and widened to its outlet to little purpose. It seems likely that, after having been carried a few yards beyond the walls, the water dispersed itself underground.

"The material and the mode of construction are the same in this as in the examples before alluded to. The bulk of nearly all the walls is brick, but the south-western extremity of the building has nothing of the kind; and flint, with here and there an admixture of block-chalk and clunch, has been employed. The walls were not all carried up at one and the same time, those of stone, at the south-west extremity, having been inserted between cross walls, or added in extension of others of finished brick-work. There was no tie between the materials thus brought together; the junctions noticed were effected by sound workmanship, and were not concealed from view on the exterior. In connexion with this part of the subject, it may be well to remark that the quoins of several of the apertures and other portions of the walls were composed of large flanged tiles of a tapering form, and notched to fit together as a covering or coping. The abundance of this kind of material employed in the manner shown (see the accompanying illustrations), and also promiscuously in different parts of the building, besides the quantity mingled with the heaps of rubbish, cannot escape observation; neither may the fact that the flue-bricks, another description of material at hand for common purposes, were employed in the absence of plain tile-bricks; and in one of the drains, the inlet from the room was formed of a brick of this kind, as the most ready means of contracting the aperture. With these exceptions, there is nothing to remark with respect to the construction of the walls, or of the materials of which they are composed, that has not been noticed and described as occurring in other similar remains.

"The hypocaust was placed in the centre of the building; the baths occupied that portion of the north-east wing contiguous thereto; the remainder of this wing, with the entire length and breadth of the other member of the house over the hypocaust, furnace, and other underground spaces, having been occupied by the lodging-rooms.

"The level of the floors was not the same throughout; those over the hypocaust beyond the baths, embracing the greater portion of the interior, agree in this respect, as appears by the tessellated pavement, and the corresponding height of

the brick piers; but the rooms pertaining to the baths, which were once separated by solid walls, have their tessellated floors more or less sunk in the ground, as best suited the range of apartments to which they belonged. The floor of the bath-room, at the north-west angle, is 15 inches above the common level of the interior; the depth of the bath is 3 feet 9 inches; there being five steps of brick for descent to the same, and the walls of both being finished with a skirting of cement upon a core of brick. The floor of each is tessellated, formed of a hard white stone in small pieces, irregularly shapen, and laid, without attention to regularity or neatness, in a durable bed of concrete mortar, similar in composition to that with which all the interior walls, and also the unpaved floors, were covered. The chief ingredient is pulverised brick, overlaid with a thin lime-wash; and, in this instance, the adornment of painting was superadded, but it consists of nothing more than diagonal lines in spaces formed by vertical lines, a coarse performance by way of ornament. But the painted decorations of the walls which were destroyed, judging from the numerous well-finished fragments selected from among the ruins, must have been of a superior description. The colours retain their brilliancy, and the designs appear to have been of a highly enriched character.

"The plan of one of the baths resembles the letter D ; it is 9 feet wide, 6 feet 10 inches in length, to the lower step; the entire length, inside, having been 8 feet 5 inches, when the wall at the entrance was perfect. The three steps appear to have extended from side to side; these, with the walls, exhibit the same neat style of finish with cement already observed, the skirting being carried upon the ends of the steps up to the level of the floor over. The covering of the floor resembles that of the walls; but the whole was no sooner completed, as described, than an alteration in the arrangement of this underground part of the house was made, which well nigh destroyed its utility; indeed, it would seem to have been superseded by the adjoining bath, which encroached 27 inches upon its length, concealing, beneath a mass of rubble work, overlaid with a tessellated pavement, the original figure and dimensions, which were only ascertained by the removal of the intruding portion of the new bath, in pursuance of Mr. Neville's directions.

"The two baths, which entered into the arrangement as at first designed, are easily distinguishable from the subsequent work in this interesting portion of the remains, by their depth, and the steps for descent to them, the newer constructions having been raised to the level, or nearly so, of the principal floor. The whole of the tessellated work is of the same common kind, and perhaps there was not much difference of time in the construction, the necessity for superseding one of the baths appearing, it may have been, before the completion of the house. The provision made for the quick riddance of the waste water from the floor of the new bath is plainly seen, the greater portion of the floor being slightly lower than the rest, and so laid, as to conduct the water to the centre on one side, at which appears the aperture or drain, with the skirting well-formed and rounded off in order to facilitate the passage of the water. As the tesseræ would be more susceptible of injury at this place, a tile, 8 inches by 7, was laid in front of the aperture, the communication with the drain

being a flue-brick, 19 inches in length, and 4 inches square on the inside; the drain itself being 12 inches wide, with sides, bottom, and cover formed of tiles of the common kind. Against the opposite wall, and nearly facing the drain, a stone was inserted in the floor, 24 in. by 15 in., but its use is by no means certain.

Section of drain.

That the bath first described was superseded by the one just noticed, becomes evident by the destruction of the drain connected therewith, in order to form the new branch, and to unite it with the main line on the outside of the wall, as shown in the accompanying plan. This is an excellent piece of construction, wholly of brick, and for some reason now unknown, instead of being carried in a straight line past the corner of the building, was returned at right angles just within the end wall, where its width is 23 inches, and the outlet 20 inches, the boundary wall being sloped away to avoid impediment. At the point, where the drain reenters the building, the wall over was carried upon an arch, which is one of the most curious features among the ruins, and remains in perfect preservation.