far from robust, few of the adjacent towns did not receive the aid of his powerful advocacy. At the tables of the rich, as well as in the dwellings of the poor, he proved himself the same good-natured and able expounder of our principles. In September, 1838, at a meeting of delegates from various societies throughout the country, there was formed the Scottish Temperance Union, with the view of consolidating and giving strength to the cause throughout the country. As a proof of the esteem in which Mr. Kettle was held, it may be stated that he was at once elected its president. În connection with this association the Scottish Temperance Journal was started on the 1st of January, 1839. Shortly after its commencement Mr. Kettle became its editor, and continued to act as such till the close of its career in 1847. In July, 1848, Mr. Kettle was appointed president of the Scottish Temperance League; and in this position he lent the efficient aid of his name, talents, and pecuniary means. He presided at the business meetings of the association, and by the suavity of his manners, the prudence of his counsel, and the weight of his experience, guided the deliberations of the assembled members in the path of practical wisdom. But the time came for him to die. On Sabbath, the 7th of March, 1852, he attended church as usual. In the evening he complained of what he thought a slight cold. On Monday he was better, but on Wednesday he returned from business somewhat earlier, and on the day following was confined to his bed. That evening the symptoms of fever were plainly manifest, which terminated its course in death on the morning of the 23rd. His remains were followed to the grave on the 29th by civic authorities, ministers of various sects, leading temperance reformers, and friends of other great movements, in all to the number of well nigh two thousand. In 1853, a memoir of him was published by the Rev. William Reid of Edinburgh, to which work we are indebted for the above information.

แ

KIRK, Dr., one of the earliest and most enthusiastic pioneers of the temperance movement, died at Greenock in June 1859. For many years he was an efficient coadjutor with Mr. John Dunlop in promoting the cause; and continued to write, speak, and work on behalf of the movement until laid aside by a severe stroke of paralysis more than 20 years ago. "The last time we saw him," says the Commonwealth, was at a temperance gathering in the City Hall, Glasgow, about seven or eight years ago; and although he was scarcely able to walk or speak, his eye beamed with delight at the scene before him, and, in a sentence or two, he expressed his gratification at witnessing the advancement of a cause, that, at its commencement, entailed so much obloquy on its promoters."

On

LEACH, JAMES. About one and twenty years ago he went with a number of his fellow-workmen to the Temperance Meeting in Peter-street, Manchester, for the purpose of creating a disturbance. The truths he there heard, however, told by a working man whom he knew, were of such a forcible character that he was led to sign the pledge; and, for twenty years afterwards he was constantly engaged after his daily toil, almost every night, advocating the cause of temperance in Manchester and neighbouring towns. He was always acceptable, and his simple experience told wherever he went. the evening before his death he addressed a large meeting, and next day having gone to his work after dinner, he was seen to fall backwards, and in one hour he breathed his last, on Wednesday, October 20th, 1858. Such was the respect in which he was held that it was determined to give him a public funeral, and above 1,000 persons followed, while the whole route to the cemetery, a distance of four miles, was crowded with spectators, the numbers of which were estimated at from sixty to seventy thousand

persons.

LIMMER, JOHN, for many years held various offices in connection with the Ipswich Temperance Society, and of late was one of its vice-presidents. His staunch, untiring zeal in the great work of total abstinence was evidenced by his regular attendance at most of the meetings held on the subject, and his willingness to undertake any portion of the work he was able to perform. With his staff in hand he would support the out-door speakers, frequently accompanying them many miles into the surrounding villages. He died at his residence in Anglesea-road, Ipswich, on Monday, October 4th, 1858.

CHAPTER XI.

MEMORIALS OF THE DEPARTED.

M TO W.

MACFARLANE, MALCOLM, died at his house in Anderston, Glasgow, on February 20th, 1862, in the fifty-third year of his age. Mr. Macfarlane took an active part for the last quarter of a century in advancing the temperance movement, and was for several years an acceptable and successful agent of the Scottish Temperance League. He took part with the late Rev. Dr. Bates in the first meeting held in Glasgow for securing the Sabbath as a day of rest for cabmen, and was one of the successful writers for the prizes given by John Henderson, Esq., of Park, for the Sabbath essays. He was twice invited to London to speak in Exeter Hall on the Sabbath question, and his chaste and lucid addresses were well received, not only by the vast assembly, but called forth the special approval of the noble chairman, Lord Shaftesbury. He was also honoured with an invitation to speak at the great working-men's demonstration in the City Hall, in connection with the annual gathering of the Social Science Association in Glasgow, presided over by the Right Hon. Lord Brougham, and Mr. M.'s pointed address was listened to with the closest attention. The deceased was a friend of civil and religious freedom, and an ardent pleader for the emancipation of the slave.

He felt deeply interested in the education of the people, in the widest and highest sense of the term. Mr. Macfarlane's funeral was attended by about two hundred persons, including Mr. John McGavin, Mr. A. H. Maclean, Mr. Robert Reid, Mr. William Logan, and other leading temperance reformers.

MACKENZIE, Sir FRANCIS ALEXANDER, Bart., of Gairloch, Rosshire, died about 1841-2, in consequence of a severe attack of erysipelas, in the forty-fifth year of his age. He was a zealous and successful promoter of the total abstinence cause. He became a member of the old temperance society soon after its formation; but finding its principle to be inefficient for the accomplishment of its professed objects, he joined the total abstinence society, and was instrumental in founding a society in Scotland. His own healthy and robust appearance; his great flow of spirits, and the general urbanity of his manners, assisted him to recommend the principle with much success, not only amongst his own tenantry, but in the upper circles of society.

MACNICOL, DANIEL, died in Glasgow, on Saturday, 12th October, 1850. He was born at Drymen, in Stirlingshire, in October, 1767, and resided there for the long term of eighty years. When the temperance movement was introduced into this country, he was among the first who declared their adhesion to it, and for upwards of twenty years continued to be a consistent abstainer from all intoxicating beverages. By industry and frugality, he saved a small sum of money, part of which was freely given for the support of the temperance cause, and he also spent a considerable amount in circulating temperance and religious tracts. He deeply deplored the apathy of ministers and professing christians toward the temperance movement, and wherever he went, pointed out the inconsistency of those who supported the drinking customs. Notwithstanding some eccentri