105; governor of South Caro- | lina, 161; answers Jackson's proclamation, 161.
Hill, Isaac, in kitchen cabinet, 51, 52; and bank, 121. Houston, Samuel, in Texas, 212. Hunkers," 270.
ILLINOIS, Population (1830), 9; federal aid, 135; Black Hawk War, 181; politics,
Immigration, increase, 10. Impeachment of Judge Peck,
250-252. Implied powers, development of doctrine, 107. Indian country, 6. Indian territory created, 179. Indiana, population (1830), 9; politics, 272.
Indians, Florida raids, 21; lands in south (1825), 169, 170; Georgia and Cherokees, 170, 173-177; Jackson's policy, 171-173, 178-181; re- moval of southern, 173, 179, 180; not foreign nations, 174; rights under Constitution, 176; extinguishment of title, 180; opposition to removal, 180; Black Hawk War, 181; Seminole War, 182; bureau organized, 246; expenses of department, 276; bibliog- raphy, 326. Ingham, S. D., secretary of
treasury, 48, 49; resigns, 127. Intellectual life (1830), 14. Internal improvements and Union, 12; Whig creed, 35; Jackson's congressional rec- ord, 38; Jackson's views, 45, 137-139, 146, 310; southern protest, 81; beginning of federal aid, 134; develop- ment, 134; Madison's and Monroe's vetoes, 135; and American system, 136;
amount of federal appro- priation, 136, 142; Maysville road veto, 139-141; other vetoes by Jackson, 139-141; reception of vetoes, 143, 144; aid for railroads, 145; Jack- son checks, 146; state aid, 264, 273; land grants, 277; Clay's distribution bill, 279- 281; bibliography, 323. See also Canals, Railroads. Interposition. See Nullification.
JACKSON, ANDREW, pre-presi- dential years: ancestry and youth, 16; lawyer, 16; early public career, 17; and Burr, 17, 29; in War of 1812, 18; rule in New Orleans, 18; fined, 19; and Scott, 20; in- vasion of Florida, 21-23; and Georgia, 23; question of cen- suring, 23-25, 123; governor of Florida, 25; presidential timber, 28, 29; candidacy (1824), 29, 30; spreads cor- rupt bargain" cry, 30; ele- ments of leadership, 31-33, 40; elements of support, 33- 35; candidacy (1828), 36–38; congressional record, 38, 68; and Anti-Masons, 39; imputa- tions upon, 39; vote for, 40, 41; meaning of election, 42; triumphal journey, 43.
As president: inauguration, 43; address, 44-46; breach with Adams, 46; and Cal- houn, 46, 123-125; cabinet, 46-50, 126-128, 252; kitchen cabinet, 51-54; appointment of congressmen to office, 55, 61; removals, 56-61; re- sponsibility for spoils system, 65; first annual message, 90- 92; opposition to bank, 112, 119-122, 125, 218; candidate for re-election, 127, 149, 183, 186, 195; bank veto, 130-133;
and internal improvements, 137-147; Maysville veto, 139, 140; and distribution of sur- plus, 138, 143, 255; and nullification, 155, 159; proc- lamation to South Carolina, 159-161; Indian policy,
171-173, 178-181; and Van Buren, 190, 198; re-elected, 197; foreign policy, 200, 217; and West Indies trade, 202- 204; and French claims, 204- 208; and Texas, 212-216; and Mexican claims, 216; considers bank unsound, 220, 221; removes deposits, 221- 230; eastern tour, 223; de- fence of removals, 225, 231, 236; censure by Senate, 232- 234; protests censure, 234- 236; censure expunged, 238; and government of District of Columbia, 243; and de- partmental reforms, 244- 247; and state interests, 257; public land policy, 280; pocket veto of distribution bill, 281, 282; and paper money, 284-286; specie cir- cular, 286-289; veto of cur- rency bill, 291; and election of 1836, 292, 293; farewell address, 303; in retirement, 304; death, 305; bibliography of period, 316-322; biogra- phies, 317; papers, 319.
