275; reforma-
tories, 275.

Prussia, commercial treaty, 210.
Public lands, Foot's resolution
(1830), 92-95, 278; land

office reorganized, 246, 276;
grants, 260, 277; system, 276;
price, 277-279, 283; sales,
277; revenue, 277, 285; liberal
policy, 277; and tariff, 278;
distribution schemes, 278-
284; Jackson's policy, 280;
speculation, 285; payment in
bank-notes, 286; specie cir-
cular, 287-291; bibliography,
324.

QUAKERS protest removal of
Indians, 180.

RABUN, WILLIAM, and Jackson,
23.

Race elements (1840), 10.
Railroads, first passenger, 12;
projected (1830), 12; federal
aid, 145; state aid, 270; bibli-
ography, 324.
Randolph, John, and Clay, 40;
minister to Russia, 252.
Reformatories, 275.
Religion, qualification for office,

266; Massachusetts establish-
ed church abolished, 267,
268; democratic impulse, 275.
Revenue, distribution of sur-
plus, 91, 138, 143, 254, 255,
284; increase, 277; land, 277;
distribution of surplus, and
specie circular, 288; bibli-
ography, 324.

Rhode Island, attempted con-
stitution (1835), 266.
Richmond, population (1830),

IO.

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