PREFACE.

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N presenting this new and greatly enlarged edition of my "King's College Lectures on Elocution," I have

only to express my grateful thanks to the Press and to the Public for the very favourable reception accorded to the last edition. The greater part of the present edition has been entirely re-written, and a new feature is the addition of a large number of selections for practice, illustrating every rule in Elocution.

The Portrait which appears in the present Volume as a frontispiece, is given in compliance with the request of my past and present pupils at King's College. It is one of a series of photographs of all the Professors and Lecturers in the Evening Classes Department of King's College, taken by Messrs. Spencer, Sawyer, and Bird, of 36, Rathbone Place.

In conclusion, I have only to express my best thanks to Mr. Darwin for his kind permission to use his diagrams of the Muscles of Expression in the Human Face, and to Mr. William Carter and Mr. Godfrey Hall for the drawings they have been good enough to make for me as illustrations for this book.

CONTENTS.

LECTURE I.

Introduction-What is Elocution-Definition-Reasons for the Cultivation of

Elocution-Answers to Objections-The Rev. E. Kirk-Extract from the Rev.

J. B. Mayor's "Ethics of Ritual-The Advantages to be gained from a know-

ledge of the Principles of Elocution in regard to the various Professions, the

Clergyman, the Barrister, &c.-Claims of Elocution to rank as one of the Fine

Arts-Professor J. Hullah-Importance of the subject of Elocution generally—

Authorities cited: John Stuart Mill, Dr. Guthrie, Dr. Channing, Joshua Steele's

"Prosodia Rationalis," Sir Arthur Helps, Rev. F. Trench, Archbishop of

York, Professor Seeley-Power, richness, and euphony of the English language

-Sanitary Advantages of Elocution-Quotation from Sir Henry Holland's

"Medical Notes"-Conclusion -

LECTURE II.

The Study of the English Language, viewed relatively in regard to other tongues

-Importance of the Art of Delivery in Ancient Times-Causes suggested for

its subsequent comparative neglect-The Subject viewed in reference to Public

and Private Life-Quotation from the Rev. Canon Kingsley-The Rev. James

Pycroft's "Twenty Years in the Church”—Popular Readings as an intellectual

Recreation-Good results that might be attained by these means-General Sum-

mary of the subjects discussed in these Lectures

LECTURE III.

How Elocution can best be studied-Analogy between the Study of Music and that

of Elocution-Quotations from the American Physiologist, Dr. Rush-General

Description of the organs of Respiration-The Thorax or Chest-The Vertebræ,

Ribs, and the Diaphragm and Muscles concerned in Respiration-The Lungs

-Physiology of Respiration-Capacity of the Lungs-Results of Experiments

made by Dr. Hutchinson-The Trachea or Wind-pipe-The Bronchial Tubes—

-Mechanism of Respiration

LECTURE IV.

General Description of all the Vocal Organs and their respective functions, with

illustrative drawings-The discoveries made by means of the Laryngoscope

and its history-Formation of Voice by the Vocal Cords-Results of the expe-

riments of Garcia, Turck, Czarmak, Sir G. D. Gibb, and others-Drawings of

the Vocal Cords when at rest in silent respiration and when producing voice-

Change of Voice at Puberty-Retention of the Effeminate Voice in Manhood,

and proper mode of Cure-Auxiliary Organs of Voice-Voices of Animals-

Quotation from Dr. Carpenter-Brief Summary of the Articulating Organs

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LECTURE V.

Respiration and the proper mode of managing the Breath in Public Reading and

Speaking-Testimony of the late Rev. A. S. Thelwall-Quotation from the

Rev. J. Howlett's Work on Reading the Liturgy"-"The Great Secret" of

Respiration, and the history of its transmission-Extracts from the recent Works

of Mr. Sergeant Cox and Professor Frobisher-Sanitary advantages resulting

from the Mode of Respiration here described-Testimony of George Catlin,

the North-American Traveller-Emmanuel Kant and De Quincy-Control of

the Breath in Expiration-Opinions of Professor Hullah and Mr. Kingsbury-

Summary rules for the management of respiration in Public Reading, Speaking,

and Singing

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LECTURE VI.

Analysis of the Elements of the Human Voice-Professor Hullah's suggestions in

regard to the best mode of Developing and Cultivating the speaking Voice-Dif-

ferent degrees of Aperture of the Mouth and the shape taken by the lips for the

pure sound of the different Vowels-Herr Georges' method of ascertaining these

-Illustration of the positions of the Lips, by Signor Lanza-Classification of

Voices-Causes of the different Classes of Voices-Philosophy of Sound and

its Phenomena Chladni's Experiments-Causes that produce the different

degrees of Intensity of Sound, Pitch, Tone and Timbre-Range of Human Per-

ception in regard to Sound-Difference between Sound and Noise-Resem-

blance and differences between the Music of Speech and the Music of Song

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LECTURE VII.

Theory of the Inflections of the Human Voice-Practical illustration-Inflections

of the Voice as a means of expression natural to man-Remarks of Mr. Darwin,

Mr. Herbert Spencer, and Mr. Litchfield-The first attempt to reduce the

Inflection of the Voice to a System of Notation made by Joshua Steele in 1775

in his "Prosodia Rationalis," David Garrick and Steele-The use of the Inflec-

tions known to the Greek and Roman Orators-Quotation from Quinctilian

-Walker's views in regard to the Two Primary Inflections-Great importance

of a knowledge of the chief principles that govern the Inflections in regard to

Elocution

LECTURE VIII.

The Rising Inflection of the Voice-Principles that govern its application in regard

to the Logical expression of Clauses and Sentences: (1) Where the meaning is

as yet incomplete; Illustrations; (2) Where Clauses or Sentences are Negative

in Construction; Illustrations; (3) To connect Kindred Thoughts together;

Illustrations; (4) When Clauses or Sentences are contingent; Illustrations;

(5) Interrogative Sentences that can be answered by a simple Affirmative or

Negative-Principles that govern the Rising Inflection in regard to Emotional

Expression: (1) When Sentences convey Appeal of any kind; Illustrations;

(2) When Sentences are in the nature of Supplication or Prayer; Illustra-

tions; (3) Where Sentences express Love, Joy, Hope, &c. ; Illustrations;

(4) Where Sentences express Wonder, Amazement, or Surprise; Illustrations;

(5) Where Sentences are of an Exclamatory Character; Illustrations

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