4096 shall be at least 12 inches, both based on the forward facing surface that can be contacted by the head of the occupant. The top of the headrest shall be at least 25 incher above the "H" point of the three dimensional manikin (SAE J826). S3.3.2 The headrest, including any supporting structure that can be contacted by the head of an occupant of the vehicle, shall be constructed of or covered with a material of impact-absorbing qualities on all outer surfaces. S3.3.3 Structural deflection of the headrest resulting from contact in rear-end collisions is allowable, except that rebound action shall be minimized. The headrest and its supporting structure shall have sufficient strength to withstand a force no less than 200 pounds in either fore or aft direction without structural failure, although a limited amount of permanent distortion is permissible. [Federal Standard No. 515/23] SIDE MARKER DEVICES FOR AUTOMOTIVE S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements for side marker systems to assure notice and recognition of vehicles from lateral positions during darkness and inclement weather. 82. Application. This standard applies to sedans, carryalls, and station wagons 83. Requirements. The side marker systems shall consist of either an independent electrical system or an electrical system, in combination with or utilizing head and/or tail lamps, or a reflective system, or a combination of both electrical and reflective systems. The side marker device housings or mounting plates shall be antirust material, or sufficiently plated or finish coated to be noncorrosive. As applicable, these requirements shall conform to the Uniform Vehicle Code, Chapter 12. The lateral included angles of visibility of the side markers shall be from the lateral angle toward the front of the vehicle when head lamps are no longer visible, to the lateral angle toward the rear of the vehicle when tall lamps become visible. 83.1 Electrical side marker devices. The electrical side marker system shall be securely mounted. The system lamps shall be a minimum of one at or near the front and one at or near the rear edges on each side of the vehicle. The mounting height shall be not less than 16 inches measured from the center of such lamp to the level ground upon which the vehicle stands without a load. The electric side marker lamp colors shall be white to amber for the front and red for the rear and they shall be steady burning simultaneously with the head and tail lamps and parking lamps. The electric lamps shall be capable of being distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions and at the time lights are required to provide recognition at all distances between 500 and 50 feet from the PROPOSED RULE MAKING lateral sides of the vehicle. Minimum photometric candlepower shall be in accordance with table 1, SAE Standard J592. 83.2 Reflective side marker devices. The reflective side marker devices shall be securely mounted two on each side, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear edge of the fenders or body of the vehicle, as applicable. The reflective devices shall be mounted at a minimum height of 16 inches measured from the center of the device to the level ground upon which the vehicle stands without load. Reflective devices shall be of such size and have such characteristics as to be readily visible at night time from all distances and at the lateral angles specified within 600 feet to 100 feet from the vehicle when illuminated by the beams of head lamps of the observer's vehicle. Minimum candlepower reflectance measurement shall be in accordance with class A, SAE Standard J594c. S3.2.1 Reflective device colors. The color of the reflective devices shall be white to amber for the front and red for the rear of the vehicle. S3.3 Electrical and reflective side marker devices. The electrical and reflective type side marker device, when combined, shall conform to the preceding paragraphs. [Federal Standard No. 515/24] REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER FOR AUTOMOTIVE S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements for rear window defogging, designed to achieve the most practical vision through the rear window. S2. Application. This standard applies to sedans. S3. Requirements. The rear window defogger system shall be permanently installed, to provide for the removal of fog from inside the rear window caused by atmospheric conditions and passenger loading conditions, in the vehicle. The system shall be of a capacity to clear a minimum area of 75 percent of the operators viewed area of the rear window as reflected in the rear view mirror. S3.1 Testing. The defogger system shall remove fogging under any atmospheric condition and with full passenger loading within a 10-minute period. [Federal Standard No. 515/25] ROLL BARS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements and test procedures for roll bars installed on specific automotive vehicles to afford a reasonable degree of occupant protection in a rollover. 