Nixon. I was designated Chairman of the Board with a 6-year term and Mr. Allar Nevins was named Vice Chairman with a 5-year term.

The other private members with their terms of office indicated are: Mr Harry C. McPherson, Jr., of Washington, D.C. (6 years); Mr. John P. Roche, of Waltham, Mass. (6 years); Mr. James MacGregor Burns, of Williamstown Mass. (4 years); Mr. Charles A. Horsky, of Washington, D.C. (4 years); Mr Ernest Cuneo, of Washington, D.C. (2 years); and Mr. Kevin Roche, of Hamden Conn. (2 years).

The public members are: The Secretary of State, Hon. Wiliam P. Rogers Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Hon. Robert H. Finch; the Chair man of the National Endowment for the Humanities, Hon. Barnaby C. Keeney the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Hon. S. Dillon Ripley; the Li brarian of Congress, Hon. L. Quincy Mumford; the Archivist of the United States Hon. James B. Rhoads; and Hon. Daniel P. Moynihan of the White House staff who was appointed by President Nixon as the one non ex officio public member Former President Harry S. Truman and former President Lyndon B. Johnson have both consented to become honorary members of the Board of Trustees. The Board held its organization meeting on March 6, 1969, adopted bylaws established an executive committee, and appointed Mr. Benjamin H. Read t serve as the Acting Director of the Center. Mr. Read is an attorney from Pennsyl vania, who served as Executive Secretary of the Department of State and Specia Assistant to the Secretary of State (1963–69). On the recommendation of the Selection Committee last October, the Board designated Mr. Read as Directo of the Center.

During a 7-month planning period last year the Director and I corresponded with several hundred persons educators, public officials, professional people businessmen, and others in every State and in many countries to obtain advic about the future substantive programs of the Center. More than a hundred indi vidual interviews and group discussions were held in Washington and elsewher for the same purpose. To help design programs that would complement those of other institutions for advanced scholars, particularly those in the District of Columbia, and to best serve the needs of visiting scholars working in the Capita area, the staff visited several dozen organizations in the United States and else where and reviewed the programs of a number of others in correspondence and discussions. The conclusions and recommendations were incorporated in a com prehensive report to the trustees from the Acting Director last September.

At its fall 1969 meeting the Board of Trustees decided to open fellowship and guest scholar programs on October 15, 1970, in prime space offered for the interin use of the Center by the Smithsonian Institution in the newly renovated origina (1847) Smithsonian Institution Building on the Mall.

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

The theme we chose for the fellowship program is designed to accentuate thos aspects of Wilson's ideals and concerns for which he is perhaps best known a hal century after his Presidency-his search for international peace and the imagin ative new approaches he used to meet the pressing issues of his day-translate into current terms.

Thus, the statement of policy adopted by the Board states:

"Emphasis will be placed on studies designed to increase man's understandin of significant international, governmental, and social problems, and to improv the organization of society at all levels to meet such problems. The focus will b on the public policy aspects of contemporary and emerging issues which confron many peoples and, where applicable, on comparative analyses of different cul tural, regional, and other approaches to such issues."

While a wide variety of studies of current problems will be welcome under thi general statement of policy, the Trustees have selected two subjects on whic they would like to see substantial studies undertaken and proposals develope during the opening period at the Center: (1) the development of internations understanding, law and cooperation in ocean uses; and (2) contemporary man' overall relations with his deteriorating environment, with special attention t the new forms of international cooperation needed to address effectively er vironmental problems that transcend boundaries. Brief summaries and longe staff papers on the objective of the oceans and environmental studies are in cluded at attachment G.

When the fellowship program is fully operational, up to 40 scholars-approximately half from the United States and half from other countries-will be selected to work at the Center. They will be chosen-again in approximately equal measure from academic and nonacademic occupations and professions. The former will come from a number of the social and behavioral sciences, from the humanities, and from the natural sciences. The latter will be drawn from diverse careers including government, international organizations, law, diplomacy, labor, business, foundations, and journalism. The primary concern will be to find persons whose intellect, experience, and dedication will enable them to contribute to the increase and diffusion of knowledge about subjects of interest to the Center in a community of scholars of like purposes.

All fellows invited will be persons of distinguished scholarly capabilities and promise. Academic participants will be limited normally to established scholars at the postdoctoral level (or the equivalent in other countries). There will be no precise higher degree requirements for nonacademic fellows, but their standing in their profession or occupation, advanced degrees, writings, and honors will be considered.