Traits and opinions: char- acter, 25, 123; theory of cabinet, 50, 226-228, 308; and public opinion, 53, 311; on partisan appointments, 55, 58; on limited term of office, 61; on power of re- movals, 64, 65; on tariff, 91, 92, 151, 153, 158, 310; on bank, 112; on supreme court, 116, 131, 132, 177, 178, 248;| financial ignorance, 120, 130, 221, 310; strict construction-
ist, 137, 138, 185, 312; on internal improvements, 137, 138, 310; federal toast, 149; on nullification, 152; political erraticalness, 178; on presi- dential term, 183, 241; on separation of powers, 232, 236, 312; watchfulness, 241; on slavery, 304; varied esti- mates, 306; training, 307; influence of military life, 307; temper, 307; purity, 307; dignity, 307; literary style, 308; quarrels, 308; no judge of men, 308; leader of mass, 309; deterioration, 309; self- consciousness, 309; idolized, 309; state papers, 309; sure intuition, 310; and political organization, 313; promotes democracy, 315.
Jefferson, Thomas, and civil service, 54.
Johnson, R. M., vice-presiden- tial candidate, 297, 303; Senate chooses, 303. Judiciary, extension of circuit courts, 249; appeal to federal courts, 249, 251; impeach- ment of Peck, 250-252; limi- tation on contempt proceed- ings, 251; changes in state, 261-266; jealousy of state, 267. See also Supreme
LEE, HENRY, manages Jack-Mallary, R.C., woolens bill, 67. son's canvass, 37; and Jack- Mangum, W. P., electoral vote son's inaugural, 44; electoral votes for, 197. Legaré, H. S., and tariff of 1828, 83. Legislature, state, constitution- al changes, 261-266; term lengthened, 267. See also Congress.
Lewis, W. B., manages Jack- son's canvass, 29, 37; and Jackson's inaugural, 44; in kitchen cabinet, 51. Lincoln, Levi, and railroads, 270. Livingston, Edward, secretary of state, 128; nullification proclamation, 160; minister to France, 206, 207. Local government, character (1830), 14. See also Cities. "Loco-Focos," 270. Louaillier, Louis, and Jackson,
Louisiana, population (1830),
9; politics and sugar, 273. Louisiana purchase, west boun- dary, 6, 211. Lowndes, William, tariff of 1816, 72.
MCCULLOCH vs. Maryland, 115, 131.
McDuffie, George, and tariff, 83; and bank, 122, 130; and force bill, 166. McLean, John, appointed jus- tice, 48; presidential candi- date, 298. McLean, Louis, secretary of treasury, 128; and West Indies trade, 202-204; and bank, 220, 222, 228; secre- tary of state, 223, 252; on public lands, 280.
Madison, James, veto of bonus bill, 135.. Maine politics, 271.
Manufactures, displace trade in New England, 15; wool, 271. Marcy, W. L., politician, 269. Marshall, John, on implied
powers, 108; doctrine of the people," 108; on bank, 115; and Cherokees, 175-177; and Jackson, 177, 178; death, 248.
Maryland politics, 272. Maryland vs. Bank, 114. Mason, Jeremiah, branch bank,
Massachusetts, population (1830), 9; political organiza- tion, 269; established church abolished, 267, 268; wool manufacture, 271; savings- bank regulations, 271; school fund, 271; aid for railroads, 271; politics, 272, 299. Maynard, W. H., politician, 269.
Maysville road veto, 139. Mecklenberg, tonnage duties,
Mexico, commercial treaty, 210,
213; independence, 212; anti- slavery, 212; claims against, 216. See also Texas. Michigan, territorial boundary, 5; admission, 5, 257-259; population (1830, 1840), 9; Ohio boundary, 258; alien suffrage, 258; constitution, 262; electoral vote (1836), 302.
Militia, reforms, 247: Mississippi, population (1830), 9; tariff protest, 88; Indian lands (1825), 169; incor- porates Indians, 173; con- stitution (1832), 264; poli- tics, 273. Missouri enlarged, 7.
Money, coinage act (1834),
284; branch mints, 284. See | Northwest Territory, states
also Paper money. Monroe, James, and Jackson's Florida expedition, 21, 23, 24, 123; veto of road bill, 136. Morgan, William, disappear- ance, 39, 192.
Morocco, commercial treaty,
Muscat, commercial treaty, 210.
NATIONAL REPUBLICANS. Whig. Negroes, free, rights in Tennes- see, 265; in North Carolina,
266. New England, and westward migration, 11; manufactur- ing displaces trade, 15; and tariff of 1828, 68, 69, 72; and public lands, 95. See also states by name.