82. Application. This standard applies to light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. of the utility type with open bodies, and those with enclosures made of canvas, metal, fiber glass, or plastic. 83. Requirements. The roll bar shall be designed for each manufacturer's product to establish the width, height, clearances, and proper strengths of the structural members required. The roll bar shall be constructed to guard the operator and passenger compartment, or compartments, within a rigidly attached structural bar unit assembly. The strength and size shall be as required for each vehicle type and weight with the specified number of occupants for which the vehicle is designed to be used and for their maximum protection without critical deformation or critical encroachment on the operator or passenger compartments. To the extent practical, the roll bar structure shall be located to preclude contact by the heads of belted occupants. If this is not possible, the roll bars shall be covered with energy absorbing cushioning material. The roll bar structure designs shall not impair the vehicle operator's vision or body movements while operating the vehicle. Unless otherwise specified, vehicle manufacturers may eliminate a fold down windshield on the utility truck and incorporate a new designed fixed windshield strengthened to become part of a roll bar structure. 83.1 Testing. The testing requirements for the area of critical encroachment shall be measured from the "H" point of a manikin with "H" point to top-of-head dimension of 33 inches. Performance requires a manikin. seat belt restrained, for each passenger and operator position in the vehicle and with the vehicle tested to the SAE Recommended Practice of SAE J857. For the hill rollover test, specific speed of 50 miles per hour shall be used. [Federal Standard No. 515/26] FUEL TANKS AND TANK FILLER PIPES FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements for the integrity and security of fuel tanks and tank filler pipes for automotive vehicles. 82. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, station wagons, carryalls, and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. Excluded are utility vehicles of the threewheel type. 83. Standard characteristics. The SAE Recommended Practice for Barrier Collision Tests, SAE J850 forms the basis for section S3.1 of this standard as modified in S3.1.1. 83.1 Fuel tanks and tank filler pipes shall be constructed so that they will not rupture. be totally displaced from installed positions, or discharge fuel from the filler pipe, under any condition of tank capacity loading, when subjected to longitudinal and/or lateral acceleration/deceleration forces developed at their installed position, during the SAE J850 barrier collision test at 30 miles per hour 83.1.1 Other testing methods, such as high capacity acceleration facilities, giving equivalent results, may be utilized in lieu of the SAE J850 barrier collision test. [F.R. Doc. 66-2473; Filed, Mar. 7, 1966; 9:36 a.m.] AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY STANDARDS PROJECT PLANNING PROPOSED AREAS FOR INVESTIGATION 1. Removal of the package shelf behind the rear seat or redesign to prevent dislocation of items placed thereon. 2. A forward fire wall design to deflect the engine downward in collision. 3. A trunk-passenger compartment bulkhead design to prevent movement of heavy items in trunk into passenger compartment. 4. Padding of the entire roof to minimize occupant injury. 5. Steering system to minimize injury or prevent contact by vehicle operator. 6. Relocation of transmission selector lever or redesign as dial or buttons. 7. Removal or redesign of instrument panel to minimize injury to head and upper body. 8. Under surfaces of instrument panel which will protect lower limbs. 9. Knobs and levers to be completely recessed or to break away at minimum impact. 10. Increased absorption characteristics for cushioning materials. 11. Interior upholstering materials to be fire resistant. 12. Seat belts and hardware requiring minimum effort in use and release. 13. Strength in seat structures to support attachment of lap and shoulder belts. 