While no arbitrary age limite have been set and there will be a wide spread of ages among the fellows at the Center, it is anticipated that most scholars chosen will be in their thirties or forties.

The average fellowship at the Center will probably extend from several months to a year in duration, but some periods of study of only a few weeks and a limited number of long-term appointments will also be accepted.

The announcement of the opening programs of the Center was mailed in November to a large number of individuals and institutions in every State and in a number of other countries. With the consent of the Secretary of State, we asked the assistance of several Fulbright-Hays binational commissions and foundations in disseminating information about the Center's programs and in preliminary screening of non-U.S. candidates.

By the end of January we had received more than 40 applications for fellowships from scholars in the United States and other countries-largely from political scientists and other social scientists, law professors, diplomats, historians, and some scientists, who wished to work in field falling within the Center's theme. References were obtained and the completed files were submitted to outside advisory panels of distinguished academic and other persons (list at attachment D) for recommendations about the qualifications of the candidates and recommendations about rankings. In advising us on the applications we asked the Center's advisory panels to use the following agreed criteria: (1) scholarly capabilities and promise in areas of primary interest to the Center; (2) likelihood of contributing the complementary experiences and knowledge needed for a lively and productive intellectual community; (3) relevance of Washington area intellectual resources for people to proposed areas of studies; and (4) thorough speaking and writing knowledge of English. The Trustees Fellowship and Guest Scholar Subcommittee met in mid-March and approved the issuance of nine fellowship invitations, as funds permit, and six invitations to guest scholars. The exceptionally high caliber of these scholars is suggested in the brief summaries contained in attachment F to this statement. We are continuing to receive applications all the time and plan to repeat the selection process and issue additional invitations by July 1, 1970.

Each fellow will be asked in the first instance to seek financial support from his own institution, government, foundation or other source, and—until the Center's initial funding requirements are fully met-fellowship candidates with some such outside means of support may be in a preferred position. Thereafter, within an agreed ceiling, the Board hopes the Center will be in a position to offer stipends to help meet the fellow's previous year's salary rate, with cost-of-living adjustments for scholars from other countries, based on the general principle that the fellowship should not involve financial loss or gain to the recipient. Return trip air economy travel expenses for the fellow and his immediate family to and from Washington and limited housing allowances should also be available.

Each fellow at the Center will be expected to pursue his own or his group's scholarly concerns on a full-time basis in Washington during his fellowship except for agreed vacations, trips, and other absences.

Since one of the statutory objectives of the Center is the creation of an intellectual community which could hel pstrengthen the relation between "the world of learning and the world of public affairs," each fellow accepting an appointment will be expected to participate in a regular evening discussion dinner with his

colleagues and invited guests from "the world of public affairs" and the Washington community at large and to take a turn at leading such discussions or in presenting a paper for discussion on such occasions. Two or three times a year each fellow would also be expected to lead or participate in special discussions, seminars, and other meetings for the public or invited guests on themes to be determined by the fellows and Center staff. The papers and transcripts of discussions on such occasions would normally be considered public property, and the Board hopes that the results will yield new insights, perspectives and proposals in significant areas of wide contemporary concern. As I have indicated we anticipate that legislative and executive branch people will be included on these occasions at the Center from the beginning.

GUEST SCHOLAR PROGRAM

The other program approved by the trustees for the opening period at the Center is called the guest scholar program, which we visualize as a sensible and complementary adjunct to the fellowship program.

Under the guest scholar program several offices and desks of the Center will be reserved and other space temporarily vacant will be made available as well as the other privileges of the Center for relatively short-time use by distinguished U.S. and non-U.S. scholars on arrangement with the director of the Center, who will follow criteria to be established by the Trustees Fellowship and Guest Scholar Committee.

By this means the Board hopes that the Center will begin to be able to answer on a limited scale the almost universal plea of those who testified during the Legislative and Memorial Commission proceedings and those who advised us during the planning stage for a center to serve the needs of U.S. and nonU.S. scholars who visit Washington.

Prof. Julian Boyd and President Robert F. Goheen of Princeton University were early advocates of an institution to serve the transient scholarly community.