New Hampshire politics, 271. New Jersey politics, 272. New Orleans, population (1830), 10; Jackson's rule, 18. New York, population (1830),
8; salt revenue, 267; political organization, 268; Albany regency, 269; favors pro- tection, 269; bank and canal issues, 270; party factions, 270; aids railroads, prison system, 275. New York City, population (1830), 10; and Erie Canal,
Newspapers in campaign of 1828, 37; of period 1829- 1837, 322. Nominating conventions, na- tional, first, 193-196; adop- tion of system, 268; Demo- cratic two-thirds rule, 195, 297. See also Elections. North Carolina, tariff protest, 82; constitutional amend- ments (1835), 265; negro rights, 266; politics, 272.
Nullification, tariff protests, 81- 84; Calhoun's exposition, 85, 86, 153; Hayne on, 97, 103; Webster on, 99-101; view of framers, 107, 108; real fal- lacy, 110, 111; economic ar- gument, III; reception of Hayne's speech, 148; and se- cession, 149, 153, 157; prog- ress towards, 150-152; oppo- sition, 150-152; and tariff of 1832, 154; convention called, 155; Jackson's measures against, 155; convention and ordinance, 156-158; legisla- tion to effect, 158; Jackson's proclamation, 159-161; an- swer to proclamation, 161; states condemn, 161; com- promise tariff and force bill, 162-167; ordinance suspend- ed, 162; rescinded, 167; of force bill, 167; result, 167.
OFFICE, property qualifications dropped, 264-266, 268; relig- ious qualifications, 266. See also Civil service, and offices by name.
Ohio, population (1830), 9; in- fluence of Erie Canal, 12; and tariff, 72; federal grants, 135; Michigan boundary, 258; politics, 272.
Oldenburg, tonnage duties, 210. Onis, Luis de, and Jackson,
Oregon, joint occupation, 211. Overton, John, manages Jack- son's canvass, 37.
PAPER money (bank notes), branch - bank drafts, 114; Jackson's policy, 284, 285; variety, 286; restrictions on small notes, 286, 287, 290; in- flation, 286; specie circular,
Poinsett, J. R., and tariff of 1828, 83; in Mexico, 213;
papers, 319. Politics, early uniformity, 3; balance of power moves west- ward, 9, 314; rise of democ- гасу, 32, 42; conditions (1820-1830), 4, 69; influence of tariff, 70; cleavage (1832), 185; convention system, 193- 196, 268; growth of organiza- tion, 268, 313; ballots, 268; state issues and divisions, 269-273; bibliography, 327. See also Elections, Suffrage, and parties by name. Polk, J. K., on Maysville road bill, 139; and bank, 220; diary, 319.
Pope, John, and Jackson's cabinet, 48. Population (1830), 7; (1840), 7; separate states (1830), 8; urban (1830, 1840), 9; race elements, 10.
Portugal, relations with, 209;
General Armstrong claims, 209. Post-office department, abuses,
245; reorganization, 246. President, popular election de- manded, 33, 37, 40; power of removals, 54, 62, 64, 65; amendment of term urged,
183, 241; qualifications of electors, 301, 302; Jackson restores prestige, 232, 236, 312. See also Elections, and presidents by name. Prison systems, 275; reforma- tories, 275.
Prussia, commercial treaty, 210. Public lands, Foot's resolution (1830), 92-95, 278; land
office reorganized, 246, 276; grants, 260, 277; system, 276; price, 277-279, 283; sales, 277; revenue, 277, 285; liberal policy, 277; and tariff, 278; distribution schemes, 278- 284; Jackson's policy, 280; speculation, 285; payment in bank-notes, 286; specie cir- cular, 287-291; bibliography, 324.
QUAKERS protest removal of Indians, 180.
RABUN, WILLIAM, and Jackson, 23.
Race elements (1840), 10. Railroads, first passenger, 12; projected (1830), 12; federal aid, 145; state aid, 270; bibli- ography, 324. Randolph, John, and Clay, 40; minister to Russia, 252. Reformatories, 275. Religion, qualification for office,
266; Massachusetts establish- ed church abolished, 267, 268; democratic impulse, 275. Revenue, distribution of sur- plus, 91, 138, 143, 254, 255, 284; increase, 277; land, 277; distribution of surplus, and specie circular, 288; bibli- ography, 324.
Rhode Island, attempted con- stitution (1835), 266. Richmond, population (1830),
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