14. Upper torso restraints of more effective and more easily used design. 15. Inertia reels for upper torso restraints to permit reasonable movement but remain effective in collision. 16. Load leveling suspensions to assure optimum vehicle attitude. 17. Increased impact absorption in bumper installations. 18. Windshields and other glass areas to absorb greater impact. 19. Impact absorption in body and frame for longitudinal impacts. 20. Impact absorption in body and frame for lateral impacts. 21. Strengthening of roof or addition of roll bars to prevent crushing and displacement. 22. Suspension stability in violent maneuvers. 23. Elimination of protuberances creating pedestrian hazards. 24. Wheel and hub covers to remain in place. 25. Knobs and levers which may be identified by feel. 26. Knobs and levers so located as to minimize confusion. 27. Safe steering design as related to oversteering and understeering. 28. Adequate feedback of front wheel positions in steering. 29. Positive return of steering to normal position. 30. Reduced force requirement in power steering failures. 31. Foot pedals to provide for minimum reaction time and confusion. 32. Floor mounted transmission selector lever to fold or break away under minimum impact situations. 33. Positive detents for each position of automatic transmission control. 34. Elimination of blind spots to the rear and increase of field to within 30 degrees of lateral on each side. 35. Maximum unobstructed forward view. 36. Increased wiped area of windshield. 37. Wipers for rear windows-particularly station wagons. 38. Increased defrosting capability, front and rear. 39. Reduction of reflection and glare on inside surfaces. 40. Reduction of reflection and glare on outside surfaces. 41. Vision, reflection and glare criteria based upon vision capabilities of older drivers. 42. Increased legibility of essential instruments. 43. Colors for lamps related to specific single purposes, i.e., braking, deceleration, turning, etc. 44. Tail lamp separation to assist in recognition of distances. 45. Lamp heights providing for recognition under congested situations. 46. Running lights for daytime use. 47. Parking lights or reflectors. 48. Lights to reveal that a preceding vehicle is decelerating when brakes are are not being used. 49. Backup lights to reveal to overtaking operators the vehicle mode of operation. 63-054 0-66-pt. 2- -30 50. Audible alarms to warn of a backing vehicle. 51. Side maker lamps or reflectors to establish presence in intersecting situations and boundaries in other situations. 52. Optimum service brake effectiveness. 53. Optimum parking brake effectiveness. 54. Development of systems to prevent brake locking. 55. Development of system to provide for brake application in event of operating failure (fail-safe). 56. Emergency brake systems designed for emergencies. 57. Positive directional control in emergency stops. 58. Minimum tire safety characteristics. 59. Determine effects of pressure increases on tires and vehicle handling. 60. Establish minimum traction requirements. 61. Means of reasonable continued operation in loss of tire air pressure. 62. Gasoline tanks which will not rupture. 63. Fire extinguishing devices in engine compartment. 64. Positive ventilation to prevent entry of engine and exhaust fumes. 65. Windshield wipers to remain effective at high speeds. 66. Interlocks to prevent vehicle operation with any door unlatched. 67. Wheel chocks for use in jacking operations. 68. Vacuum spoiler (station wagons, etc.). CURRENT FEDERAL SPECIFICATION FOR AUTOMOBILE TIRES Interim Federal Specification-Tires, Pneumatic, Vehicle and Portable Equipment This Interim Federal Specification was developed by the General Services Administration, Federal Supply Service, based upon currently available technical information. It is recommended that Federal agencies use it in procurement and forward recommendations for changes to the preparing activity. The General Services Administration has authorized Federal agencies to use this Interim Federal Specification as a valid exception to Federal Specification ZZ-T-381i dated August 6, 1957. 1. Scope, types, groups, classes, and sizes 1.1 Scope. This specification covers pneutmatic tires of the types sold commercially to the public for vehicle and portable equipment and of a quality as described herein. 1.2 Types, Groups, Classes and Sizes. 1.2.1 Types and Groups.-Pneumatic tires covered by this specification shall be of the following types and groups as specified in the invitation for bids: Type I.-High speed; highway Group 1.-Motorcycle and passenger car (conventional tires requiring tubes). 1 1 Group 1A.