der bilateral programs in various technical fields. AID personnel and the capabilities of other Federal agencies are required to provide these services. Participant support costs paid from interregional programs funds fall into the general categories of (a) reimbursement of AID training staffs, (b) expenses of technical staffs of other agencies providing training, and (c) necessary special program services such as insurance fees, English language training, and contracts with outside organizations for training in certain specialized fields (public safety, community water supply, and the like). TECHNICAL CONSULTATION AND SUPPORT The diversified nature of the country programs necessitates a wide range of technical support activities, such as the dissemination of current technical publications to field technicians, the handling of contractual arrangements, and procurement. Such services are furnished through: (a) the Communications Resources, Contract, and other staffs of AID/W; (b) participating agency facilities and staffs; and (c) special program activities for the development of training techniques and the acquisition of training aids. CLASSIFICATIONS OF INTERREGIONAL PROGRAMS I will briefly describe each of the 11 classifications of interregional programs. AID PROGRAM STAFF, $16,519,000 The AID/W program staff is made up of that segment of the Agency's Washington personnel directly concerned with the support of program operations. It includes personnel concerned primarily with program implementation: contract officers, development loan officers, training officers, technicians, and research and evaluation personnel. The increase in this category over fiscal year 1963 estimated expenditures is required to: (a) place the centralized Office of Public Safety on a full-year basis; (b) provide for increased workload growing out of the greater concentration on development lending; (c) strengthen the staff training program, which suffered from inadequate funds during the year just past; and (d) meet legislative requirements for an increased number of security investigations of contractoremployed U.S. nationals. PROGRAM SUPPORT BY OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, $5,398,000 This item is for reimbursement of other U.S. Government agencies for their services in providing training to cooperating country nationals. PARTICIPANT SERVICES, $3,400,000 To the extent that training provided by universities and other private and public institutions is reimbursable on a tuition-fee basis, such expenses are met from country or regional program funds. The costs of training provided by U.S. Government agencies are met from the "Interregional programs" category. Certain other training services of a specialized character are funded on a worldwide basis from the "Participant services" category of interregional programs. Such services include participant orientation, reception services, English language training, interpreter services, health and accident insurance fees, land-grant college fees, and training in specialized fields as required. COMMUNICATION RESOURCES SERVICES, $800,000 The Agency conducts a program of training and guidance, and furnishes methods and materials to make field personnel more effective and to equip cooperating countries with communications means which will stimulate self-help efforts. In this way provision is made for the local evaluation, acquisition and/or production, and dissemination of media for use by participants, technicians, and the foreign counterparts of U.S. technicians in all types of AID programs. Materials and techniques for training in education at all levels are developed and tested, technical film strips provided on a loan basis, a technical inquiry service conducted, and technical materials and advice furnished on a wide variety of problems in the area of communications. PROGRAM SUPPORT BY DEPARTMENT OF STATE, $7,540,000 Certain services provided by the Department of State in Washington and overseas to meet communications, health, fiscal, transportation, and custodial requirements are charged to user-agencies on a pro rata basis. The portion of these costs attributable to AID program personnel and operations is charged to interregional programs. AID expects to use such services to approximately the same extent as in fiscal year 1963. The increase of $90,000 in estimated costs is due to pay increases authorized by the Postal Services and Salary Act of 1962. INTERNATIONAL AID COORDINATION, $390,000 AID maintains a small staff as part of the U.S. mission to the OECD. It performs the function of supporting the ministerial level representation to the development assistance committee (DAC). The increase of $21,000 over the fiscal year 1963 level consists largely of incremental pay costs. BOOK GAP, $1,100,000 Books are a major requirement in building human resources. An extreme shortage of books in all fields of knowledge exists in nearly all aid-recipient countries. AID's long-range objective in the book field is to assist in developing writing, publishing, and distributing capabilities, while our immediate objective is to make available books required in carrying out current programs. The increase in funds projected for fiscal year 1964 (approximately $550,000) is to be used to implement and expand activities initiated toward the end of the last fiscal year, and to conduct studies of measures needed to augment publishing capacity. NUTRITION SURVEYS, $200,000 These surveys were launched during the Korean hostilities to combat malnutrition, which had been found a major handicap to military efforts. In the last few years the emphasis of such surveys has shifted from military to civilian populations of developing countries. There has been a corresponding shift in responsibility for the survey program 21-178-63-pt. 4– -37 from the Department of Defense to AID. Beginning in fiscal year 1964, surveys will be financed from country or regional program funds. The $200,000 requested here is for expenses of the secretariat and for somewhat less than $25,000 of followup costs of surveys already carried out. TRAINING IN COOPERATIVES, $500,000 AID contracts with U.S. private rural electric cooperatives, credit unions, and related organizations for consultative technical services to AID/W and to field missions. These services are financed from interregional program funds, while actions resulting from consultants' recommendations are ordinarily financed from regional funds. EXCESS PROPERTY OFFICES, $445,000 AID is authorized by section 608 of Public Law 87-195 to acquire domestic or foreign excess property in advance of a known need. and to repair, maintain, and transport such property as necessary in connection with AID programs. AID excess property branch offices which have been established in Frankfurt and Tokyo will acquire an estimated $38 