The 1967 Pennsylvania Avenue Commission report on the Woodrow Wilson Commission recommendations stated the case as follows: "Academic visitors to Washington, whether domestic or foreign, frequently have a limited set of contacts upon which to base their work and an information center at the Woodrow Wilson Center appropriately staffed and maintained will provide a very much needed service in Washington. It can refer scholars to the appropriate people and places and can provide introductions to people within Government and without, and it can maintain a continually updated index of scholarly resources in the Washington area."

H.M.R. Keyes, Secretary-General of the International Association of Universities in Paris, wrote to us about the particularly difficult problems encountered by scholars from other countries who visit Washington: "If, as President Goheen points out, it is already very difficult for an American to take rapid bearings among the various institutions where (intellectual) resources are available, the task is far more complex for foreign visitors. These have often only a slight knowledge of the academic and scientific American landscape, and its complexity, extreme diversity and sheer size can easily take on for them the characteristics of a labyrinth. The existence of a Center able to give them information on the intellectual, artistic, and scientific resources of the United States would be of real value."

Many established intellectual institutions in the capital area help visiting scholars at present, but none of them specifically holds itself out as serving this role as one of its central objectives.

The Woodrow Wilson International Center guest scholar program will begin to provide a small-scale answer to this need. We have already engaged a staff member specifically to gather data to enable the staff to perform a modest information center service, and each of the Center's staff members will be expected to be knowledgeable and helpful in assisting visiting U.S. and non-U.S. scholars to gain knowledge about and access to the rich and growing public and private intellectual resources, programs and expertise of the capital area. While the Center's small staff will have to concentrate primary efforts on assisting the fellows and guest scholars working at the Center, the Board hopes that the Center will be increasingly responsive and helpful to the information needs of the broader visiting scholarly community in Washington. Here, as in so many other areas, the Center will be fortunate to be able to draw on the strong resources of the Smithsonian Institution, including its Science Information Ex

change, Washington Academic Register and Information Systems Division programs and facilities.

We have already received several requests for short-term guest scholar appoitments, some from experts in the areas we have designated for special encouragement in the fellowship program whose occasional presence would lend great strength to the work of the fellows.

INTERIM QUARTERS IN THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING

The Board of Trustees was most pleased to accept for the Center's use in its opening years the Smithsonian Institution's offer of interim quarters, which are uniquely appropriate and fortunate for the purposes needed.

The quarters are in the original Smithsonian Institution Building, which was designed by James Renwick, Jr., in 1846 and has served since 1849 as the headquarters for the worldwide activities of the Smithsonian Institution. This is a most fitting international use of the building, in which young scientists roomed until the turn of the century and which served as the home of the National Academy of Sciences throughout its early history and as the meeting place for many past scholarly conferences. By virtue of the funds appropriated by Congress in recent years the building has undergone top to bottom renovation, which is scheduled for completion by early summer.

On the third and fourth floors of the central section of the building 55 offices have been designated for the use of the Center for office space for the Center's first fellows, guest scholars, and staff. The estimated cost of furnishing these offices, some of which will hold desks for two to four persons, is included in the request I am submitting today. In addition, the Center will have the use of a conference or seminar room, a common or reading room and rooms which will serve as a small reference library on the third and fourth floors, a lounge and desk area and dining room on the first floor, and estimates for furnishing these rooms are also included in the requests submitted today.

It is the unanimous judgment of those other institutions that we consulted during the planning period that it is essential for the Center to have a dining area of its own in order to establish the sense of community which is essential for any new institution of this kind. We hope to be able to engage the food service which presently serves the Smithsonian Institution to cater weekday lunches and occasional dinners in the dining room of the Smithsonian building, which also has a small service area attached.

PERMANENT BUILDING SITE SELECTION

Acceptance of the offer of temporary space in the Smithsonian Institution Building, where the Center's fellowship and guest scholar programs could begin, should not slow down in any way the search for and acquisition of a permanent site for the Center and its early construction.

The Center will not be fulfilling one of its prime legislative purposes until it has its own permanent quarters. The demand for a center in the Nation's Capital where visiting scholars can meet, talk, dine, reside and receive information services is real and widespread as indicated during the legislative hearings on the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act and in subsequent correspondence and discussion during the planning period. Plainly this demand cannot be met in any substantial way until the Center has a home of its own adequate to meet these needs.