-Passenger car-tubeless tires (see 3.4.2.7). Group 1B.-Passenger car-nylon cord (conventional tires requiring Group 1C.-Passenger car-tubeless tires-nylon cord. Group 2A.-Light truck-tubeless tires. Group 2B.-Light truck-Nylon cord (conventional tires requiring tubes). 1 Group 2C.-Light truck-Tubeless tires-nylon cord. 1 Group 3.—Truck and bus (conventional tires requiring tubes). 1 Group 3B.-Truck and bus-nylon cord (conventional tires requiring tubes). 1 Group 3C.-Truck and Bus-Tubeless Tires-Nylon Cord (see 3.4.2.7) Type II.-Low Speed; highway and off the road. (See 3.8) Group 1.-Low-platform trailer tires. Group 2.-Agricultural tractor tires (appendix A & B). Group 2A.-Industrial tractor tires (appendix B). Group 3.-Tires for earth moving equipment. Group 3A.—Tires for earth moving equipment (tubeless). Group 4.-Road grader tires (conventional tires requiring tubes). Group 4A.-Road grader tires (Tubless) (See 3.4.2.7) 1 Tubeless and nylon tires are not commercially available in all sizes and from all manufacturers. 1.2.2 Classes.-Pneumatic tires shall be of the following classes as specified in the inivitation for bids: Class a.- -Tire sizes recommended for original equipment, Appendix A, (see 3.9.1). Class b.-Semi-obsolete tire sizes for replacement, Appendix B, (see 3.9.2). 1.2.3 Size.-Pneumatic tires shall be of the sizes listed in appendixes A and B, as specified in the invitation for bids. 2. Applicable specifications and standards 2.1 The following specifications and standards, of the issues in effect on date of invitation for bids, form a part of this specification: Federal Specifications: VV-T-81-Tags, Shipping and Stock. ZZ-I-550-Inner Tube, Pneumatic Tire (Automobiles, Trucks, Motorcycles, and Other Ground Vehicles). Federal Standards: Fed. Test Method Std. No. 601-Rubber: Sampling and Testing. (Activities outside the Federal Government may obtain copies of Federal Specifications and Standards as outlined under General Information in the Index of Federal Specifications and Standards and at the prices indicated in the Index. The Index, which includes cumulative monthly supplements as issued, is for sale on a subscription basis by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. (Single copies of this specification and other product specifications required by activities outside the Federal Government for bidding purposes are available without charge at the General Service Administration Regional Offices in Boston, New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, Mo., Dallas, Denver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. (Federal Government activities may obtain copies of Federal Specifications and Standards and the Index of Federal Specifications and Standards from established distribution points in their agencies.) Military Specifications: MIL-T-4-Tires, Tubes, and Flaps for Vehicles: Packaging and Pack ing of. Military Standards: MIL-STD-129-Marking for Shipment and Storage. (Copies of Military Specifications and Standards required by the contractor in connection with specific procurement functions should be obtained from the procuring activity or as directed by the contracting officer.) 2.2. The Yearbook of Tire and Rim Association, Inc., in effect on date of invitation for bids, except as hereinafter specified, shall form a part of this specification. 3. Requirements 3.1 Classification.-Type I tires furnished under this specification shall be first line tires as defined in 3.9.1. 3.2 Compound.-Pneumatic tires furnished under this specification shall be compounded from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a suitable combination thereof. 3.3 Design. The tires and all component parts thereof shall be designed to give satisfactory service when installed on vehicles or other tire-using equipment of the U.S. Government, and when operated under conditions for which they were designed. Servicing, adjustment, and replacement shall be readily accomplished under various field conditions. 3.4 Form and components. 3.4.1. Form 3.4.1.1 Conventional tires.-Each tire shall be of a form to enclose an inner tube containing air under pressure and conforming to the applicable requirements of Federal Specification ZZ-I-550. 3.4.1.2 Tubeless tires.-Each tire shall be of a form to satisfactorily contain air under pressure without an inner tube in accordance with commercial practice. (See 3.4.2.7). 3.4.1.3 All Tires shall properly fit standard rims recommended for the tires, inspected and approved by the Tire and Rim Association, Inc. 3.4.2 Component parts.