million and dispose of an estimated $28 million in excess property during fiscal year 1964. The increase of $137,000 in operating costs for the current year over the last fiscal year consists of $122,100 for additional staff required to carry out the program and $15,000 for increased pay costs. GENERAL TECHNICAL SERVICES, $950,000 Technical services in support of country activities are provided on a centralized basis under this program, which funds a series of agricultural, health, educational, labor, and other activities which it would be impracticable to fund on an individual country basis. These services include advice and consultation from private institutions and Government agencies on a wide range of program problems, covering such specialized subjects as seed production and protection, community water supply design, medical education, and numerous others. The increase of $186,000 requested for fiscal year 1964 is for stepped-up training in community water supply development, for pilot projects in English language teacher training and adult education, to finance short-term consultants on municipal services, and for a number of related purposes. These are the broad outlines of activities which AID wishes to fund under interregional programs. I shall be happy to provide additional details to the subcommittee in response to members' specific questions. Mr. PASSMAN. Thank you, Mr. Director. COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEAR 1963 AND FISCAL YEAR 1964 REQUESTS In 1963, I believe you had interregional programs of $34,274,000; is that correct? Mr. COFFIN. Yes. Mr. PASSMAN. How much have you reduced your request for fiscal 1964? Mr. COFFIN. The 1964 request is for $37,242,000, or $3 million above the estimate for fiscal 1963. Mr. PASSMAN. Let us have another try at this subtraction. I believe it is $2,968,000, is it not? How much money did you justify for interregional programs last year? Mr. MADDEN. $31,300,000. Mr. PASSMAN. Would you have another look at your figures? Mr. MADDEN. Let me make a little modification. The amount was $30 million, even. This year we have in here a couple of programs that were not classified as interregional in 1963. To make things comparable with our request for this year, it would be $31,300,000. Mr. PASSMAN. To what other programs do you refer? Mr. MADDEN. General technical services was one of them, engineering services is another, and training cooperatives is a third. If that does not make the difference, the $35,000 for book gap will. Mr. PASSMAN. If that does not make the difference, what would the difference be? Mr. MADDEN. I am sure I could reconcile the difference, the $1.3 million which was not in the 1963 program. Mr. PASSMAN. If you will, kindly put that information in the record. Mr. MADDEN. I would be glad to. (The information requested follows:) INTERREGIONAL PROGRAM EXPENSES Fiscal year 1963 request to Congress (adjusted for comparability with fiscal year 1964 presentation) Amount requested under interregional expenses, vol. IV (p. 241), of fiscal year 1963 presentation-- Comparability adjustment: Add amounts requested under nonregional activities in vol. IV (pp. 219, 239) general technical services-education and $30, 000, 000 990, 000 275, 000 35,000 1,300,000 31, 300, 000 Mr. PASSMAN. In 1961 you had a program of $21,539,000; in fiscal 1962, $23,402,000; and in 1963, you had an estimate of $30 million, but you programed $34,274,000; and your 1964 request is $37,242,000. FACTORS RELATIVE TO INCREASES IN INTERREGIONAL PROGRAMS How do you justify an increase of almost 77 percent in this item since fiscal 1961 ? Mr. COFFIN. One of the key activities making up a substantial part of this is participant training, with all of its costs, the costs we pay other agences and the costs of our in-house personnel. We are still not the leader of nations in bringing other students for training to this country. Mr. PASSMAN. You say we are not the leader? Mr. COFFIN. We are not. Mr. PASSMAN. In what way do you mean that comment? Mr. COFFIN. I mean that other countries do more of this than we have done. Mr. PASSMAN. Do you mean that they bring our students to their countries more than we bring their students to ours? Mr. COFFIN. Other countries bring more students and trainees from developing countries to their own country, whether it be Britain or France. Mr. PASSMAN. What is our program, about 10,000 a year? Mr. PASSMAN. What countries would surpass us in that respect? Mr. COFFIN. I do not have the figures with me, except in my head, I would say France exceeds us. Mr. PASSMAN. From their former colonies they bring their subjects to France; is that the way it is? Mr. COFFIN. Yes; from many of the new African nations. Mr. PASSMAN. How does that compare with the number we bring from Guam, the Virgin Islands, and so on? Mr. COFFIN. These are not colonies, but countries which were formerly territories of France. Also, the United Kingdom, I think, has a very high figure. Let me make it clear that under our program we bring nobody from territories of the United States. Mr. PASSMAN. You can understand why the members of this subcommittee would be disillusioned when you start off with a program of $21 million in 1961, and in a period of 3 or 4 years, including 1964, you go up by 77 percent. However, that is in line with the history of practically every foreign aid program we have ever started, even the Peace Corps. We thought it would start in about 10 nations, but it has already expanded to 51 nations. There seems to be no such thing as starting a program in this worldwide giveaway operation and keeping it small. Mr. COFFIN. Other factors would be, for example, in the program staff, the Office of Public Safety, which is a new function in its emphasis on training for police actions, riot control. Mr. PASSMAN. Is this a program you started after you presented your requests for funds last year? You submitted no justifications? Mr. COFFIN. We have always had public safety, the teaching of police, traffic control, but the functions have expanded in the counterinsurgency field. Mr. PASSMAN. Let us read some of these fiscal 1963 items into the record so the taxpayers will know what we are talking about: AID Washington staff, which is the biggest one, I believe, $10,200,000. Program Support by other U.S. agencies, $5,460,000. Participant Services, $4,560,000. Communication Resources Services, $900,000. Program Support, Department of State, $5,700,000. AID staff, training, and development, $2,200,000. AID Foreign Service staff and complements, $590,000. AID USRO, $250,000. Training in cooperatives, $140,000. Would you list the comparable figures for fiscal 1964, and indicate whether or not you have any new programs in 1964 which you did not have in 1963? Mr. COFFIN. The AID Washington program staff estimate for 1964 $16,519,000. |