The Woodrow Wilson Memorial Commission and the President's Temporary Commission on Pennsylvania Avenue both recommended that the Center for Scholars which they proposed as a memorial to Wilson be located on the north side of the proposed Market Square (between Pennsylvania Avenue, D, 7th and 9th Streets) in downtown Washington. The legislation creating the Center noted the Memorial Commission's site recommendation and authorized the Board of Trustees in section 4(a) (7) to “prepare plans and specifications for the Center. including the design and development of all buildings, facilities, open spaces and other structures on the site in consultation with the President's Temporary Commission on Pennsylvania Avenue, or its successor, and with other appropriate Federal and local agencies...".

At the same time Congress made clear that it was not authorizing a specific site acquisition, and section 4 (a) (4) of the act empowered the Board to "acquire such site as a location for the Center as may subsequently be authorized by the Congress."

To explore the suggestions that the Center be located at the Market Square site, a contract was entered between the Smithsonian Institution and the Urban Design and Development Corporation, a nonprofit District of Columbia corporation established in 1969 by the American Institute of Architects, to study the feasibility of the proposed Market Square site for the Center as well as other possible sites in the area between the National Archives and the National Collection of Fine Arts and Portrait Gallery buildings.

The feasibility study discussed the problems of acquisition of land in the immediate Market Square area and suggested utilization of possible adjacent sites. Any site in this vicinity would pose serious environmental problems unless other adjacent major development efforts were in prospect.

The question has been temporarily shelved pending a decision by the Administration on the submission of legislation to expedite and promote private and public development of the area included in the Pennsylvania Avenue plan, including the proposed site for the Woodrow Wilson Center.

In the coming fiscal year funds will be needed for further studies relating to the selection of a permanent building site, including a survey of the size and nature of the visiting scholarly community in Washington at any one time and more information about scholars' opinions on basic location and design issues as well as a more detailed examination of the specific sites identified in the existing feasibility study.

FUNDING

The legislation creating the Center included an open-ended authorization for appropriations of funds necessary to carry out the purposes of the Act for the fiscal years after 1970, and directed the Board of Trustees to "solicit. accept and dispose of gifts, bequests, and devises of money, securities, and other property of whatever character for the benefit of the Center" as well as to "obtain grants from and make contracts with state, federal, local and private agencies, organizations, institutions and individuals."

We were able to begin operation in March of 1969 by virture of a $45.000 grant obtained from the Ford Foundation, and in fiscal year 1970 Congress appropriated $100,000 "to meet the expenses of the Board of Trustees of the Center and for necessary studies and planning activities" in the current fiscal year. The table shown at attachment B indicates the expenditures of public and private funds made and estimated from March of 1969, until the end of the current fiscal year. As this table shows, the bulk of the sums expended and to be expended cover the employment costs. Those include the salaries of the director and his secretary, who were the two permanent positions for whom funds were requested when the presentation for the Center was made by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in March of last year, and the subsequent employment of three assistants to the director and two additional secretaries, start in August as anticipated in the 1969 hearings (House hearings p. 724; Senate hearings p. 902).

At its fall 1969 meeting the Board of Trustees approved a fiscal year 1971 budget estimate of $1.4 million, of which $934,000 was requested in the Board's first submission to the Bureau of the Budget, and the balance was to be sought from private sources. The $934,000 sum submitted to the Budget Bureau was to include $440,000 for administrative expenses, including $165,000 for 15 staff positions: $175,000 for furnishings, equipment and supplies, and $140,000 for other services including travel, conferences, consultants fees and planning contracts; and $494,000 to cover the stipends, travel expenses, and housing allowances of the Center's first 20 to 40 fellows. The Board undertook to raise a like or greater sum toward the cost of a like number of fellowships.

Because of the uncertainties of initial financing, the Board stated in the brochure announcing the opening programs of the Center that "fellowship candidates with some outside means of support may be in a preferred position." Although almost none of the non-U.S. candidates to date have reported such outside support, several of the U.S. scholars who were approved by the Trustees Committee for early invitations do have such other financial means. Plainly, however, the Board does not want to limit participation in the Center to those with outside financial means, and the principles on which we have based the stipends we would like to provide in the long run are ones that will assure that the Nation's Center in honor of Woodrow Wilson is not limited to scholars of means only.

Section 6 of the act creating the Woodrow Wilson Center states "there are authorized to be appropriated to the Board such funds as may be necessary ***"