-Each tire shall consist of component parts described in 3.4.2.1 to 3.4.2.5, inclusive, except that deviations therefrom in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice shall be permitted when such deviations result in a tire suitable for the intended purpose, and have been approved by the procuring agency. 3.4.2.1 Carcass.-The carcass shall consist of plies of rubberized cord of material suitable for the intended purpose. The carcass may be reinforced with breaker strips designed to improve impact resistance. Except when nylon cord tires are specified under type I, groups 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 3B and 3C, any type of tire cords may be used, at the option of the manufacturer, for passenger-car, light truck, and for 7.50-20-8 ply and smaller truck tires. Rayon cords or nylon cords shall be used for 7.50-20-10 ply and larger truck tires and for low platform trailer tires. Except when nylon cord tires are specified under type I, groups 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 3B and 3C, any type of tire cords may be used provided they are the manufacturer's regular production and otherwise meet the performance requirements of this specification. Type II group 3 Earthmoving tires shall use nylon cord only. 3.4.2.2 Tread and tread design.-The tread shall consist of a rubber compound, 3.2. The tread and tread design shall be suitable for minimizing skidding, resisting abrasion, and protecting the carcass from injury. Motorcycle tires shall have treads with nonskid elements extending down over the shoulders and providing adequate resistance to slipping when cornering. For Type I tires, the tread design shall be the manufacturers standard highway type, unless otherwise specified. For Type II tires, the tread design shall be the manufacturers standard tread design for the group specified. 3.4.2.3 Sidewall. The sidewall shall consist of a rubber compound, 3.2, and shall be designed to protect the carcass against abrasion or other injury, moisture, and weathering. 3.4.2.4 Bead.-The bead shall be of such construction as to anchor the tire firmly to the rim without slippage under normal operating conditions, and of such design as to fit Tire and Rim Association standard rims, to include both those described by present rim standards, 3.4.1, and those of earlier standards for rims which are still in service in large numbers. Beads of tubeless tires shall be of such construction and design as to effect a satisfactory air seal between the tire and rim. 3.4.2.5 Flaps.-When required, and unless otherwise specified, a flap of the current size shall be furnished in each tire. Flaps shall not be required for motorcycle tires, for tires mounted on drop-center or semi-drop-center rims. 3.4.2.5.1 Construction.-Flaps shall be of construction conforming to manufacturer's standard practice, of endless type and sufficient width, formed to approximate the contour of the tire beads and to fit the tire without buckling or wrinkling. 3.4.2.6 Balance limits. 3.4.2.6.1 On orders of 500 or more tires of any given size and type, all type I tires, groups 1 and 2, shall be properly balanced (table I) as a part of production. Type I, group 3 tires shall meet balance limits shown in table I, and acceptance or rejection shall be on the basis of table III. 3.4.2.6.2 Corrective methods.-Unbalance of tires beyond the limit in table I may be corrected with balance paint, cement, or patch permanently affixed to the inside of the tire. The balance paint or cement shall not adhere to the inner tube. Any patches used shall not chafe the inner tube. 3.4.2.7 Tubeless tires, type I, Groups 1A, 1C, 2A, 2C, 3A and 3C and Type II, Groups 3A and 4A. A tubeless tire shall incorporate carcass materials and construction to provide air retention equal to that of a conventional tire and tube. It shall otherwise conform to the requirements of this specification. 3.5 Tire (casing) marking. The manufacturer's name or trade-mark, the nominal size including ply or ply rating, and identification or serial number shall be branded on each tire. When nylon cord is specified, each tire shall be identified permanently and legibly on the sidewall of the tire with the name of the type of cord used. Tubeless tires shall be branded with the word "Tubleless." 3.6 Age of tires.-Tires furnished under this specification shall not be more than 6 months old on the date of shipment by the manufacturer when the shipment contains 50 or more tires, and not more than 12 months old when the shipment contains less than 50 tires. On orders of 500 or more tires of any given size, type and group, the year of manufacture shall be branded or permanently shown |